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在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一些初學(xué)者常碰到大量易混淆的同義詞，下面就幾組常用的動(dòng)詞加以比較。
1. rise，raise，arise，arouse
“rise” 是不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為rose，過(guò)去分詞為risen，其基本詞義“上升，上漲”。
● The sun rises in the east.
● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，“舉起，提高”。
● He raised his voice to make himself heard.
● The boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為arose，過(guò)去分詞arisen，其語(yǔ)義為“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生” 。
● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為aroused，其語(yǔ)義為“喚醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人喚醒
arouse suspicion
引起懷疑
2. lay，lie，lie
“l(fā)ay”及物動(dòng)詞，“放置，生蛋”，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為 “l(fā)aid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.
“l(fā)ie”不及物動(dòng)詞“位于，平躺”，過(guò)去式為“l(fā)ay”過(guò)去分詞 “l(fā)ain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
“l(fā)ie”及物動(dòng)詞“說(shuō)謊”，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat
“sit”不及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物動(dòng)詞，“使就坐”“容納”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect
“affect” 及物動(dòng)詞，“對(duì)……有影響，感動(dòng)，觸及”
The relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物動(dòng)詞， “導(dǎo)致，造成，帶來(lái)(變化)，產(chǎn)生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
當(dāng) hang過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為 “hanged”，其含義是“絞死”;而當(dāng)hang的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞為“hung”時(shí)，其含義是“懸掛”。
The man was hanged for murder. He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend “borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“l(fā)end”(lent, lent) 借出 “l(fā)end sb. sth” 或 “l(fā)end sth. To sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物動(dòng)詞“拿走”
8. receive，accept
“receive” 客觀上收到
“accept” 主觀上愿意接受
I received his gift, but I wouldn't like to accept it.
9. fit, suit“適合”
“fit” 指“尺寸”的適合
“suit” 指“款式，花樣等”的適合
The dress doesn't fit me. It is too long.
Blue is the color that suits her well.
10. answer，reply “回答”
“answer” — vt.
“reply” — vi 須和 “to”連用
“you needn't know it.” He answered.
So far, they haven't answered / replied to our questions.
11. spend, cost, take “花費(fèi)”
“spend” (spent, spent) 花“時(shí)間，金錢”主語(yǔ)須是人。
He spend 5 hours writing the article.
“cost” (cost, cost) 花費(fèi)“金錢，時(shí)間，勞力”可接雙賓，主語(yǔ)須是“物”
The book cost me $20 and 2 days.
“take” 通常指花“時(shí)間”主語(yǔ)須是“某種事情”
It takes me 20 minuter to go to school.
The work took me longer than I expected.
12. assure，ensure
“assure” 使放心 assure sb. of sth.
assure sb. that...
I can assure you of my honesty.
“ensure” 保證 ensure sth.(其后不能接人稱)
ensure that
ensure doing sth.
I can ensure his safety.
He ensured that he finished the job in time.
He ensured coming back later.
百分重點(diǎn)：如ensure 含義為“保護(hù)，使安全”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
ensure sb from / against sth.
He ensured the boy from drowning.
13. beat, defeat, win — vt.
“beat” (beat, beaten) 戰(zhàn)勝，打敗比賽，辯論中的對(duì)手
He beat John at chess yesterday.
“defeat”“擊敗”敵軍，入侵者，整個(gè)球隊(duì)
They defeated the enemy in that battle.
“win” (won, won)“贏得比賽”win over sb.(贏了某人)
The football team won the match.
14. damage，destroy，hurt，spoil，wound，injure.
以上六個(gè)詞中，“hurt” 可作及物，不及物動(dòng)詞外，其余五個(gè)均為及物動(dòng)詞。
“damage” —— 損壞(害)(有修復(fù)的可能性)
“destroy” —— 摧毀，打破(希望，計(jì)劃)毀滅(無(wú)修復(fù)的可能性)
“hurt”
—— 傷害(感情或身體某一部位)痛疼
“spoil” —— 破壞，糟蹋(晚會(huì)，旅游，參觀等)寵愛，慣懷(孩子)
“wound” —— 使受傷(槍傷，刀傷)
“injure” —— 使受傷
e.g. Don't spoil your son too much.
The man has destroyed the girl's life all her hopes.
Some houses were damaged in the earthquake.
I don't mean to hurt you.
He was injured in the accident.
It was dangerous because he was wounded seriously in the war.