英語定語從句中關(guān)系詞 where、why、when與which的用法

字號(hào):

定語從句在復(fù)合句中起定語作用,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,有時(shí)也修飾一個(gè)句子,被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在句中充當(dāng)某一成分的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。正確選用先行詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的關(guān)鍵。以下內(nèi)容由整理發(fā)布,歡迎閱讀參考!更多相關(guān)訊息請關(guān)注!
    This is the place where(in which)he was born.
    這句話中, where he was born是從句,the place是先行詞,定語從句修飾先行詞the place,“這是他出生的地方”。where是關(guān)系副詞,在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。因?yàn)閺木淙鄙贍钫Z,所以由where充當(dāng),相當(dāng)于 he was born in the place.
    如果where是地點(diǎn)狀語,when和why則分別作時(shí)間狀語和原因狀語。
    Which在從句中作主語或賓語,指物,常可與that替換使用,作賓語時(shí)也可以省略。which作賓語時(shí),根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系,選擇先行詞與which之間的適當(dāng)介詞,如:
    This is the pen which I bought. (which做bought的賓語)
    The package (which/that)you had sent is about to be unwrapped. (whcih/that 作sent的賓語 )
    關(guān)系詞可以用介詞+which 來替換:
    when:in/at/on+which
    where:at/in/on/by/near/beside/next to/to /from ...等介詞+which    why:for+which
    定語從句中 where、why、when與which的用法
    1
    先行詞表地點(diǎn):
    先行詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,用關(guān)系副詞where或介詞+which;where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。如果是及物動(dòng)詞,用which或that都可以。例如:
    (1)This is the small village where(=in which)he ever lived.   這是他曾經(jīng)住過的小村莊。  ?。?)Beijing is the place where(=in which)I was born.   北京是我出生的地方。  ?。?)The brige where(on which)this photo was taken has been rebuilt.   這照片上的那座橋已經(jīng)重建了。
    2
    先行詞表原因:
    表示原因時(shí),如果why前的先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason,可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。
    (1)Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you hasn’t finished your homework?   你能告訴我你還沒完成作業(yè)的原因嗎?  ?。?)The reason why(=for which)he refused the invitation hasn’t been clear.   他拒絕邀請的原因還不清楚。  ?。?)I don’t know the reason why(=for which)he looks unhappy today.   我不清楚他今天不開心的原因。
    3
    先行詞表時(shí)間:
    when主要用于修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞,同時(shí)它在定語從句中用作時(shí)間狀語,等于on/in/during which,如:  ?。?)There comes a time when(at which)you have to make a decision.    你必須作出決定的時(shí)候到了。  ?。?)It was raining on the day when(on which)they arrived.    他們到達(dá)那天正好下雨。
    4
    先行詞表時(shí)間:
     同樣的先行詞,由于在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?,選用的關(guān)系詞也不同。如:
    (1)This is the place where he spent his childhood.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語)
    這是他度過童年的地方。
    (2)This is the place which he visited last summer.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)
    這是他去年參觀過的地方。
    (3)The reason why she did that was unacceptable.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語)
    她做那件事的理由是不可接受的。
    (4)The reason which she gave was unacceptable. (關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)
    她提出的理由是不可接受的。
    (5)This is the museum which we visited last year。(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)
    這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^過的博物館。