2018年成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試:常用英語(yǔ)慣用語(yǔ)辨析

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    為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備2018年成人英語(yǔ)考試,整理了相關(guān)考點(diǎn)《2018年成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試:常用英語(yǔ)慣用語(yǔ)辨析》一文,希望有助于考生全面系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)考試!
    (1)no standing與free-standing:
    no standing意思是不準(zhǔn)在此停車(即使司機(jī)還在車上也不行),也就是"don't stop"或"no car at all",通常用在大城市交通十分擁擠的地方。至于"no parking",意思也是不準(zhǔn)在此停車,但司機(jī)還可以坐在車?yán)镆欢螘r(shí)間,必要時(shí),可隨時(shí)移動(dòng)車子,也就是"you may stay in your car for a short period of time"。例如:
    In New York City there are many"no standing"signs posted on the streets.
    在紐約市,路上有許多"不準(zhǔn)停車"的牌子。
    "No parking"signs sprang up around the school campus in America.
    美國(guó)校園里出現(xiàn)一些"不準(zhǔn)停車"的路牌。
    但是free-standing(adj,in dividual or separate building for a specific purpose),意思是獨(dú)立式的,多指為特別用途而蓋的單獨(dú)建筑物或指一大建筑物的某種裝飾。例如:
    There is a new free-standing restaurant near the down town area.
    在市中心區(qū)附近有座新的獨(dú)立餐館。
    (2)break the house與 housebreak:
    housebreak(to train pets to live proper hygiene at home)是指訓(xùn)練狗、貓等寵物,使其能在指定的地點(diǎn)大、小便,以保持家里的衛(wèi)生。例如:
    Pet owners should housebreak their dogs and cats.
    寵物主人應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練狗貓的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。
    但是"break the house"的意思是damage the house。例如:
    Accidentally, he broke the house by backing up his car.
    他倒車時(shí),意外碰壞了房子。
    (3)kick off 與 tip off:
    kick off(officially start or beg in something)(有時(shí)也指球賽)意思是指任何事情的正式開(kāi)始。例如:
    Our school has recently kicked off a mass fundraising campaign.
    我們學(xué)校最近發(fā)起一次大規(guī)模的籌款運(yùn)動(dòng)。
    但是,tip off(the beginning of official basketball game)雖然也指開(kāi)始,不過(guò)多半是指籃球開(kāi)賽前,裁判開(kāi)球讓兩邊球員爭(zhēng)球。例如:
    The players tipped off the basketball game at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.
    籃球賽于昨天下午兩點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。
    to tip somebody off(to inform somebody)意思是通知某人。
    (4)in line與on the line:
    in line有許多意義,但最常見(jiàn)的意思是服從,不越軌,或按次序(obey,con trol or in the order)。例如:
    The government is trying to keep the price of gas in line.
    政府正設(shè)法控制汽油的價(jià)格。反之,out of line就是出格,不妥或舉止不當(dāng)。例如:
    His opinions are out of line with reality.
    他的意見(jiàn)是不合實(shí)際的。然而,(something)on the line意思又是"以某種事物為賭注或冒險(xiǎn)"。例如:
    Many police have put their lives on the line.
    許多警察都冒著生命的危險(xiǎn)。
    If you continue to be hostile toward me, our friendship will be on the line.
    假如你繼續(xù)與我敵對(duì),我們的友誼就有危險(xiǎn)。
    on-line指自動(dòng)化,電腦化。例如:
    All the libraries in the U.S.are on- line.美國(guó)所有圖書(shū)館都是電腦化。
    (5)gifted child與exceptional child:
    gifted child一般是指IQ很高的孩子;美國(guó)中、小學(xué)也有g(shù)ifted and talented program(簡(jiǎn)稱G and T program),現(xiàn)在也叫 magnet program。但是exceptional child是指特殊兒童,可能是指IQ很高,
    也可能指 low IQ,除非在句子里特別說(shuō)明,否則一般老外倒認(rèn)為是智商較低或retarded child。例如:
    There are many gifted children in her class.
    她班上有很多智商很高的孩子。
    注:美國(guó)政府對(duì)低能孩子的教育,反而十分重視,因?yàn)檎M湍軐W(xué)生也能成為社會(huì)有用的份子。
    They can be more productive members of society.
    (6)block out與black out:
    to block out(to plan something ahead)意思是草擬大綱或訂出某種計(jì)劃。例如:
    Her boss prefers her to block out her annual vacation time.
    老板要她訂出每年度假的時(shí)間。
    但是black out的意思,多半是指停電(no electricity)。例如:
    This block was blacked out for hours last night.
    這個(gè)街區(qū)昨晚停電幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
    California has experienced many black-outs this year.
    今年加州多次停電。
    (7)off course與of course:
    off course(out of line or in a wrong direction ;not in the designated area)意思是偏離方向或越出指定的范圍。例如:
    The ship was 200 international nautical miles off course.
    那船偏離航向200國(guó)際海里。
    反之,"on course"(right direction)就是正確方向。例如:
    President Bush is trying to put American economy on course.
    布什總統(tǒng)設(shè)法使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。
    但是"of course"意思是當(dāng)然或自然(as a matter of fact)。例如:
    Of course, we will have turkey for Thanksgiving.
    感恩節(jié)我們當(dāng)然要吃火雞。
    They, of course, are excellent students in my class.
    他們當(dāng)然是我班上的學(xué)生。
    (8)wanted poster與 want ad:
    wanted poster通常是指通緝公告。例如:
    I saw several FBI wanted posters in the city.
    我在城里看到幾張聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的通緝布告。
    但是want ad多半是指報(bào)紙雜志刊登的人找事或事找人的廣告。例如:
    If you need a job, check the want ads in the newspaper.
    He got a job through a newspaper want ad.
    他從報(bào)紙的廣告里找到一份工作。
    至于,"help wanted"是指"需要幫手"(need a helper),而"job wanted"是指"需要工作"
    (need a job)。例如:
    I will put a help wanted ad in our local newspaper.
    我要在地方報(bào)紙上刊登廣告找?guī)褪帧?BR>    (9)to tidy up與to tie up:
    to tidy up意思是整理或清理(to clean up)。例如:
    He is tidying up his garage.(desk, car,etc.)
    他正在清理車庫(kù)。
    至于"to tie up loose ends"(to finish up something)又是一個(gè)十分常用的短語(yǔ),意思是收拾零碎東西或完成某事。例如:
    I have to tie up loose ends be fore immigrating to Canada.
    我移民到加拿大前,必須辦完零碎事情。(諸如打行李包等)
    Prior to her retirement, she has to tie up loose ends.
    她在退休前必須辦完一些零碎的事情。
    (10)Surgeon General與chief surgeon:
    Surgeon General是美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng),也就是掌握美國(guó)三軍、聯(lián)邦、州政府大眾健康的 官員(chief medical officer for the U.S.public health services)(也許因?yàn)榕c美國(guó) 軍隊(duì)有關(guān),故用 "general")。例如:
    The Surgeon General was appointed by the President of the U.S..
    美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng)是由總統(tǒng)任命。
    但是,chief surgeon是指一般醫(yī)院的手術(shù)室主任。
    Normally, the chief surgeon will perform the most delicate operations.
    通常手術(shù)室主任施行最復(fù)雜的手術(shù)。