新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程，以其全新的教學理念，有趣的課文內容和全面的技能訓練，深受廣大英語學習者的歡迎和喜愛。為了方便同學們的學習，為大家整理了全面的新概念第一冊課文翻譯及學習筆記，希望為大家的新概念英語學習提供幫助!
Lesson139
【課文】
GRAHAM TURNER: Is that you, John?
JOHN SMITH: Yes, speaking.
GRAHAM TURNER: Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening.
JOHN SMITH: I'm afraid I don't understand.
GRAHAM TURNER: Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening. I said I would be at your house at six o'clock, but the boss wants me to do some extra work. I'll have to stay at the office. I don't know when I'll finish. Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
JOHN SMITH: I don't know what you're talking about.
GRAHAM TURNER: That is John Smith, isn't it?
JOHN SMITH: Yes, I'm John Smith.
GRAHAM TURNER: You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?
JOHN SMITH: That's right.
GRAHAM TURNER: You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you?
JOHN SMITH: No, I don't. I'm John Smith the telephone engineer and I'm repairing your telephone line.
【課文翻譯】
格雷厄姆·特納：是你嗎，約翰?
約翰·史密斯：是我，請講。
格雷厄姆·特納：你告訴瑪麗，今晚吃飯我們將晚到一會兒。
約翰·史密斯：恐怕我還不明白您的意思。
格雷厄姆·特納：瑪麗沒有告訴你嗎?她邀請我和夏洛特今晚去吃飯。我說過我6點到你家，但老板要我加班。我不得不留在辦公室，不知道什么時候才能結束。喔，順便問一句，我妻子想知道瑪麗是否需要幫忙。
約翰·史密斯：我不知道您在說些什么。
格雷厄姆·特納：你是約翰·史密斯，對嗎?
約翰·史密斯：是的，我是約翰·史密斯。
格雷厄姆，特納：你是工程師約翰·史密斯，對嗎?
約翰·史密斯：對。
格雷厄姆·特納：你在海外工程公司上班，是嗎?
約翰·史密斯：不，不是。我是電話工程師約翰·史密斯，我正在修理您的電話線。
【生詞】
extra adj. 額外的
company n. 公司
overseas adj. 海外的，國外的
line n. 線路
engineering n. 工程
【知識點講解】
(一)單詞擴展
1)extra adj. 多余的，額外的
短語：an extra charge 額外的費用
extra train 加班火車
也可作名詞，表示額外的事物;臨時演員
We need hundreds of extras for this scene。
我們需要數(shù)百名臨時演員拍這場戲。
2)overseas adj. 國外的，海外的
overseas students 留學生
也可作副詞，表示在國外，出國，跟abroad是近義詞。
He wants to live overseas.
他想去海外定居。
3) by the way 固定短語搭配 “順便問一句”
拓展：in the / sb's. way 妨礙，擋著...的路
in a way / in one way 在某種程度上，不完全地
on the way 即將發(fā)生，在路上
4)engineering n. 工程技術;工程學
the school of engineering 大學里的工學院
civil engineering 土木工程
He is studying civil engineering in Tsinghua University.
他在清華大學學習土木工程。
engineer n. 工程師
(二)【語法講解】
1. 本課中出現(xiàn)了好幾次反意疑問句。反意疑問句是口語中常用的一種句子形式，一般由兩部分組成，即“陳述句+附加疑問句”。陳述句的謂語含有動詞be或助動詞，附加疑問句助動詞要重復這些詞，且前半部分為肯定時，后半部分要否定;反之，如果陳述句為否定，則附加疑問句要用肯定形式。
It's a fine day, isn't it?
今天天氣不錯，是吧?
2. 今天的對話是在電話中進行的，那么電話中有什么特定表達呢?
Is that you, John?
Yes, speaking.
這兩句話是朋友間打電話時的常用語。speaking 可譯作“請講”，
3. Tell Mary we'll be late...
句中we will be late...是一個賓語從句，作動詞tell的賓語。這個賓語從句省略了引導詞that。
4. She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening.
她邀請我和夏洛特今晚去吃飯。
在英語中，為了表示客氣常常把其他人的姓名放在“我”之前，請注意中英文不同的語序。
5. I don't know when I'll finish.
這也是一個賓語從句，從句中的引導詞when不能省略。類似的句子還有：My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help; I don't know what you're talking about等。
Lesson141
【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. Why was the mother embarrassed?
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. ‘Hello, little girl,’ she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder compact. She then began to make up her face. ‘Why are you doing that?’ Sally asked. ‘To make myself beautiful,’ the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly. ‘But you are still ugly,’ Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!
【課文翻譯】
聽錄音，然后回答問題。為什么母親感到很尷尬?
上周，我4歲的女兒薩莉被邀請去參加一個兒童聚會。我決定帶她乘火車去。薩莉非常激動，因為她從未乘過火車。她靠車窗坐著，對她所看到的一切都要問個明白。突然，一個中年婦女上了火車，坐在薩莉的對面。 “你好，小姑娘，”她說。薩莉沒回答，卻好奇地看著她。那位婦女穿著一件藍色的大衣，戴著一頂大而滑稽的帽子?；疖囬_出車站后，那位婦女打開了手提包，拿出了粉盒。然后她開始打扮起來?！澳銥槭裁匆菢幼瞿?”薩莉問?！盀榱税炎约捍虬缙涟?，”那位婦女答道。她放好了粉盒，慈祥地微笑著?！翱墒悄闳匀浑y看呀，”薩莉說。薩莉感到很有趣，而我卻很尷尬。
【生詞】
excited adj. 興奮的
compact n. 帶鏡的化妝盒
get on 登上
kindly adv. 和藹地
middle-aged adj. 中年的
ugly adj. 丑陋的
opposite prep. 在......對面
amused adj. 有趣的
curiously adv. 好奇地
smile v. 微笑
funny adj. 可笑的，滑稽的
embarrassed adj. 尷尬的，窘迫的
powder n. 香粉
【知識點講解】
(一)單詞擴展
1)decide v. 對......做出抉擇，決定;影響......的結果
例句：I can't decide what to wear.
我拿不定主意穿什么。
decide on /upon sth. 決定，選定
2)compact
這個詞既可作名詞，也可作形容詞，還可作動詞
①作名詞 表示帶鏡小粉盒，也可在口語中表協(xié)議，合約。
②作形容詞 表示袖珍的，體積小的，緊湊的
a compact camera 袖珍照相機
③作動詞 把......緊壓在一起
3)get on 登上，乘上(指乘車，飛機，或船)
4)embarrassed adj. (猶指在社交場合)窘迫的，尷尬的
句型：be embarrased about /at sth.
be embarrassed to do sth.
financially embarrassed (口語)拮據(jù)的，經(jīng)濟困難的
例句：He felt embarrassed at being the center of attention.
他因自己成為眾人注目的中心而感到尷尬。
(二)【語法講解】
1. my four-year-old daughter 我那四歲的女兒
four-year-old 是名詞daughter的定語，常常用連字符連在一起，組成一個復合形容詞。注意在這個復合詞中僅用year，而不用復數(shù)。
同類型的詞還有a five-year plan 一個五年計劃 a three-day holiday 三天的假期
2. Sally, was invited to a children's party.
這是一個被動語態(tài)的句子。在英文中，如果想要避免用含混不清的詞(如someone等)作主語，常?？墒褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。被動語態(tài)有相應的be動詞加上過去分詞組成。
3. she had never travelled on a train before,
副詞before通常用于完成時(現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時)的句子里，ago用在過去時的句子里。
4. be dressed in... 穿戴......。
例句：He is dressed in a blue T-shirt and looks energetic.
他今天穿了件藍色T-恤，看起來很有活力。
5. make up her face, 往她的臉上施脂粉。
6. make myself beautiful, 把自己打扮漂亮
Lesson143
【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!’
【課文翻譯】
聽錄音，然后回答問題。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方?
我住在一個由美麗的樹林環(huán)繞的古老小鎮(zhèn)上。這是一個的風景勝地。每逢星期天，有許許多多人從城里來觀賞我們的小鎮(zhèn)，并在樹林中散步。游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。樹下都已設置了廢物筐，但是人們仍到處扔垃圾。上星期三我到樹林里去散步。我所見到的一切使我非常難過。我數(shù)了一下，有7輛舊汽車和3個舊冰箱。廢物筐是空的，而滿地都是紙片、煙頭、舊輪胎、空瓶子和生銹的空罐頭盒。在垃圾堆中我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊牌子，上面寫著：“凡在此樹林里丟棄垃圾者，將依法處置。”
【生詞】
surround v. 包圍
place v. 放
wood n.樹林
throw (threw , thrown ) v.扔，拋
beauty spot 風景點
rubbish n. 垃圾
hundred n. 百
count v. 數(shù)，點
city n. 城市
cover v. 覆蓋
through prep. 穿過
piece n. 碎片
visitor n. 參觀者，游客，來訪者
tyre n. 輪胎
tidy adj. 整齊的
rusty adj. 生銹的
litter n. 雜亂的東西
among prep. 在......之間
litter basket 廢物筐
prosecute v. 依法處置
【知識點講解】
(一)單詞擴展
1)surround vt. 包圍,環(huán)繞,圍繞 n. 圍繞物
例句：Trees surround our house.
我們房子的四周都是樹。
surrounding既是surround的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也是一個詞。 n. 環(huán)境 a. 周圍的
例句：Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.
周圍的農田漸漸變成了住宅區(qū)。
2)wood n. 木頭;木材;木柴; 森林,樹林
例句：You should put some more wood in the fire.
你應該再往火里添些木料。
3)beauty spot 風景點
spot 這個詞含義很豐富，比如n. 污點,地點,斑點,點,缺點,處境,少量
a. 當場的,現(xiàn)場的,現(xiàn)貨買賣的
vt.1. 點綴;2.發(fā)現(xiàn);3.看見,看到,注意到
scenic spot 風景名勝
例句：The city is famed for its scenic spots.
該市以風景優(yōu)美著稱。
4)cover 這個詞意思也很豐富，既可作動詞，又可作名詞。
n. 蓋子,封面,藉口，報道
vt. 覆蓋,掩飾,保護,掩護,包括
vi. 覆蓋;翻唱
例句：The highway was covered with snow.
公路被雪覆蓋著。
5)litter n. 垃圾,雜亂 vt. 亂丟
例句：There was litter thrown all over the pavement.
人行道上到處都是扔的垃圾。
litter與rubbish的區(qū)別
rubbish: 普通用詞，指任何成堆的、破損的、用過的或無用的東西，尤指棄掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下亂丟物品的總稱，尤指散落于地，有礙觀瞻的廢物。
6)prosecute vt. 起訴, 告發(fā), 從事, 徹底進行
例句：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
他被告發(fā)超速行駛。
(二)【課文講解】
1. 大家在看課文的過程中會發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的課文中多次出現(xiàn)be+動詞過去分詞這種形式，這就是英語中的被動式。
被動式不等于過去分詞，確切的說，應該是“Be+過去分詞”，例如，give的被動式，就應該是be given。
被動語態(tài)的構成：
被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。
一起來看看下面幾個句子。
主動語態(tài) He cleans the room .
被動語態(tài) The room is cleaned by him.
否定句 The room isn’t cleaned by him.
疑問句 Is the room cleaned by him?
2. was covered with... 覆蓋......
例句： The roof is covered with snow.
屋頂被雪覆蓋了。
3. What I saw made me very sad.
句中的主語what I saw 是一個what引導的名詞性從句。
例句：What I did surprised him.
他對我的行為感到驚訝。
4. I found a sign which said...
這里的said不當“說”講，而是“寫著......”。
例句：It is said on the blackboard that the homework should be handed in before Tuesday.
黑板上寫著作業(yè)必須在周二前交。
Lesson139
【課文】
GRAHAM TURNER: Is that you, John?
JOHN SMITH: Yes, speaking.
GRAHAM TURNER: Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening.
JOHN SMITH: I'm afraid I don't understand.
GRAHAM TURNER: Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening. I said I would be at your house at six o'clock, but the boss wants me to do some extra work. I'll have to stay at the office. I don't know when I'll finish. Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
JOHN SMITH: I don't know what you're talking about.
GRAHAM TURNER: That is John Smith, isn't it?
JOHN SMITH: Yes, I'm John Smith.
GRAHAM TURNER: You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?
JOHN SMITH: That's right.
GRAHAM TURNER: You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you?
JOHN SMITH: No, I don't. I'm John Smith the telephone engineer and I'm repairing your telephone line.
【課文翻譯】
格雷厄姆·特納：是你嗎，約翰?
約翰·史密斯：是我，請講。
格雷厄姆·特納：你告訴瑪麗，今晚吃飯我們將晚到一會兒。
約翰·史密斯：恐怕我還不明白您的意思。
格雷厄姆·特納：瑪麗沒有告訴你嗎?她邀請我和夏洛特今晚去吃飯。我說過我6點到你家，但老板要我加班。我不得不留在辦公室，不知道什么時候才能結束。喔，順便問一句，我妻子想知道瑪麗是否需要幫忙。
約翰·史密斯：我不知道您在說些什么。
格雷厄姆·特納：你是約翰·史密斯，對嗎?
約翰·史密斯：是的，我是約翰·史密斯。
格雷厄姆，特納：你是工程師約翰·史密斯，對嗎?
約翰·史密斯：對。
格雷厄姆·特納：你在海外工程公司上班，是嗎?
約翰·史密斯：不，不是。我是電話工程師約翰·史密斯，我正在修理您的電話線。
【生詞】
extra adj. 額外的
company n. 公司
overseas adj. 海外的，國外的
line n. 線路
engineering n. 工程
【知識點講解】
(一)單詞擴展
1)extra adj. 多余的，額外的
短語：an extra charge 額外的費用
extra train 加班火車
也可作名詞，表示額外的事物;臨時演員
We need hundreds of extras for this scene。
我們需要數(shù)百名臨時演員拍這場戲。
2)overseas adj. 國外的，海外的
overseas students 留學生
也可作副詞，表示在國外，出國，跟abroad是近義詞。
He wants to live overseas.
他想去海外定居。
3) by the way 固定短語搭配 “順便問一句”
拓展：in the / sb's. way 妨礙，擋著...的路
in a way / in one way 在某種程度上，不完全地
on the way 即將發(fā)生，在路上
4)engineering n. 工程技術;工程學
the school of engineering 大學里的工學院
civil engineering 土木工程
He is studying civil engineering in Tsinghua University.
他在清華大學學習土木工程。
engineer n. 工程師
(二)【語法講解】
1. 本課中出現(xiàn)了好幾次反意疑問句。反意疑問句是口語中常用的一種句子形式，一般由兩部分組成，即“陳述句+附加疑問句”。陳述句的謂語含有動詞be或助動詞，附加疑問句助動詞要重復這些詞，且前半部分為肯定時，后半部分要否定;反之，如果陳述句為否定，則附加疑問句要用肯定形式。
It's a fine day, isn't it?
今天天氣不錯，是吧?
2. 今天的對話是在電話中進行的，那么電話中有什么特定表達呢?
Is that you, John?
Yes, speaking.
這兩句話是朋友間打電話時的常用語。speaking 可譯作“請講”，
3. Tell Mary we'll be late...
句中we will be late...是一個賓語從句，作動詞tell的賓語。這個賓語從句省略了引導詞that。
4. She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening.
她邀請我和夏洛特今晚去吃飯。
在英語中，為了表示客氣常常把其他人的姓名放在“我”之前，請注意中英文不同的語序。
5. I don't know when I'll finish.
這也是一個賓語從句，從句中的引導詞when不能省略。類似的句子還有：My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help; I don't know what you're talking about等。
Lesson141
【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. Why was the mother embarrassed?
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. ‘Hello, little girl,’ she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder compact. She then began to make up her face. ‘Why are you doing that?’ Sally asked. ‘To make myself beautiful,’ the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly. ‘But you are still ugly,’ Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!
【課文翻譯】
聽錄音，然后回答問題。為什么母親感到很尷尬?
上周，我4歲的女兒薩莉被邀請去參加一個兒童聚會。我決定帶她乘火車去。薩莉非常激動，因為她從未乘過火車。她靠車窗坐著，對她所看到的一切都要問個明白。突然，一個中年婦女上了火車，坐在薩莉的對面。 “你好，小姑娘，”她說。薩莉沒回答，卻好奇地看著她。那位婦女穿著一件藍色的大衣，戴著一頂大而滑稽的帽子?；疖囬_出車站后，那位婦女打開了手提包，拿出了粉盒。然后她開始打扮起來?！澳銥槭裁匆菢幼瞿?”薩莉問?！盀榱税炎约捍虬缙涟?，”那位婦女答道。她放好了粉盒，慈祥地微笑著?！翱墒悄闳匀浑y看呀，”薩莉說。薩莉感到很有趣，而我卻很尷尬。
【生詞】
excited adj. 興奮的
compact n. 帶鏡的化妝盒
get on 登上
kindly adv. 和藹地
middle-aged adj. 中年的
ugly adj. 丑陋的
opposite prep. 在......對面
amused adj. 有趣的
curiously adv. 好奇地
smile v. 微笑
funny adj. 可笑的，滑稽的
embarrassed adj. 尷尬的，窘迫的
powder n. 香粉
【知識點講解】
(一)單詞擴展
1)decide v. 對......做出抉擇，決定;影響......的結果
例句：I can't decide what to wear.
我拿不定主意穿什么。
decide on /upon sth. 決定，選定
2)compact
這個詞既可作名詞，也可作形容詞，還可作動詞
①作名詞 表示帶鏡小粉盒，也可在口語中表協(xié)議，合約。
②作形容詞 表示袖珍的，體積小的，緊湊的
a compact camera 袖珍照相機
③作動詞 把......緊壓在一起
3)get on 登上，乘上(指乘車，飛機，或船)
4)embarrassed adj. (猶指在社交場合)窘迫的，尷尬的
句型：be embarrased about /at sth.
be embarrassed to do sth.
financially embarrassed (口語)拮據(jù)的，經(jīng)濟困難的
例句：He felt embarrassed at being the center of attention.
他因自己成為眾人注目的中心而感到尷尬。
(二)【語法講解】
1. my four-year-old daughter 我那四歲的女兒
four-year-old 是名詞daughter的定語，常常用連字符連在一起，組成一個復合形容詞。注意在這個復合詞中僅用year，而不用復數(shù)。
同類型的詞還有a five-year plan 一個五年計劃 a three-day holiday 三天的假期
2. Sally, was invited to a children's party.
這是一個被動語態(tài)的句子。在英文中，如果想要避免用含混不清的詞(如someone等)作主語，常?？墒褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。被動語態(tài)有相應的be動詞加上過去分詞組成。
3. she had never travelled on a train before,
副詞before通常用于完成時(現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時)的句子里，ago用在過去時的句子里。
4. be dressed in... 穿戴......。
例句：He is dressed in a blue T-shirt and looks energetic.
他今天穿了件藍色T-恤，看起來很有活力。
5. make up her face, 往她的臉上施脂粉。
6. make myself beautiful, 把自己打扮漂亮
Lesson143
【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!’
【課文翻譯】
聽錄音，然后回答問題。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方?
我住在一個由美麗的樹林環(huán)繞的古老小鎮(zhèn)上。這是一個的風景勝地。每逢星期天，有許許多多人從城里來觀賞我們的小鎮(zhèn)，并在樹林中散步。游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。樹下都已設置了廢物筐，但是人們仍到處扔垃圾。上星期三我到樹林里去散步。我所見到的一切使我非常難過。我數(shù)了一下，有7輛舊汽車和3個舊冰箱。廢物筐是空的，而滿地都是紙片、煙頭、舊輪胎、空瓶子和生銹的空罐頭盒。在垃圾堆中我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊牌子，上面寫著：“凡在此樹林里丟棄垃圾者，將依法處置。”
【生詞】
surround v. 包圍
place v. 放
wood n.樹林
throw (threw , thrown ) v.扔，拋
beauty spot 風景點
rubbish n. 垃圾
hundred n. 百
count v. 數(shù)，點
city n. 城市
cover v. 覆蓋
through prep. 穿過
piece n. 碎片
visitor n. 參觀者，游客，來訪者
tyre n. 輪胎
tidy adj. 整齊的
rusty adj. 生銹的
litter n. 雜亂的東西
among prep. 在......之間
litter basket 廢物筐
prosecute v. 依法處置
【知識點講解】
(一)單詞擴展
1)surround vt. 包圍,環(huán)繞,圍繞 n. 圍繞物
例句：Trees surround our house.
我們房子的四周都是樹。
surrounding既是surround的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也是一個詞。 n. 環(huán)境 a. 周圍的
例句：Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.
周圍的農田漸漸變成了住宅區(qū)。
2)wood n. 木頭;木材;木柴; 森林,樹林
例句：You should put some more wood in the fire.
你應該再往火里添些木料。
3)beauty spot 風景點
spot 這個詞含義很豐富，比如n. 污點,地點,斑點,點,缺點,處境,少量
a. 當場的,現(xiàn)場的,現(xiàn)貨買賣的
vt.1. 點綴;2.發(fā)現(xiàn);3.看見,看到,注意到
scenic spot 風景名勝
例句：The city is famed for its scenic spots.
該市以風景優(yōu)美著稱。
4)cover 這個詞意思也很豐富，既可作動詞，又可作名詞。
n. 蓋子,封面,藉口，報道
vt. 覆蓋,掩飾,保護,掩護,包括
vi. 覆蓋;翻唱
例句：The highway was covered with snow.
公路被雪覆蓋著。
5)litter n. 垃圾,雜亂 vt. 亂丟
例句：There was litter thrown all over the pavement.
人行道上到處都是扔的垃圾。
litter與rubbish的區(qū)別
rubbish: 普通用詞，指任何成堆的、破損的、用過的或無用的東西，尤指棄掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下亂丟物品的總稱，尤指散落于地，有礙觀瞻的廢物。
6)prosecute vt. 起訴, 告發(fā), 從事, 徹底進行
例句：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
他被告發(fā)超速行駛。
(二)【課文講解】
1. 大家在看課文的過程中會發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的課文中多次出現(xiàn)be+動詞過去分詞這種形式，這就是英語中的被動式。
被動式不等于過去分詞，確切的說，應該是“Be+過去分詞”，例如，give的被動式，就應該是be given。
被動語態(tài)的構成：
被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。
一起來看看下面幾個句子。
主動語態(tài) He cleans the room .
被動語態(tài) The room is cleaned by him.
否定句 The room isn’t cleaned by him.
疑問句 Is the room cleaned by him?
2. was covered with... 覆蓋......
例句： The roof is covered with snow.
屋頂被雪覆蓋了。
3. What I saw made me very sad.
句中的主語what I saw 是一個what引導的名詞性從句。
例句：What I did surprised him.
他對我的行為感到驚訝。
4. I found a sign which said...
這里的said不當“說”講，而是“寫著......”。
例句：It is said on the blackboard that the homework should be handed in before Tuesday.
黑板上寫著作業(yè)必須在周二前交。