寒窗苦讀十余載，今朝考試展鋒芒;思維冷靜不慌亂，下筆如神才華展;心平氣和信心足，過關(guān)斬將如流水;細(xì)心用心加耐心，努力備考，定會(huì)考入理想院校。以下是為大家整理的 《2018考博英語閱讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章精析：無線通訊》供您查閱。
Wireless communication無線通訊
In a whole new light裝在一種新型燈泡中
Lighting fixtures that also transmit data are starting to appear能傳送數(shù)據(jù)的照明裝置問世
Sep 24th 2016 | From the print edition 2016年9月24日|摘自印刷版
Once upon a time FLICKERING lamps are normally a headache-inducing nuisance. But if the flickering happens millions of times a second—far faster than the eye can see or the brain respond to—then it might be harnessed to do something useful, like transmitting data. That, at least, is the idea behind a technology dubbed Li-Fi by its creators.很久之前，燈光閃爍不定是一件讓人頭疼的麻煩事，但如果燈光每秒閃爍幾百萬次——其速度之快人眼捕捉不到、大腦也反應(yīng)不過來的話——那么或許可以用它來做一些有用的事，比如傳送數(shù)據(jù)。至少這是Li-Fi技術(shù)發(fā)明人的想法。
nuisance n 討厭的(人，行為)麻煩事harness v 利用，控制dub 把…稱為
Li-Fi works with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), an increasingly popular way of illuminating homes and offices, and applies the same principle as that used by naval signal lamps. In other words, it encodes messages in flashes of light. It can be used to create a local-area network, or LAN, in a way similar to the LANs made possible by standard, microwave-based Wi-Fi.Li-Fi通過LED燈傳播無線信號(hào)。其原理和海軍信號(hào)燈類似。目前LED燈在家庭和辦公室照明中越來越流行。換句話說，Li-Fi技術(shù)把編碼寫進(jìn)燈光的閃爍中。可以用它來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)類似于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)微波Wi-Fi的局域網(wǎng)(又稱為L(zhǎng)AN)。
Illuminate v照亮LED(light-emitting diode) 發(fā)光二極管
Such LANs would, Li-Fi’s supporters believe, have two advantages over standard Wi-Fi. One is that light does not penetrate walls. A Li-Fi LAN in a windowless room is thus more secure than one using Wi-Fi, whose microwave signals pass easily through most building materials and can thus be listened to by outsiders. The other advantage is that light does not interfere with radio or radar signals in the way that microwaves sometimes do. Li-Fi can therefore be installed in hospitals, nuclear plants and other sites where Wi-Fi might create dangerous interference with electronic kit.支持Li-Fi技術(shù)的人認(rèn)為，與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Wi-Fi相比，Li-Fi局域網(wǎng)有兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。第一，光不能穿過墻壁。而微波信號(hào)可以輕易的穿過大多數(shù)建筑材料，很容易被外面的人竊聽，因此在一個(gè)沒有窗戶的房間，Li-Fi局域網(wǎng)比用Wi-Fi局域網(wǎng)更安全。第二，光不會(huì)像微波一樣受到無線電或者雷達(dá)信號(hào)的干擾，因此Li-Fi可以運(yùn)用于醫(yī)院、核電站以及其他Wi-Fi信號(hào)容易受到電子設(shè)備干擾的地方。
Penetrate v 穿透Interfere v 妨礙
One business about to benefit from this selectivity is commercial aviation. Though aircraft avionics have been hardened over the years, to reduce the risk of interference from radio and microwave signals, using Li-Fi would make absolutely certain. It would mean that LANs could be set up in the cabin, distributing entertainment to passengers and permitting those with Li-Fi-equipped phones and computers to contact the outside world.航空業(yè)將會(huì)從這項(xiàng)技術(shù)中受益。多年來，盡管航空電子設(shè)備已經(jīng)日漸成熟，但為了減少無線電和微波信號(hào)的干擾，使用Li-Fi技術(shù)勢(shì)在必行。這也就意味著，機(jī)艙內(nèi)可以建設(shè)域網(wǎng)，用以擴(kuò)充乘客的娛樂項(xiàng)目，并且可以讓配備Li-Fi功能的手機(jī)和電腦與外界保持聯(lián)系。
Aviation n 航空Avionics n 航空電子設(shè)備
This arrangement would also save on weight, as passenger-entertainment systems would no longer have to be fed by cables. To this end Airbus, a big European aircraft-maker, let Velmenni, an Indian firm, spend six months earlier this year installing and testing a Li-Fi network in a mocked-up passenger cabin of one of its planes. Velmenni hopes to use passengers’ reading lights to broadcast the signal. Luciom, a French firm, is even further advanced. In January 2017 it will begin installing Li-Fi on passenger jets built either by Airbus or by its American rival, Boeing (a non-disclosure agreement forbids it from saying which one).這樣給乘客提供娛樂的系統(tǒng)將不再依賴電纜，還可以減輕飛機(jī)重量。為此，今年早些時(shí)候，歐洲大型的飛機(jī)制造商空中客車Airbus，聯(lián)合印度愛沙尼亞初創(chuàng)公司Velmenni，前后花費(fèi)六個(gè)月的時(shí)間，在他們飛機(jī)上的模擬客艙內(nèi)安裝和測(cè)試了LiFi網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Velmenni希望利用乘客的閱讀燈傳送信號(hào)。法國(guó)的Luciom公司更先進(jìn)，他們將于2017年1月份開始，在客機(jī)上安裝空中客車Airbus或者Airbus的對(duì)手美國(guó)波音公司Boeing生產(chǎn)的Li Fi(雙方已簽訂保密協(xié)議，故Velmenni不能透露是哪一家公司)。
Cable n 電纜mocked-up 模擬
In the longer run, though, it is buildings that Li-Fi’s manufacturers have their eyes on. PureLiFi, a British firm that sells components to lighting manufacturers, plans to use the same cable to carry power and data to the LEDs themselves. That should make the system simple to install. PureLiFi is also designing LEDs that radiate data even when dimmed, so that a film can be streamed into a room and shown with the lights down.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，Li-Fi技術(shù)制造商將他們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在了建筑上。一家向照明設(shè)備制造商出售零件的英國(guó)的公司PureLiFi計(jì)劃用電纜同時(shí)向LED燈傳送電源和數(shù)據(jù)，這也許會(huì)使這個(gè)系統(tǒng)更易安裝。PureLiFi還發(fā)明了一種即使在熄燈的狀態(tài)下也能傳送數(shù)據(jù)的LED燈。這樣一來就可以在黑暗的房間里傳送和放映電影了。
Manufacturer：制造商Component：零件Install：安裝Stream into：涌入
Installing a Li-Fi LAN, then, should not be too difficult. But for the technology to succeed, computers, phones and other signal-receiving devices will also have to be modified, so that they can pick up and reply to optical transmissions. To give that capability to existing kit engineers at Luciom have made a dongle that plugs into a standard USB port. This dongle contains both an ordinary LED (though it is one that emits infra-red flashes, which are invisible to the human eye) to send data to the LAN, and the opposite of an LED—a photodiode that converts light into electricity rather than the other way around—to receive data.安裝Li-Fi局域網(wǎng)應(yīng)該并不是很難。但若要成功應(yīng)用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，還需對(duì)電腦、手機(jī)以及其他信號(hào)接收設(shè)備進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，這樣這些設(shè)備才能通過光傳輸接收并回復(fù)信息。為了給現(xiàn)有設(shè)備配備這個(gè)技術(shù)，可見光通信開發(fā)商Luciom的工程師設(shè)計(jì)出了可以插入U(xiǎn)SB端口的適配器。這個(gè)適配器帶有普通的LED燈(它閃爍著人眼無法看到的紅外線光)，可用于傳輸局域網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)，以及和LED工作原理相反的——光電二極管，它是通過將光轉(zhuǎn)變成電能來接收數(shù)據(jù)的，而不是反過來。
Dongle：適配器Plug into：插入Invisible：不可見的Convert：轉(zhuǎn)變
PureLiFi, looking further ahead to a time when Li-Fi has become routine, is miniaturising such components with the intention of embedding them into devices at the point of manufacture. Nor is it alone in this desire. Zero.1, based in Dubai, says it has managed to tweak the cameras in the latest smartphones to run Li-Fi. Perhaps more pertinently, the intentions of Apple, the world’s most valuable listed company, were revealed earlier this year when it emerged that the term “LiFiCapability” is buried in the code of the iOS 9.1 operating system used by one of its most successful products, the iPhone.(讀者試譯)當(dāng)通訊網(wǎng)變得常規(guī)時(shí)，光通訊無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)研發(fā)站PureLiFi對(duì)未來進(jìn)行了展望，他們的目的在于將通訊網(wǎng)嵌入到設(shè)備中進(jìn)行制造，而不是將它們單獨(dú)放置。迪拜的Zero.1宣稱已自己經(jīng)成功改進(jìn)了最新版手機(jī)里面的運(yùn)行Li-Fi的照相機(jī)。期待您的翻譯。
Embed：嵌入Pertinently：關(guān)鍵地Reveal：揭示
Li-Fi may spread outdoors, too. Sunlight spoils its signals during the daytime, but in the hours of darkness Li-Fi-enabled streetlamps should work perfectly well. Gabe Klein, an entrepreneur who was once the boss of Chicago’s transport department, says the city has begun testing the idea of adding Li-Fi to the LED-based street lighting now being installed there. One potential beneficiary of this idea, if it succeeds and spreads, is Trópico, a Brazilian streetlamp-maker. According to Daniel Auad, Trópico’s owner, the Li-Fi-enabled streetlamps the firm is now working on should sell for about $325 a piece—a premium of only $75 over the non-enabled variety.Li-Fi也許也會(huì)用于室外。白天陽光會(huì)破壞他的信號(hào)，但是在天黑的幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)， 備有Li-Fi技術(shù)的街燈可以良好地工作。企業(yè)家賈博克林曾經(jīng)是芝加哥交通部門的負(fù)責(zé)人，他說城市已經(jīng)開始測(cè)試這個(gè)將 Li-Fi技術(shù)加入到已經(jīng)設(shè)立的LED街燈中了。這個(gè)想法可能帶來的好處就是，假如此項(xiàng)技術(shù)測(cè)試成功并且得到廣泛使用，那么巴西路燈的制造商Trópico可能會(huì)受益。據(jù)Trópico的老板丹尼爾說，即現(xiàn)階段正在測(cè)試Li-Fi技術(shù)的路燈可以賣到325美元一個(gè)——只比沒有Li-Fi技術(shù)的路燈貴了75美元。
Entrepreneur：企業(yè)家Premium：昂貴的Variety：品種
The technology may even be co-opted as a navigation tool in places, such as many buildings, that signals from the satellite-based global-positioning system cannot reliably penetrate. In this case the flickering LEDs act not as message-carriers but as beacons, permitting suitably equipped devices to locate themselves. Luciom has already installed such beacons in the ceiling lights of Orly airport, near Paris, and in a hypermarket in Lille. In Orly, the beacons (which are currently under test and used only by employees) will eventually show passengers to, for instance, the correct baggage carousel for their flight. In the hypermarket they direct shoppers with a Luciom dongle on their smartphones to the locations of desired items.這個(gè)技術(shù)甚至可以拿來用在一些地方的導(dǎo)航上。比如用在那些衛(wèi)星全球定位系統(tǒng)的信號(hào)不能完全穿透的建筑物上。在這種情況下，閃爍的二極管將不再是信息載體而是一個(gè)燈塔，允許適當(dāng)?shù)腖i-Fi設(shè)備來定位自己。Luciom已經(jīng)將這樣的燈塔安裝在了巴黎附近的奧利機(jī)場(chǎng)和里爾的大型商場(chǎng)。在奧利，這個(gè)燈塔(目前處于測(cè)試中，僅供員工使用)將逐漸向旅客展現(xiàn)他們航班的行李傳送帶信息。在超市，他們直接在智能手機(jī)上利用Luciom電子狗找到他們所需要的商品的位置。
navigation：領(lǐng)航的penetrate：穿透beacon：燈塔install：安裝
Li-Fi, then, seems to be developing as a useful addition to the list of ways electronic devices can communicate. That it will actually replace conventional Wi-Fi seems unlikely. But by extending the amount of spectrum available for communications it may, as it were, lighten the load.到那時(shí)Li-Fi技術(shù)似乎會(huì)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)電子通訊設(shè)備的輔助附加物。它似乎不可能取代傳統(tǒng)的無線網(wǎng)。但是它可以通過增加通訊的可用手段的來減輕無線網(wǎng)的負(fù)載。