在英語中，還有很多其他詞類構(gòu)成的名詞，如形容詞、動詞的-ing形式和-ed形式、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、表示抽象意義的動作名詞等。
1.名詞化的特征
所謂名詞化指的是其他非名詞類的詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的情況。名詞化的名詞有其自己的特征，主要表現(xiàn)在以下四個方面:
(1)泛指一類人或事物
the rich富人
the wounded傷員
(2)表示抽象的概念
feeling情感
thinking思想、思維
(3)表示動作
have a swim去游泳
make a study學習、研究
(4)表示特殊含義
a somebody重要的人物
a something重要的東西
2.各種形式的名詞化
英語中名詞化的形式主要有如下幾種:
(1)the+形容詞
“the+形容詞”常表示一類人或一類事。這樣的名詞作主語時謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式。常見的有:
the new新生事物
the old陳舊的事物、老年人
the rich富人
the poor窮人
the blind盲人
the deaf聾啞人
the dead死的人
(2)the+動詞的-ed形式
the wounded傷員
the unknown未知之人或事
the aged老年人
the beloved心愛的人
the killed被殺害的人
the learned有學問的人
(3)動詞的-ing形式
the dying奄奄一息的人
feeling情感
suffering苦難
thinking思維
(4)基數(shù)詞
in one‘s fifties在某人五十幾歲時
in threes and fours三三兩兩的
at sixes and sevens亂七八糟，不和
(5)序數(shù)詞
come out first獲得第一名
from the first從第一個開始
need a third in the game三缺一
(6)具有動作意義的名詞
have a look看一看
have a break休息一下
make a choice作出選擇
make a decision作出決定
have a swim去游泳
take a sleep睡一覺
have a go試一試
(7)個別不定代詞
Jim is really a somebody.
吉姆真了不起。
The grand building is really a something.
這輝煌的大樓真是了不起。
(8)副詞用作名詞
It is dangerous in here.Keep off.
這里危險，請走開。
I don‘t want you to go between yes and no.
我不想讓你在是和非之間舉棋不定。
點擊考點
1.Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city，but she had no______.
A.trouble
B.idea
C.luck
D.time
2.What‘s your______for being late again?
A.idea
B.key
C.excuse
D.news
3.—I feel tired.I have so much work to do and don‘t have much time for myself.
—You should take______，I think.
A.health
B.exercise
C.lesson
D.time
4.There are______on the table .
A.a glass of water
B.a glass of milk
C.two glasses of water
D.a glass of orange
5.—They are thirsty.Will you please give them______?
—Certainly.
A.some bottles of waters
B.some bottles of water
C.some bottle of water
D.some bottle of waters
6.Ask the naughty boys not to make any______.I can‘t fall asleep.
A.voice
B.sound
C.noise
D.singing
7.—Help yourself to______.
—Thanks.Mmm...it tastes good.
A.some chickens
B.a chicken
C.some chicken
D.any chicken
8.Twelve______were hurt，but no______were lost in that accident.
A.person;life
B.people;lives
C.peoples;lives
D.persons;life
9.The______are going to fly to Beijing.
A.German
B.Germany
C.Germanys
D.Germans
10.There‘s ______left for the new furniture.
A.no rooms
B.not much room
C.no places
D.not much place
11.—Please help me move the table in.
—But there is not enough______for it.
A.place
B.floor
C.room
D.ground
12.—______can you see on the plate?
—Three pieces of bread.
A.How many bread
B.How many breads
C.How much bread
D.How much breads
13.—Where‘s Tom?
—He‘s left a______saying that he has something important to do.
A.excuse
B.sentence
C.news
D.message
14.______turn green in spring.
A.Leaf
B.Leafs
C.Leave
D.Leaves
15.Father went to his doctor for______about his heart trouble.
A.an advice
B.advice
C.advices
D.the advices
16.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into______.
A.fact
B.reality
C.practice
D.deed
17.We‘ve missed the last bus.I‘m afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.
A.way
B.choice
C.possibility
D.selection
18.He dropped the______and broke it.
A.cup of coffee
B.coffee‘s cup
C.cup for coffee
D.coffee cup
19.Here‘s my card.Let‘s keep in______.
A.touch
B.relation
C.connection
D.friendship
20.He gained his______by printing______of famous writers.
A.wealth;work
B.wealths;works
C.wealths;work
D.wealth;works
21.I‘ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ______.
A.wait
B.time
C.patience
D.rest
22.If by any chance someone comes to see me，ask them to leave a ______.
A.message
B.letter
C.sentence
D.notice
23.You‘ll find this map of great______in helping you to get round London.
A.price
B.cost
C.value
D.usefulness
24.It won‘t make much_______whether you agree or not.
A.trouble
B.difference
C.troubles
D.differences
25.I‘m sorry my computer has been out of_______for a few days.I have got to use my pen for a little while.
A.place
B.order
C.touch
D.date
26.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep_______.
A.words;his words
B.word;his word
C.word;word
D.the word;his word
27.These football players had no strict______until they joined our club.
A.practice
B.education
C.exercise
D.training
28.Students sometimes support themselves by______of evening jobs.
A.way
B.choice
C.means
D.help
29.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and other forms of______.
A.energy
B.source
C.power
D.material
30.Parents always let their children have their own______of living，which can surely suit both the parents and children.
A.way
B.method
C.manner
D.fashion
答案:
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.A
小編建議：如何學好英語
多聽多說，提高聽說能力
聽說關(guān)，是英語學習中又一大難題。我們學習英語的目的就是為了交際。如果聽說關(guān)過不了，就真的成了“啞巴英語”。
關(guān)于聽力，沒有別的途徑，只能多聽錄音帶，聽什么？當然是我們教科書配套的音帶，仔細聽發(fā)音，揣摸朗讀者的語調(diào)，跟隨他的語速。在此基礎上選擇一些課外練習，好是英文原版語速稍快的。
背課文是一個雖枯燥，但卻十分行之有效的方法。初中時，英語王老師就常對我們說：“讀和背是不同的，背過的課文印象深，里面的句子換了詞也能張口說出，就會逐漸形成一種語感”。多開口講，是一種鍛煉的好方法。不要怕出錯，說出的錯誤可以改，不說有錯永遠也改不了。多與同學用英語交談，一句、兩句慢慢慢發(fā)展。再有，不要管對方會不會英語，聽得懂聽不懂，也可以對他說，這樣是不是會更大膽，更自然呢？這也是一種鍛煉。
所謂名詞化指的是其他非名詞類的詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的情況。名詞化的名詞有其自己的特征，主要表現(xiàn)在以下四個方面:
(1)泛指一類人或事物
the rich富人
the wounded傷員
(2)表示抽象的概念
feeling情感
thinking思想、思維
(3)表示動作
have a swim去游泳
make a study學習、研究
(4)表示特殊含義
a somebody重要的人物
a something重要的東西
2.各種形式的名詞化
英語中名詞化的形式主要有如下幾種:
(1)the+形容詞
“the+形容詞”常表示一類人或一類事。這樣的名詞作主語時謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式。常見的有:
the new新生事物
the old陳舊的事物、老年人
the rich富人
the poor窮人
the blind盲人
the deaf聾啞人
the dead死的人
(2)the+動詞的-ed形式
the wounded傷員
the unknown未知之人或事
the aged老年人
the beloved心愛的人
the killed被殺害的人
the learned有學問的人
(3)動詞的-ing形式
the dying奄奄一息的人
feeling情感
suffering苦難
thinking思維
(4)基數(shù)詞
in one‘s fifties在某人五十幾歲時
in threes and fours三三兩兩的
at sixes and sevens亂七八糟，不和
(5)序數(shù)詞
come out first獲得第一名
from the first從第一個開始
need a third in the game三缺一
(6)具有動作意義的名詞
have a look看一看
have a break休息一下
make a choice作出選擇
make a decision作出決定
have a swim去游泳
take a sleep睡一覺
have a go試一試
(7)個別不定代詞
Jim is really a somebody.
吉姆真了不起。
The grand building is really a something.
這輝煌的大樓真是了不起。
(8)副詞用作名詞
It is dangerous in here.Keep off.
這里危險，請走開。
I don‘t want you to go between yes and no.
我不想讓你在是和非之間舉棋不定。
點擊考點
1.Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city，but she had no______.
A.trouble
B.idea
C.luck
D.time
2.What‘s your______for being late again?
A.idea
B.key
C.excuse
D.news
3.—I feel tired.I have so much work to do and don‘t have much time for myself.
—You should take______，I think.
A.health
B.exercise
C.lesson
D.time
4.There are______on the table .
A.a glass of water
B.a glass of milk
C.two glasses of water
D.a glass of orange
5.—They are thirsty.Will you please give them______?
—Certainly.
A.some bottles of waters
B.some bottles of water
C.some bottle of water
D.some bottle of waters
6.Ask the naughty boys not to make any______.I can‘t fall asleep.
A.voice
B.sound
C.noise
D.singing
7.—Help yourself to______.
—Thanks.Mmm...it tastes good.
A.some chickens
B.a chicken
C.some chicken
D.any chicken
8.Twelve______were hurt，but no______were lost in that accident.
A.person;life
B.people;lives
C.peoples;lives
D.persons;life
9.The______are going to fly to Beijing.
A.German
B.Germany
C.Germanys
D.Germans
10.There‘s ______left for the new furniture.
A.no rooms
B.not much room
C.no places
D.not much place
11.—Please help me move the table in.
—But there is not enough______for it.
A.place
B.floor
C.room
D.ground
12.—______can you see on the plate?
—Three pieces of bread.
A.How many bread
B.How many breads
C.How much bread
D.How much breads
13.—Where‘s Tom?
—He‘s left a______saying that he has something important to do.
A.excuse
B.sentence
C.news
D.message
14.______turn green in spring.
A.Leaf
B.Leafs
C.Leave
D.Leaves
15.Father went to his doctor for______about his heart trouble.
A.an advice
B.advice
C.advices
D.the advices
16.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into______.
A.fact
B.reality
C.practice
D.deed
17.We‘ve missed the last bus.I‘m afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.
A.way
B.choice
C.possibility
D.selection
18.He dropped the______and broke it.
A.cup of coffee
B.coffee‘s cup
C.cup for coffee
D.coffee cup
19.Here‘s my card.Let‘s keep in______.
A.touch
B.relation
C.connection
D.friendship
20.He gained his______by printing______of famous writers.
A.wealth;work
B.wealths;works
C.wealths;work
D.wealth;works
21.I‘ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ______.
A.wait
B.time
C.patience
D.rest
22.If by any chance someone comes to see me，ask them to leave a ______.
A.message
B.letter
C.sentence
D.notice
23.You‘ll find this map of great______in helping you to get round London.
A.price
B.cost
C.value
D.usefulness
24.It won‘t make much_______whether you agree or not.
A.trouble
B.difference
C.troubles
D.differences
25.I‘m sorry my computer has been out of_______for a few days.I have got to use my pen for a little while.
A.place
B.order
C.touch
D.date
26.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep_______.
A.words;his words
B.word;his word
C.word;word
D.the word;his word
27.These football players had no strict______until they joined our club.
A.practice
B.education
C.exercise
D.training
28.Students sometimes support themselves by______of evening jobs.
A.way
B.choice
C.means
D.help
29.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and other forms of______.
A.energy
B.source
C.power
D.material
30.Parents always let their children have their own______of living，which can surely suit both the parents and children.
A.way
B.method
C.manner
D.fashion
答案:
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.A
小編建議：如何學好英語
多聽多說，提高聽說能力
聽說關(guān)，是英語學習中又一大難題。我們學習英語的目的就是為了交際。如果聽說關(guān)過不了，就真的成了“啞巴英語”。
關(guān)于聽力，沒有別的途徑，只能多聽錄音帶，聽什么？當然是我們教科書配套的音帶，仔細聽發(fā)音，揣摸朗讀者的語調(diào)，跟隨他的語速。在此基礎上選擇一些課外練習，好是英文原版語速稍快的。
背課文是一個雖枯燥，但卻十分行之有效的方法。初中時，英語王老師就常對我們說：“讀和背是不同的，背過的課文印象深，里面的句子換了詞也能張口說出，就會逐漸形成一種語感”。多開口講，是一種鍛煉的好方法。不要怕出錯，說出的錯誤可以改，不說有錯永遠也改不了。多與同學用英語交談，一句、兩句慢慢慢發(fā)展。再有，不要管對方會不會英語，聽得懂聽不懂，也可以對他說，這樣是不是會更大膽，更自然呢？這也是一種鍛煉。