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(一)主謂一致問題
例1：我們所缺少的是環(huán)保意識。
誤What we are missing are environmental awareness.
正What we are missing is environmental awareness.
單個主語從句做主語相當于第三人稱單數(shù)做主語，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，謂語動詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
例2：仔細分析上述圖表可揭示這一趨勢背后的原因，主要有三個方面。
誤Careful analyses of the chart above may reveal the reason behind the trend, which involve three causes.
正Careful analyses of the chart above may reveal the reason behind the trend, which involves three causes.
該句中的定語從句是由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，修飾限定先行詞reason，而不是analyses，關(guān)系詞which在定語從句中做主語，所以根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，主語是單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也是單數(shù)。
(二)句子成分多余
從句法作用上看，從句的關(guān)系詞在句中充當一定的成分，特別是在定語從句中，但是很多同學(xué)在實際寫作中，往往忽視這一點，從而造成從句成分多余的錯誤。
例1：正如圖中描述的那樣，盡管他們只有一條腿，但是通過合作，兩個殘疾人跑得很快。
誤As it is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.
正As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.
該句中as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中做主語，修飾整個主句“two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.”，而錯句中多了代詞it做從句的主語，造成句子成分多余。
例2：圖片描繪了一個孩子，她的媽媽對他期望很高。
誤The picture demonstrates a child whose her mother holds high hopes for her.
正The picture demonstrates a child whose mother holds high hopes for her.
該句中的定語從句的關(guān)系詞whose相當于“a child’s/her”，而錯句的定語從句中多了形容詞性物主代詞her做定語，造成句子成分多余。
(三)時態(tài)錯誤
時態(tài)的使用是語法規(guī)則中重要的一點，不同句型的表達都須嚴格遵循。而句子時態(tài)不正確屬于常見的表達錯誤之一，同學(xué)們一定要注意。
例1：如果我們有幸通過研究生入學(xué)考試并被理想的院校錄取，我們不能從此不再努力。
誤If we will be fortunately admitted by a university, we shall never stop making efforts.
正If we are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall never stop making efforts.
從句是由if引導(dǎo)的表條件的狀語從句，要注意的是主句用將來時的時候，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例2：當父母年老時，我們逃避責任不去照顧他們，這是有違常理的。
誤It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they will be old.
正It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old.
從句是由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句“當父母年老時”，when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
(四)連詞使用不當
從句中連詞使用不當是另外一個常見的語法錯誤，考生要注意避免犯此類錯誤。
例1：在過去，雖然這個場景會讓人們大驚小怪，但現(xiàn)在人們把這看作日常小事。
誤Although in the past, the scene may arouse a fuss, but now it is merely a daily occurrence.
正Although in the past, the scene may arouse a fuss, now it is merely a daily occurrence.
“雖然”與“但是”形成明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以翻譯為讓步狀語從句，由連詞although引導(dǎo)，但是在英語中連詞although與but不能同時出現(xiàn)。
例2：這個例子有力地證明了自信的前提是知己知彼，因為無知會帶來無限的畏懼。
誤This case effectively clarifies that being aware of our abilities and the situation is the purpose of being confident because of fear always springs from ignorance.
正This case effectively clarifies that being aware of our abilities and the situation is the purpose of being confident, because fear always springs from ignorance.
從句“因為無知會帶來無限的畏懼”是表原因的狀語從句，可由because引導(dǎo)，而because of后面須加名詞，不能加句子。
(一)主謂一致問題
例1：我們所缺少的是環(huán)保意識。
誤What we are missing are environmental awareness.
正What we are missing is environmental awareness.
單個主語從句做主語相當于第三人稱單數(shù)做主語，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，謂語動詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
例2：仔細分析上述圖表可揭示這一趨勢背后的原因，主要有三個方面。
誤Careful analyses of the chart above may reveal the reason behind the trend, which involve three causes.
正Careful analyses of the chart above may reveal the reason behind the trend, which involves three causes.
該句中的定語從句是由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，修飾限定先行詞reason，而不是analyses，關(guān)系詞which在定語從句中做主語，所以根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，主語是單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也是單數(shù)。
(二)句子成分多余
從句法作用上看，從句的關(guān)系詞在句中充當一定的成分，特別是在定語從句中，但是很多同學(xué)在實際寫作中，往往忽視這一點，從而造成從句成分多余的錯誤。
例1：正如圖中描述的那樣，盡管他們只有一條腿，但是通過合作，兩個殘疾人跑得很快。
誤As it is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.
正As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.
該句中as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中做主語，修飾整個主句“two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.”，而錯句中多了代詞it做從句的主語，造成句子成分多余。
例2：圖片描繪了一個孩子，她的媽媽對他期望很高。
誤The picture demonstrates a child whose her mother holds high hopes for her.
正The picture demonstrates a child whose mother holds high hopes for her.
該句中的定語從句的關(guān)系詞whose相當于“a child’s/her”，而錯句的定語從句中多了形容詞性物主代詞her做定語，造成句子成分多余。
(三)時態(tài)錯誤
時態(tài)的使用是語法規(guī)則中重要的一點，不同句型的表達都須嚴格遵循。而句子時態(tài)不正確屬于常見的表達錯誤之一，同學(xué)們一定要注意。
例1：如果我們有幸通過研究生入學(xué)考試并被理想的院校錄取，我們不能從此不再努力。
誤If we will be fortunately admitted by a university, we shall never stop making efforts.
正If we are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall never stop making efforts.
從句是由if引導(dǎo)的表條件的狀語從句，要注意的是主句用將來時的時候，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例2：當父母年老時，我們逃避責任不去照顧他們，這是有違常理的。
誤It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they will be old.
正It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old.
從句是由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句“當父母年老時”，when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
(四)連詞使用不當
從句中連詞使用不當是另外一個常見的語法錯誤，考生要注意避免犯此類錯誤。
例1：在過去，雖然這個場景會讓人們大驚小怪，但現(xiàn)在人們把這看作日常小事。
誤Although in the past, the scene may arouse a fuss, but now it is merely a daily occurrence.
正Although in the past, the scene may arouse a fuss, now it is merely a daily occurrence.
“雖然”與“但是”形成明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以翻譯為讓步狀語從句，由連詞although引導(dǎo)，但是在英語中連詞although與but不能同時出現(xiàn)。
例2：這個例子有力地證明了自信的前提是知己知彼，因為無知會帶來無限的畏懼。
誤This case effectively clarifies that being aware of our abilities and the situation is the purpose of being confident because of fear always springs from ignorance.
正This case effectively clarifies that being aware of our abilities and the situation is the purpose of being confident, because fear always springs from ignorance.
從句“因為無知會帶來無限的畏懼”是表原因的狀語從句，可由because引導(dǎo)，而because of后面須加名詞，不能加句子。