英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句:關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、who與whom、只用that的情況

字號(hào):

定語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。以下內(nèi)容由整理發(fā)布,歡迎閱讀參考!更多相關(guān)訊息請(qǐng)關(guān)注!
    ① 定語(yǔ)從句的位置:放在名詞或代詞的后面。如:
    The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
    (手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。)
    ② 語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ):
    被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞;
    引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關(guān)系代詞;
    where、when、how稱為關(guān)系副詞。
    ③ 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的作用:
    關(guān)系代詞who、whom和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
    which指物that多指物, 有時(shí)也指人,它們?cè)趶木渲锌梢宰髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
    定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
    This is the thief (that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.
    (這個(gè)就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。)
    Please find a room which is big enough for all of us tolive in.
    (請(qǐng)找一間足夠大能住下我們?nèi)w的房間。)
    關(guān)系副詞when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它們?cè)趶木渲蟹謩e作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
    如:
    This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.
    (這是一個(gè)星期前他們吵架的房間。)
    I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
    (我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見到你的日子。)
    ④ 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
    限制性定語(yǔ)從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。
    非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致于影響主句的意思。
    如:
    She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of.
    (她一個(gè)晚上都在談?wù)撍罱臅?我們一個(gè)人都沒有聽說過那本書。)
    [注解]
    1、關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況:
    當(dāng)先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all, anything等),
    或先行詞部分含有級(jí),或含有序數(shù)詞時(shí),不能用其他的關(guān)系代詞,只能用that.
    如:
    All that Lily told me seems untrue.
    (Lily告訴我的話似乎不真實(shí)。)
    Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?
    (能不能給我點(diǎn)里面沒有糖的東西?)
    This is the first two-story bus that runs inour city.
    (這是第一輛運(yùn)行于我市的雙層公交車。)
    2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。
    如:
    Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?
    (你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)在角落里哭泣的女人嗎?)
    Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do withme.
    (跟我無(wú)關(guān)的話,請(qǐng)一個(gè)字也不要說。)
    3、關(guān)系代詞作從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關(guān)系代詞常常省略。
    如:
    Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to.
    (Tom的父親是我們老師第一個(gè)談話的人。)
    4、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí),必須用which或whom,而當(dāng)介詞移到句尾時(shí),則又可以使用that或who.
    如:
    This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.
    (= This isthe room Miss Li once lived in.)
    (這是李小姐曾經(jīng)居住過的房間。)