今天帶領大家討論托福考試中高錯誤率考題，希望對于2018年需要靠托福的人有所幫助哦。
托福高失分率考題主要圍繞幾種出現(xiàn)頻率較高的題型
Factual Information questions細節(jié)題，Negative Factual Information questions排除題，Rhetorical Purpose questions修辭目的題，Sentence Simplification questions簡化句子題，Prose Summary文章內容小結題。
1、Factual Information questions細節(jié)題
細節(jié)題也稱為事實信息題，考察方向主要圍繞對文章細節(jié)的定位和理解展開。常見問題形式為：According to paragraph X, which/what/why...or in paragraph X, the author suggests/indicates...
做題方法：根據(jù)題干定位詞找到段落細節(jié)位置，然后對細節(jié)句子進行分析理解其中心內容，并從4個選項中選擇意思一樣的選項。
做題難點：考生易錯點在于有些錯誤選項非常相近于正確選項，但是增加了一些無關信息或者跟文章提供信息相反，有些錯誤選項甚至跟定位到的文章句子細節(jié)附近的句子內容一樣，但是跟題目所問的內容無關，即所謂的答非所問選項，特別需要注意一下題干，因為一些題目會在題干上做手腳。如果考生沒有很準確的分析清楚文章哪句是正確答案，以及哪個選項的意思是跟所定位的句子完美匹配的話，考生很容易錯選。
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals. (TPO1 THE ORIGINS OF THEATER)
According to paragraph 1, theories of the origins of theater
A. Are mainly hypothetical
B. Are well supported by factual evidence
C. Have rarely been agreed upon by anthropologists
D. Were expressed in the early stages of theater’s development
[以origins of theater為關鍵詞定位至本段第一句，one must rely primarily on speculation, 主要靠推測，也就是A, 主要是推論的。B和C選項跟原本相似，但是內容相反，D選項文章下文有提及，但是跟劇院起源的理論無關，說的是在劇院發(fā)展的早期階段社會意識到了能影響和控制食物產(chǎn)量的力量]
2、Negative Factual Information questions排除題
方向類似排除題跟事實信息題考察，只是做法正好相反，需要考生從文章中找出3個正確的選項，排除一個錯誤答案。常見標志為NOT/EXCEPT。
解題方法：先找出題干中的定位詞，并細讀4個選項找出其中關鍵詞，然后定位到文章所在位置進行詳細分析并匹配，進而找出錯誤選項。入手點，有些選項會以并列的形式連續(xù)出現(xiàn)，可以直接排除這幾個連續(xù)選項。
解題難點：錯誤選項有三種情況，一是文章沒有給出，二是文章對應句子意思錯誤，三是答非所問項即于題目答案無關選項。而考生一般容易錯在與第二種和第三種情況。
This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930’s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980. (TPO3 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer)
According to paragraph 4, all of following are consequences of the heavy use of the Ogallala aquifer for irrigation EXCEPT:
A. The recharge rate of the aquifer is decreasing.
B. Water tables in the region are becoming increasingly lower.
C. Wells now have to be dug to much greater depths than before.
D. Increasingly powerful pumps are needed to draw water from the aquifer.
[分別以recharge rate, water tables, wells, powerful pumps做關鍵詞定位至本段前三句，B/C/D三項以并列連續(xù)的方式在原文中出現(xiàn)，而A選項，講述內容跟文章對應信息不符，說明的是蓄水層的補水率低不是選項說的補水率在下降，而且跳出這道題看，隨著地下水位的下降，井必須打得更深，水泵必須功率更大，這是一系列的因果關系，只有A不是這個因果序列中的]
3、IRhetorical Purpose questions修辭目的題
修辭目的題考察的是考生對文章段落邏輯關系的把握。只有很好的明白文章段落是以何種方式展開的，考生才能準確得選出正確答案。常見形式：題目Why does author mention...? 選項To provide/ suggest/explain...
解題方法：首先看所考察內容所在句子里或者前后有沒有明顯的指示詞，比如句子前有for example, 則舉例子是為證明前一句的觀點，如果句子后面有因果連接詞比如therefore，則所考察內容是為了引出后文結論。如果所考察內容所在句子里或者前后沒有明顯的指示詞，則需要分析整段落的結構關系，一般這時答案往前找，常見為這段的主旨句。
解題難點：一考生容易判斷錯到底往前還是往后找答案，二考生會誤選錯誤選項內容為對所考察內容的同義替換。
Most of the world’s potable water—freshwater suitable for drinking—is accounted for by groundwater, which is stored in the pores and fractures in rocks. There is more than 50 times as much freshwater stored underground than in all the freshwater rivers and lakes of Earth. At greater depths within Earth, the pressure of the overlying rock causes pores and cracks to close, reducing the space that pore water can occupy, and almost complete closure occurs at a depth of about 10 kilometers. The greatest water storage, therefore, lies near the surface. (TPO28 groundwater)
In paragraph1, why does the author mention “the pressure of the overlying rock”?
A. To show how water can be forced deep under Earth’s surface
B. To show why groundwater is more plentiful than surface freshwater
C. To correct a commonly made error about the location of groundwater
D. To explain why most groundwater lies near Earth’s surface
[正確答案：D。在高亮部分的描寫之后，本段的后一句出現(xiàn)了，therefore。這里也是在說the pressure of the overlying rock導致的結果，也就是文章提到它的目的。其結果是，大部分的水儲都在比較表面的地方。所以其目的就是要解釋為什么水都在表面的地方。因此選D]
4、Sentence Simplification questions簡化句子題
簡化句子題考察是考生分析長難句的能力，即可以準確的區(qū)分句子主要內容和次要信息以及它們兩者之間的邏輯關系。常見問題形式：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information?
解題方法：先抓出主句中心意思，然后對應選項主句排除主句錯誤信息，接下來再分析次要信息以及主從句之間的關系。
解題難點：考生容易忽略主句和從句邏輯關系，只關注句子內容的完整性;另外句子所有意思不一定會全部包含在答案中，所以考生只需確認主要信息正確有時候就可以選對。
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities.
B. The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandon it from the oral tradition.
C. Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as useful for social well-being.
D. Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.
[原句轉折，說儀式雖然被拋棄了，但隨著儀式產(chǎn)生的戲劇卻保留了下來，所以原句重心在后半段。A是條件，錯，而且原文說rites沒保留，A反了;B和A錯的原因類似，首先因果關系錯，其次myths沒拋棄，說反了;C也錯在拋棄了myths, 與原文相反，D正確]
5、Prose Summary文章內容小結題
文章內容小結題主要考察考生對主要觀點，錯誤信息和細節(jié)信息的分辨能力。
問題常見形式為文章后一題，要求考生在6項中選擇3項主要信息。
解題方法：有些選項內容跟之前考過的題目的考點內容一樣則一般要選擇;有些選項是對一段或者兩段內容進行概括，一般常見于段落主題句，碰到必選。
解題難點：考生有時因為時間較緊會根據(jù)印象做題，進而會錯選選項跟之前做過題目相似的內容，然而其實此選項跟之前的題目內容不一致，比如跟原文內容相反或者加入一些文中沒有的信息，建議可以回到前文去確認一下;細節(jié)信息也是考生會錯選的關鍵，有些信息跟文章中出現(xiàn)內容一致，但卻不是主要信息，而是段落中的一個例子或者是一個支持段落主題句的一個細節(jié)信息。
以TPO1 TIMBERLINE VEGETATION ON MOUNTAINS為例：
A. Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. [選項提到了具體的樹種樺樹，明顯是一個例子，細節(jié)選項，不選]
B. There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the upper timberline. [There is選項對應第四段首句，正確]
C. The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds. [此選項非常具有誤導性，內容完全符合文章內容，可以直接從段落中找出，但是卻也是個細節(jié)信息，不選]
D. The geographical location of an upper timberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics. [The geographical選項對應第二段的第三句和第三段的首句，正確]
E. High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex. [雖然文章有提到ultraviolet light, 但是并沒有進行比較，選項錯]
F. Despite being adjacent to the timberline, the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures. [Despite選項對應原文的后兩句，正確]
總的來說，建議托?？忌谧鲩喿x題目時，能打起十二分精神仔細審查題干和選項，不要輕易被誤導選項所欺騙。相信在抓住閱讀考試的特征之后，考生能比較容易的取得高分!想要報名培訓班，暑假一起，可關注微信號cdlongre，領取0元試聽課，聽后滿意再報名，選擇適合自己的才是好的！
托福高失分率考題主要圍繞幾種出現(xiàn)頻率較高的題型
Factual Information questions細節(jié)題，Negative Factual Information questions排除題，Rhetorical Purpose questions修辭目的題，Sentence Simplification questions簡化句子題，Prose Summary文章內容小結題。
1、Factual Information questions細節(jié)題
細節(jié)題也稱為事實信息題，考察方向主要圍繞對文章細節(jié)的定位和理解展開。常見問題形式為：According to paragraph X, which/what/why...or in paragraph X, the author suggests/indicates...
做題方法：根據(jù)題干定位詞找到段落細節(jié)位置，然后對細節(jié)句子進行分析理解其中心內容，并從4個選項中選擇意思一樣的選項。
做題難點：考生易錯點在于有些錯誤選項非常相近于正確選項，但是增加了一些無關信息或者跟文章提供信息相反，有些錯誤選項甚至跟定位到的文章句子細節(jié)附近的句子內容一樣，但是跟題目所問的內容無關，即所謂的答非所問選項，特別需要注意一下題干，因為一些題目會在題干上做手腳。如果考生沒有很準確的分析清楚文章哪句是正確答案，以及哪個選項的意思是跟所定位的句子完美匹配的話，考生很容易錯選。
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals. (TPO1 THE ORIGINS OF THEATER)
According to paragraph 1, theories of the origins of theater
A. Are mainly hypothetical
B. Are well supported by factual evidence
C. Have rarely been agreed upon by anthropologists
D. Were expressed in the early stages of theater’s development
[以origins of theater為關鍵詞定位至本段第一句，one must rely primarily on speculation, 主要靠推測，也就是A, 主要是推論的。B和C選項跟原本相似，但是內容相反，D選項文章下文有提及，但是跟劇院起源的理論無關，說的是在劇院發(fā)展的早期階段社會意識到了能影響和控制食物產(chǎn)量的力量]
2、Negative Factual Information questions排除題
方向類似排除題跟事實信息題考察，只是做法正好相反，需要考生從文章中找出3個正確的選項，排除一個錯誤答案。常見標志為NOT/EXCEPT。
解題方法：先找出題干中的定位詞，并細讀4個選項找出其中關鍵詞，然后定位到文章所在位置進行詳細分析并匹配，進而找出錯誤選項。入手點，有些選項會以并列的形式連續(xù)出現(xiàn)，可以直接排除這幾個連續(xù)選項。
解題難點：錯誤選項有三種情況，一是文章沒有給出，二是文章對應句子意思錯誤，三是答非所問項即于題目答案無關選項。而考生一般容易錯在與第二種和第三種情況。
This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930’s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980. (TPO3 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer)
According to paragraph 4, all of following are consequences of the heavy use of the Ogallala aquifer for irrigation EXCEPT:
A. The recharge rate of the aquifer is decreasing.
B. Water tables in the region are becoming increasingly lower.
C. Wells now have to be dug to much greater depths than before.
D. Increasingly powerful pumps are needed to draw water from the aquifer.
[分別以recharge rate, water tables, wells, powerful pumps做關鍵詞定位至本段前三句，B/C/D三項以并列連續(xù)的方式在原文中出現(xiàn)，而A選項，講述內容跟文章對應信息不符，說明的是蓄水層的補水率低不是選項說的補水率在下降，而且跳出這道題看，隨著地下水位的下降，井必須打得更深，水泵必須功率更大，這是一系列的因果關系，只有A不是這個因果序列中的]
3、IRhetorical Purpose questions修辭目的題
修辭目的題考察的是考生對文章段落邏輯關系的把握。只有很好的明白文章段落是以何種方式展開的，考生才能準確得選出正確答案。常見形式：題目Why does author mention...? 選項To provide/ suggest/explain...
解題方法：首先看所考察內容所在句子里或者前后有沒有明顯的指示詞，比如句子前有for example, 則舉例子是為證明前一句的觀點，如果句子后面有因果連接詞比如therefore，則所考察內容是為了引出后文結論。如果所考察內容所在句子里或者前后沒有明顯的指示詞，則需要分析整段落的結構關系，一般這時答案往前找，常見為這段的主旨句。
解題難點：一考生容易判斷錯到底往前還是往后找答案，二考生會誤選錯誤選項內容為對所考察內容的同義替換。
Most of the world’s potable water—freshwater suitable for drinking—is accounted for by groundwater, which is stored in the pores and fractures in rocks. There is more than 50 times as much freshwater stored underground than in all the freshwater rivers and lakes of Earth. At greater depths within Earth, the pressure of the overlying rock causes pores and cracks to close, reducing the space that pore water can occupy, and almost complete closure occurs at a depth of about 10 kilometers. The greatest water storage, therefore, lies near the surface. (TPO28 groundwater)
In paragraph1, why does the author mention “the pressure of the overlying rock”?
A. To show how water can be forced deep under Earth’s surface
B. To show why groundwater is more plentiful than surface freshwater
C. To correct a commonly made error about the location of groundwater
D. To explain why most groundwater lies near Earth’s surface
[正確答案：D。在高亮部分的描寫之后，本段的后一句出現(xiàn)了，therefore。這里也是在說the pressure of the overlying rock導致的結果，也就是文章提到它的目的。其結果是，大部分的水儲都在比較表面的地方。所以其目的就是要解釋為什么水都在表面的地方。因此選D]
4、Sentence Simplification questions簡化句子題
簡化句子題考察是考生分析長難句的能力，即可以準確的區(qū)分句子主要內容和次要信息以及它們兩者之間的邏輯關系。常見問題形式：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information?
解題方法：先抓出主句中心意思，然后對應選項主句排除主句錯誤信息，接下來再分析次要信息以及主從句之間的關系。
解題難點：考生容易忽略主句和從句邏輯關系，只關注句子內容的完整性;另外句子所有意思不一定會全部包含在答案中，所以考生只需確認主要信息正確有時候就可以選對。
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities.
B. The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandon it from the oral tradition.
C. Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as useful for social well-being.
D. Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.
[原句轉折，說儀式雖然被拋棄了，但隨著儀式產(chǎn)生的戲劇卻保留了下來，所以原句重心在后半段。A是條件，錯，而且原文說rites沒保留，A反了;B和A錯的原因類似，首先因果關系錯，其次myths沒拋棄，說反了;C也錯在拋棄了myths, 與原文相反，D正確]
5、Prose Summary文章內容小結題
文章內容小結題主要考察考生對主要觀點，錯誤信息和細節(jié)信息的分辨能力。
問題常見形式為文章后一題，要求考生在6項中選擇3項主要信息。
解題方法：有些選項內容跟之前考過的題目的考點內容一樣則一般要選擇;有些選項是對一段或者兩段內容進行概括，一般常見于段落主題句，碰到必選。
解題難點：考生有時因為時間較緊會根據(jù)印象做題，進而會錯選選項跟之前做過題目相似的內容，然而其實此選項跟之前的題目內容不一致，比如跟原文內容相反或者加入一些文中沒有的信息，建議可以回到前文去確認一下;細節(jié)信息也是考生會錯選的關鍵，有些信息跟文章中出現(xiàn)內容一致，但卻不是主要信息，而是段落中的一個例子或者是一個支持段落主題句的一個細節(jié)信息。
以TPO1 TIMBERLINE VEGETATION ON MOUNTAINS為例：
A. Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. [選項提到了具體的樹種樺樹，明顯是一個例子，細節(jié)選項，不選]
B. There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the upper timberline. [There is選項對應第四段首句，正確]
C. The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds. [此選項非常具有誤導性，內容完全符合文章內容，可以直接從段落中找出，但是卻也是個細節(jié)信息，不選]
D. The geographical location of an upper timberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics. [The geographical選項對應第二段的第三句和第三段的首句，正確]
E. High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex. [雖然文章有提到ultraviolet light, 但是并沒有進行比較，選項錯]
F. Despite being adjacent to the timberline, the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures. [Despite選項對應原文的后兩句，正確]
總的來說，建議托?？忌谧鲩喿x題目時，能打起十二分精神仔細審查題干和選項，不要輕易被誤導選項所欺騙。相信在抓住閱讀考試的特征之后，考生能比較容易的取得高分!想要報名培訓班，暑假一起，可關注微信號cdlongre，領取0元試聽課，聽后滿意再報名，選擇適合自己的才是好的！