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此獨(dú)立形式只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ)，而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，又稱之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ)，否則語(yǔ)意不通。(定義有點(diǎn)費(fèi)解，多看幾遍)
示例：
Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.
Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.
(1) 獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間，理由，條件，伴隨狀態(tài)等
He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.
= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.
Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
School being over, the boys went home.
= When school was over, the boys went home.
The sun having set, we arrived at the station.
= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.
王牌重點(diǎn)：當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you時(shí)，主語(yǔ)可省略，此用法常用于下列表達(dá)方式中：
generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)
talking of ... 談到
speaking of ... 說(shuō)到
judging from ... 由……來(lái)判斷
taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)
considering ... 考慮到……
[示例]：
If we judge from his face, he must be ill.
= Judging from his face, he must be ill.
He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.
= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.
(2)with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式之一。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)(表示原因，方式，伴隨等)和定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)緊隨被修飾名詞后。
1.with+ 名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)：
The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.
The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.
2.with + 名詞 + adj.
with the door open, he left the classroom.
3.with + 名詞 + adv.
With the gloves off, she felt cold.
With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.
4.with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))
with + 名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng))
Withthe guide leading us, we got to the village.
The boy was crying with the vase broken.
5.with + 名詞 + 不定式
With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.