很多同學反應關(guān)于語法的問題,覺得語法弄不清楚,雅思寫作寫出來/雅思口語說出來的句子不通,閱讀中長難句太長無法短時分解句子從而影響做題速度,聽力中聽到長句子、從句更是一頭霧水。所以整理了解析語法問題,用簡單的方式教會大家語法。
英語句型—英語句子成分+簡單句
英語句子成分:主、謂、賓、表、補(以上5類為構(gòu)成基本句型的主要成分)、定語、狀語、同位語、獨立成份(把這4種成分加到基本句型中構(gòu)成常見的英語句子)
英語中有三大類句式:簡單句、并列句和復合句
簡單句:六大基本句型
并列句:四種關(guān)系并列的簡單句
復合句:并列復合句以及主從復合句
六大句型句式:最基礎(chǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu),其他句型都是由以下六種句型轉(zhuǎn)化而來,所以請務必掌握熟練
1. 主謂:
由主語+不及物動詞構(gòu)成句子,不及物動詞就是后面不能跟任何賓語的動詞,意為“誰怎么了”
例:She cried;This pen writes very smoothly(very smoothly做狀語修飾writes);The book sells very well
注:主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子不能寫成被動句式,因為句子沒有賓語
2. 主謂賓:由主語+及物動詞+賓語構(gòu)成,意為“誰做什么,誰把什么怎么了”
例:He ate an ice cream;You can put the TV in the living room
*主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子可以主被動句型相互改寫(雅思聽力考試中非常常見)
例:A famous architect designed this house= This house was designed by a famous architect
3. 主系表:由主語+系動詞+表語構(gòu)成句子,用于說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況
系動詞有6類:
1)狀態(tài)系動詞:只有be(am/is/are/was/were);
2)持續(xù)系動詞:主要有keep,remain,rest,stay
3)表象系動詞:表示“看起來像”,seem,appear,look
4)感官系動詞:feel,smell,sound,taste,look
5)變化系動詞:主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get
6)終止系動詞:表示“證實”,prove,turn out
例:She is a well-known artist;Children grow wiser as they grow;The leaves turn yellow in the autumn
4. 主謂雙賓:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語構(gòu)成句子,一般來說間賓為人/動物,指的是承受動作的對象;而
直賓為某種東西,指的是主語給予間接賓語的對象。
例:She told us a story;Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room;Fetch me some wine
*雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“給…/為…的to/for”型句式互換
1)She promised me a nice gift= She promised a nice gift tome
2)They’ll find you a good opportunityas long as you are qualified= They’ll find a good opportunity for youas long as you are qualified
3)Fetch me some wine=fetch some wineto/forme
4)Will you sing us a song?= Will you sing a song for/tous?
5. 主謂賓賓補:由主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語構(gòu)成句子,賓語補足語是用來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)等
例:I find him a reliable man;They painted the door red;Will you ask marry to help us?
I hear someone playing violinnext door;I have all my clothes washedthis afternoon
*區(qū)分雙賓語和賓語補足語:雙賓語的直接賓語和間接賓語沒有修飾關(guān)系,而賓語補足語則是修飾賓語,是對賓語的補充說明
6. There be句型:表示“有”,該句型中的there 不翻譯為“那里”,there be 后面的名詞就是句子的主語;
注意There be句型的“就近原則”:即there be 中be的單復數(shù)取決于后面名詞的單復數(shù)
例:Thereis a crystal swanon the table. There are some coconuts in the carton.
There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.
英語句型—英語句子成分+簡單句
英語句子成分:主、謂、賓、表、補(以上5類為構(gòu)成基本句型的主要成分)、定語、狀語、同位語、獨立成份(把這4種成分加到基本句型中構(gòu)成常見的英語句子)
英語中有三大類句式:簡單句、并列句和復合句
簡單句:六大基本句型
并列句:四種關(guān)系并列的簡單句
復合句:并列復合句以及主從復合句
六大句型句式:最基礎(chǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu),其他句型都是由以下六種句型轉(zhuǎn)化而來,所以請務必掌握熟練
1. 主謂:
由主語+不及物動詞構(gòu)成句子,不及物動詞就是后面不能跟任何賓語的動詞,意為“誰怎么了”
例:She cried;This pen writes very smoothly(very smoothly做狀語修飾writes);The book sells very well
注:主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子不能寫成被動句式,因為句子沒有賓語
2. 主謂賓:由主語+及物動詞+賓語構(gòu)成,意為“誰做什么,誰把什么怎么了”
例:He ate an ice cream;You can put the TV in the living room
*主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子可以主被動句型相互改寫(雅思聽力考試中非常常見)
例:A famous architect designed this house= This house was designed by a famous architect
3. 主系表:由主語+系動詞+表語構(gòu)成句子,用于說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況
系動詞有6類:
1)狀態(tài)系動詞:只有be(am/is/are/was/were);
2)持續(xù)系動詞:主要有keep,remain,rest,stay
3)表象系動詞:表示“看起來像”,seem,appear,look
4)感官系動詞:feel,smell,sound,taste,look
5)變化系動詞:主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get
6)終止系動詞:表示“證實”,prove,turn out
例:She is a well-known artist;Children grow wiser as they grow;The leaves turn yellow in the autumn
4. 主謂雙賓:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語構(gòu)成句子,一般來說間賓為人/動物,指的是承受動作的對象;而
直賓為某種東西,指的是主語給予間接賓語的對象。
例:She told us a story;Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room;Fetch me some wine
*雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“給…/為…的to/for”型句式互換
1)She promised me a nice gift= She promised a nice gift tome
2)They’ll find you a good opportunityas long as you are qualified= They’ll find a good opportunity for youas long as you are qualified
3)Fetch me some wine=fetch some wineto/forme
4)Will you sing us a song?= Will you sing a song for/tous?
5. 主謂賓賓補:由主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語構(gòu)成句子,賓語補足語是用來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)等
例:I find him a reliable man;They painted the door red;Will you ask marry to help us?
I hear someone playing violinnext door;I have all my clothes washedthis afternoon
*區(qū)分雙賓語和賓語補足語:雙賓語的直接賓語和間接賓語沒有修飾關(guān)系,而賓語補足語則是修飾賓語,是對賓語的補充說明
6. There be句型:表示“有”,該句型中的there 不翻譯為“那里”,there be 后面的名詞就是句子的主語;
注意There be句型的“就近原則”:即there be 中be的單復數(shù)取決于后面名詞的單復數(shù)
例:Thereis a crystal swanon the table. There are some coconuts in the carton.
There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.