2018考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(二)

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As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.
    這個(gè)句子是選自真題閱讀。在這個(gè)句子中,包含了三處需要考生需要復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):
    (1)As Nature has pointed out before;
    (2)there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.
    對(duì)這個(gè)句子進(jìn)行翻譯處理時(shí),不難看出,as置于句首,是用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的;且Nature的首字母是大寫的,因此,Nature指的是《自然》這本雜志;既然說到as引導(dǎo)了定語(yǔ)從句,即as真正指代的是there be 句型,而在there be 句型中,破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容則是作為同位語(yǔ)成分對(duì)science prizes進(jìn)行內(nèi)容解釋;在語(yǔ)法中,there be句型本身的意思是“...有...”,這是一個(gè)倒裝句,即真正的主語(yǔ)在后面,在于there be之后的名詞性成分; about是介詞,即about之后的how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed是介賓結(jié)構(gòu),而賓語(yǔ)成分則是由疑問詞how來引導(dǎo);且how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,both new and old 則為science prizes的同位語(yǔ)成分;在由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)部分是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“are distributed”。這樣一來,各位考生可以參考整個(gè)句子的分析過程,同時(shí),為了幫助考生理解這個(gè)句子,的老師也為各位考生提供了下面的修改后的句子:
    As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.
    There are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed,which has been pointed out before by Nature.
    (參考譯文:正如《自然》雜志之前提出的那樣,我們可以合理地關(guān)注科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)(新舊都有)是如何發(fā)放的。)