新概念英語之所以經(jīng)久不衰是因為以其全新的教學(xué)理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練，為英語學(xué)習(xí)者排憂解難，深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。想要學(xué)好英語的你，怎能錯過？快來加入學(xué)習(xí)吧！為您提供，希望以下內(nèi)容能夠為大家的新概念英語學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
【篇一】
Suburbanization
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.
But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.
Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress -- conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.
This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.
【篇二】譯文
郊區(qū)化
如果"郊區(qū)"指的是比已建好的城市內(nèi)部發(fā)展更為迅速的城市邊緣地帶，那么郊區(qū)化在1825年至1850年工業(yè)化城市出現(xiàn)期間就開始了。在這之前，城市只是高度密集的小聚居群，在這里人們靠步行走動，商品靠馬車運送。
但是建于18世紀三四十年代的早期工廠位于城邊的航道和鐵路附近，而被工作前景吸引到這里的成千上萬的人們需要住房。漸漸地，在與舊有的主要城區(qū)相毗鄰的地方，不斷涌現(xiàn)出由排房和公寓樓組成的工人聚居區(qū)，包圍了工廠。作為對這種侵蝕的自衛(wèi)，也為了擴大稅基，城市吞并了工業(yè)化的臨近地帶，比如1854年費城的城區(qū)就兼并了費縣的絕大部分地區(qū)。相似的城市化也發(fā)生在芝加哥和紐約。
事實上，今天很多美國的大城市就是靠吞并它們附近的邊緣地區(qū)而變成大都會的。隨著工業(yè)化的加速發(fā)展，城市里出現(xiàn)了嚴重擁擠和隨之而來的社會壓力。當1888年第一條商業(yè)化成功的電氣化鐵軌被制造出來時，壓力開始接近危機的程度。幾年之內(nèi)，馬車就被廢棄了，電車網(wǎng)相互交織連接著各個重要的城區(qū)，從而形成了一種郊區(qū)化的潮流，即密集的工業(yè)城市轉(zhuǎn)變成了分散的都市。
此時城市中產(chǎn)階級的出現(xiàn)進一步加強了第一波大規(guī)模郊區(qū)化。 這些中產(chǎn)階級希望在遠離老舊城市的地區(qū)擁有住宅，單一家庭住宅地區(qū)的開發(fā)者滿足了他們的愿望。
【篇三】
American Revolution
The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.
Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.
America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer -- the United States -- based itself squarely on republican principles.
Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.
【篇四】譯文
美國革命
美國革命從發(fā)生根本和徹底變化的意義上說其實并不算是一場革命。這次革命并不是對政治和社會框架的突然和猛烈的*，諸如后來在已經(jīng)是獨立國家的法國和俄 國所爆發(fā)的革命那樣。
革命帶來了重大的變化，但并非翻天覆地，所發(fā)生的只是進化的加速，而不是一場徹底的革命。在沖突期間，人們?nèi)匀簧习?、做禮拜、結(jié)婚、玩耍。大多數(shù)人并沒有受到實際戰(zhàn)斗的嚴重影響。許多較閉塞的社區(qū)對這場戰(zhàn)爭幾乎一無所知。
美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭宣布了三個現(xiàn)代國家的誕生，其中一個是加拿大。加拿大的第一大批講英語的流入人口來自于成千上萬英王的效忠者，這些人從美國逃到了加拿大。另一個國家是澳大利亞，因為美國不再是容納罪犯和欠債者的國度了，澳大利亞就變成了一個懲治罪犯的殖民地。第三個國家就是美國，它完全建立在共和原則基礎(chǔ)上。
然而即使政治上的*也不如人們可能想象的那樣具有革命性。在一些州，特別是康涅狄格和羅德島，戰(zhàn)爭基本上只是承認了已經(jīng)存在的殖民地的自治。四處被驅(qū)逐的英國官員都被本土的統(tǒng)治階級所替代，這個統(tǒng)治階級迅速地尋求地方權(quán)力機關(guān)來替代國王和議會。