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2018考博英語(yǔ)作文詞匯短語(yǔ)素材：經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易類
1.改革產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) reform the structure of industries
2. 虧損企業(yè) loss-making enterprises
3. 搞活企業(yè) enliven enterprises
4. 加快現(xiàn)代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive
5. 跨國(guó)公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation
6. 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township enterprises
7. 國(guó)有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises
8. 合資企業(yè) joint ventures
9. 解放生產(chǎn)力 emancipate/ liberate productivity
10.振興國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì) invigorate our state economy
11.實(shí)行股份制 introduce the shareholding system
12.全面深化改革 deepen reform all round
13.提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 improve economic results
14.增進(jìn)效益 increase economic returns
15.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控 macro-economic control and management
16. 經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力 economic strength
17. 經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌 economic transformation
18. 經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制 operative mechanism
19. 整頓經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 rectify economic order
20. 引進(jìn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制 introduce a competitive mechanism
21. 建立技術(shù)密集型企業(yè) set up technologically-intensive enterprises
22. 招商引資 canvass business and introduce investment
23. 房地產(chǎn) real estate
24. 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special economic zone
25. 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 infrastructure facilities
26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
27. 投資熱點(diǎn) investment hot spot
28. 外向型經(jīng)濟(jì) export-oriented economy
29. 按勞分配 distribute according to the work performance
30. 打破平均主義 break / abandon equalitarian
31. 沿海開放城市 open coastal cities
32. 保稅區(qū) bonded zone/ area
33. 金融改革 banking system
34. 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 Gross National Product
35. 扶貧項(xiàng)目 anti-poverty project
36. 下海經(jīng)商 plunge into the private business
37. 協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 coordinate the development
38. 住房改革 housing reform
39.社會(huì)保障體系 social security system
40. 數(shù)字時(shí)代 digital times
41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway
42. 虛擬社區(qū) virtual communities
43. “菜藍(lán)子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)
44. 拳頭產(chǎn)品 knock-out products/ competitive products
45. 市場(chǎng)蕭條 slack market
46. 中國(guó)質(zhì)量萬(wàn)里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign
47. 冒牌產(chǎn)品 fake brand-name products
48. 假冒偽劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities
49. 謀取暴力 reap colossal profits
50. 提出索賠 lodge a claim
51. 投訴 lodge complaint
52. 貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端 trade disputes
53. 亂收費(fèi) random charges
54. 市場(chǎng)疲軟 sluggish market
55 .貿(mào)易順差 favorable trade balance
56. 貿(mào)易逆差 unfavorable trade balance
57. 實(shí)行優(yōu)惠政策 launch a preferential policy
58. 繁榮市場(chǎng) flourish the market
59. 加入世貿(mào)組織 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO
60. 惠國(guó)待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment
61. 消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì) consumer’s association
62. 消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買力 consumer purchasing power
63. 新興市場(chǎng) emerging market
64. 抑制消費(fèi) control / inhibit consumption
65. 無(wú)形資產(chǎn) intangible assets
66. 有形資產(chǎn) tangible assets
67. 市場(chǎng)占有率 market share
68. 嚴(yán)重違約 grave breach of contract
69. 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy
70. 品牌效應(yīng) brand effect
71. 企業(yè)重組 reshuffle of enterprises
72. 貿(mào)易壁壘 trade barrier
73. 人才流失 brain drain
74. 清理“三角債” break up the debt chain
75. 企業(yè)文化 corporate culture
76. 商業(yè)炒作 commercial speculation
77. 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，刺激消費(fèi) expand domestic demand and consumption
78. 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) fuel economic growth
79. 連鎖反應(yīng) chain reaction / domino effect
80. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) competitive edge
81. 經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 economic restructuring
82. 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn) economic growth point ; growth engine
83. 經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱 overheated economy
84. 經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡 economic downturn
85. 集約化經(jīng)營(yíng) intensive management
86. 灰色收入 gray income
87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system
88. 分期付款 installment payment
89. 從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì) shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
90. 按揭購(gòu)房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house
91. 邊際效益 marginal benefit
92. 不良貸款 non-performing loan
93. 裁減冗員 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing
94. 產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代 upgrade of products
95. 創(chuàng)業(yè)園 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park
96. 促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 foster integration with the global economy
97. 家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制 household contract responsibility system
98. 人才戰(zhàn) competition for talented people
99. 脫貧致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity
100. 資源優(yōu)化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources
2018考博英語(yǔ)作文詞匯短語(yǔ)素材：政治類
101. 不正之風(fēng) bad / harmful practice
102. 霸權(quán)主義 hegemonism
103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life
104. 論資排輩 assign priority according to seniority
105. 持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development
106. 重復(fù)建設(shè) redundant project
107. 大鍋飯 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)
108. 多極化 multi-polarization
109. 科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.
110. 機(jī)構(gòu)臃腫 overstaffing in organization
111. 機(jī)構(gòu)改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining
112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government
113. 窗口行業(yè) service trade
114. 核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 core competitiveness
115. 減員增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency
116. 減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān) reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them
117. 跨越式發(fā)展 great-leap-forward development
118. 跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展 trans-century project
119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism
120. 講誠(chéng)信﹑反欺詐 honor credibility and oppose cheating
121. 強(qiáng)權(quán)外交 power diplomacy
122. 人浮于事 overstaffing
123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds
124. 群帶關(guān)系 networking through petticoat influence
125. 求同存異 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones
126. 濫用權(quán)力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority
127. 廉政建設(shè) build a clean and honest government
128. 三步走戰(zhàn)略 the three-step development strategy
129. 三講教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct
130. 三峽工程 Three gorges project
131. 貪污腐化 corruption and degeneration
132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept
133. 西部開發(fā) the development of China’s west
134. 發(fā)展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth
135. 堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則 uphold the four cardinal principles
136. 地方保護(hù)主義 regional protectionism
137. 拜金主義 money worship
138. 行賄受賄 give and take bribery
139. 走后門 get in by the back door / enter by the back door
140. 和平演變 peaceful evolution
141. 貪臟枉法 take bribes and bend the law
142. 以權(quán)謀私 abusing power for money
143. 拉關(guān)系 try to establish a relationship with sb.
144. 權(quán)錢交易 trading power for money
145. 掃黃運(yùn)動(dòng) anti-pornography campaign
146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds
147. “一國(guó)兩制”的原則 the principle of “one country, two systems:”
148. 兩大主題 two principle themes
149. 堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)立場(chǎng) stick to one-China position
150. 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì) National People’s Congress
151. 與國(guó)際接軌 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms
152. 社會(huì)主義物質(zhì)文明 socialist material wellbeing
153. 社會(huì)主義精神文明 socialist culture and ideology
154. 實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
155. 歪風(fēng)邪氣 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
156. 溫暖工程 adequate food and clothing program
157. 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property right
158. 綜合國(guó)力 comprehensive national strength
159. 低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living
160. 政企分開 separate government functions from enterprise management
161. 與時(shí)俱進(jìn) keep pace with the times
162. 閑置人員 idle hand
163. 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) endowment insurance
164. 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心 focus on the central task of economic construction
165. 下崗職工基本生活費(fèi) subsistence allowance for laid-off workers
166. 世界觀﹑人生觀﹑價(jià)值觀 world outlook, outlook on life and values
167. 實(shí)事求是 seek truth from facts
168. 試點(diǎn)工程 pilot project
169. 政府廉潔高效 clean and efficient government
170. 戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系 strategic partnership
2018考博英語(yǔ)作文詞匯短語(yǔ)素材：教育與科學(xué)技術(shù)類
171. 科技含量 technology content
172. 科教興國(guó) rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation
173. 可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 strategy of sustainable development
174. 工業(yè)園區(qū) industrial park
175. 技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品 technology-intensive product
176. 新興學(xué)科 new branch of science
177. 邊緣學(xué)科 frontier science
178. 高速寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng) high-speed broadband networks
179. 電腦病毒 computer viruses
180. 電子商務(wù) e-commerce; e-business
181. 黑客 hacker
182. 數(shù)字地球 digital globe
183. 局域網(wǎng) local area network
184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence
185. 網(wǎng)上沖浪 web-surfing
186. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界 cyber world
187. 網(wǎng)上犯罪 cyber crime
188. 信息高速公路 information highland
189. 網(wǎng)民 netizen
190. 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual reality
191. 克隆 cloning
192. 基因工程 genetic engineering
193. 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品 genetically modified food
194. “神舟六號(hào)”載人飛船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI
195. 掌上電腦 palm computer
196. 主頁(yè) home page
197. 語(yǔ)音信箱 voice mail
198. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) cyber-economy
199. 網(wǎng)蟲 netter; Internet geek
200. 網(wǎng)戀 cyber romance; virtual romance
201. 高精尖技術(shù) high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
202. 科技扶貧 support poor areas using technology
203. 科研攻關(guān) work towards key technological breakthroughs
204. 自費(fèi)研究生 self-supporting graduate student
205. 委托培養(yǎng) consign the training of personnel to a certain school
206. 填鴨式教學(xué) cramming method of teaching
207. 啟發(fā)式教學(xué) heuristic education
208. 復(fù)合型人才 interdisciplinary talent
209. 論文答辯 thesis oral defense
210. 素質(zhì)教育 quality-oriented education
211. 教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people
212. 九年制義務(wù)教務(wù)教育 nine-year compulsory education
213. 德智體美勞全面發(fā)展
all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education
214. 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property
215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
216. 碩博連讀
a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study
217. 雙學(xué)位 double degree
218. 雙向選擇 two-way selection
219. 人才流失 brain drain
220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament
221. 學(xué)生減負(fù) alleviate the burden on students
222. 學(xué)術(shù)交流 academic exchanges
223. 學(xué)科帶頭人 pace-setter in scientific research
224. 德才兼?zhèn)?have both political integrity and ability
225. 攻讀碩士學(xué)位 study for a doctoral degree
226. 文科生 students of liberal arts
227. 理科生 students of science
228. 愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育 education in patriotism
229. 擇優(yōu)錄取 enroll the excellent students
230. 畢業(yè)論文 graduation thesis
231. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) graduation project
232. 義務(wù)教育 compulsory education
233. 高等教育 higher education
234. 選修課程 optional courses
235. 主修課程 major courses
236. 重點(diǎn)學(xué)科 key disciplinary areas
237. 德智體全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生
students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically
238. 教育部 Ministry of Education
239. 博士生導(dǎo)師 doctoral supervisors
240. 世界觀﹑人生觀﹑價(jià)值觀 word outlook, outlook on life and values
2018考博英語(yǔ)作文詞匯短語(yǔ)素材：文化社會(huì)生活類
241. 彩票 lottery ticket
242. 保健食品 health-care food
243. 暴發(fā)戶 new rich; upstart
244. 民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities
245. 下崗工人 laid-off workers
246. 人口老齡化 aging/ graying population
247. 人口高峰 baby boom
248. 人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng) negative population growth
249. 流動(dòng)人口 moving population
250. 收視率 viewing rate
251. 售后服務(wù) after-sale service
252. 再就業(yè)工程 re-employment project
253. 自由職業(yè)者 free lancer
254. 性別歧視 sexual discrimination
255. 性價(jià)比 cost performance
256. 水貨 smuggled goods
257. 水土流失 soil erosion
258. 文化滲透 cultural infiltration
259. 跳槽 job-hopping
260. 搶購(gòu) panic buying
261. 甩賣 clearance sale
262. 公益廣告 public-interest advertisement
263. 讓利 offer discounts
264. 出國(guó)熱 craze for going abroad
265. 社會(huì)福利制度 the social welfare system
266. 享受公費(fèi)醫(yī)療 enjoy public health care
267. 世界衛(wèi)生組織 World Health Organization (WHO)
268. 黃昏戀 twilight love
269. 賀歲片 New Year film
270. 記者招待會(huì) press/ news conference
271. 賣*嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes
272. 制造假鈔 make the false notes
273. 吸毒者 a drug addict
274. 出售黃色錄像 sell obscene video tapes
275.傳銷 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing
2018考博英語(yǔ)作文詞匯短語(yǔ)素材：環(huán)境法律醫(yī)療類等
276. 溫室效應(yīng) green-house effect
277. 沙漠化 desertification
278. 過(guò)度放牧 overgrazing
279. 過(guò)度捕魚 over-fishing
280. 濫砍亂伐 clear-cutting
281. 退耕還林 return cultivated land to forest
282. 沙塵暴 sand storm
283. 生態(tài)危機(jī) ecological forest
284. 破壞生態(tài)平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance
285. 自然保護(hù)區(qū) nature reserve
286. 環(huán)境綠化 environmental greening
287. 禽流感 bird flu
288. 瘋牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE
289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease
290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
291. 偷稅﹑騙稅 tax evasion and tax fraud
292. 掃黃打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications
293. 嚴(yán)打斗爭(zhēng) strike-hard campaign
294. 公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序
a new and rational new international political and economic order
295. 外交紛爭(zhēng) diplomatic disputes
296. 維護(hù)世界和平 safeguard world peace
297. 國(guó)際慣例 international common practice
298. 民族分裂主義 ethnic separatism
299. 宗教極端主義 religious extremism
300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern