以下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一些區(qū)別由整理發(fā)布,歡迎閱讀參考!更多相關(guān)訊息請(qǐng)關(guān)注!
過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
從用法上說(shuō),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前(即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。但有時(shí)某個(gè)動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,但卻也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí),如:
(1) 當(dāng)幾個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用and, then, but等連接,且按照動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序表達(dá)時(shí),幾個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用一般過(guò)去:
I bought a radio but lost it. 我買(mǎi)了一部收音機(jī),但丟了。
Very soon she apologized and left. 不久她表示了歉意就走了。
He retired and wrote his memoirs. 他退休了,撰寫(xiě)了他的回憶錄。
He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身來(lái),拿起外套,然后就出去了。
The little girl alternately sulked and made scenes. 這小姑娘一會(huì)兒生悶氣,一會(huì)兒和人吵架。
(2) 由after, before, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,由于這些連詞已經(jīng)清楚地表明了主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后順序,所以對(duì)于先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示:
I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把這消息告訴了他們。
As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我剛把電話一放下,它又響了。
(3) 在一定的語(yǔ)境中,表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)想法或打算的過(guò)去完成時(shí)也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示:
He hoped to come with us, but he was too busy. 他本想同我們一起來(lái)的,但他太忙了。
I thought I could go, but I can’t. 我原認(rèn)為我能去,但我(現(xiàn)在)去不了。
【注】若沒(méi)有明確的語(yǔ)境,則宜用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,否則可能有歧義,如說(shuō)I hoped to pass the examination. 它只表明過(guò)去想通過(guò)考試,但并未說(shuō)明通過(guò)與否。如說(shuō) I had hoped to pass the examination,則表示過(guò)去想通過(guò)考試,但實(shí)際上未通過(guò)。不過(guò)在過(guò)去式后接不定式的完成式也可明確表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,如 I hoped to have passed the examination。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
從用法上說(shuō),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前(即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。但有時(shí)某個(gè)動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,但卻也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí),如:
(1) 當(dāng)幾個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用and, then, but等連接,且按照動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序表達(dá)時(shí),幾個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用一般過(guò)去:
I bought a radio but lost it. 我買(mǎi)了一部收音機(jī),但丟了。
Very soon she apologized and left. 不久她表示了歉意就走了。
He retired and wrote his memoirs. 他退休了,撰寫(xiě)了他的回憶錄。
He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身來(lái),拿起外套,然后就出去了。
The little girl alternately sulked and made scenes. 這小姑娘一會(huì)兒生悶氣,一會(huì)兒和人吵架。
(2) 由after, before, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,由于這些連詞已經(jīng)清楚地表明了主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后順序,所以對(duì)于先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示:
I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把這消息告訴了他們。
As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我剛把電話一放下,它又響了。
(3) 在一定的語(yǔ)境中,表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)想法或打算的過(guò)去完成時(shí)也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示:
He hoped to come with us, but he was too busy. 他本想同我們一起來(lái)的,但他太忙了。
I thought I could go, but I can’t. 我原認(rèn)為我能去,但我(現(xiàn)在)去不了。
【注】若沒(méi)有明確的語(yǔ)境,則宜用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,否則可能有歧義,如說(shuō)I hoped to pass the examination. 它只表明過(guò)去想通過(guò)考試,但并未說(shuō)明通過(guò)與否。如說(shuō) I had hoped to pass the examination,則表示過(guò)去想通過(guò)考試,但實(shí)際上未通過(guò)。不過(guò)在過(guò)去式后接不定式的完成式也可明確表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,如 I hoped to have passed the examination。