2017年小升初英語語法:名詞性從句之賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應

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理解賓語從句的時態(tài)響應,應注意以下幾種情況:
    1. 無需呼應的情況:若主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)句意的需要使用任何所需要的時態(tài)。如:
    He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。
    No one knows where he was born. 沒有人知道他出生于何地。
    Tom says that he’ll never get married. 湯姆說他永遠不結(jié)婚。
    2. 主句為過去時的情況:若主句謂語動詞為過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞應用相應的過去時態(tài)。如:
    She asked me if I’d slept well. 她問我睡得好不好。
    I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個地方。
    He said he was going to accompany her home. 他說他將陪她回家。
    當主句謂語動詞為過去時,即使賓語從句所表示的時間是現(xiàn)在,通常也用過去時。如:
    Oh! I didn’t know you were here. ?。?我不知道你在這里。(you were here指說話的當時)
    Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好! 我不知道你在倫敦。你來這里多久了? (you were in London其實是指說話的當時)
    當然,為避免誤會,我們也可以直接使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的情況,而無需考慮與主句謂語的過去時相呼應。如:
    She said she’ll be back tonight. 她說她今晚回來。
    He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他說會議于星期二舉行。
    3. 從句為客觀真理的情況:當賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實,可以不受時態(tài)呼應的限制,即使主句謂語動詞為過去時,從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
    The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老師告訴學生,光的速度比聲速快。
    When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。