學(xué)習(xí)英語并不難啊。你還在為英語成績低拖后腿而煩惱嗎?不要著急,小編為大家提供了新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法:主語從句的用法。相信加入學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中的你,很快便不再受英語的困擾!還在等什么?和小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧!
一、定義
在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的從句,就叫主語從句。通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前,或由形式主語it代替、而本身放在句子末尾。
二、連接詞
根據(jù)主語從句所缺句子成分的情況,主語從句會(huì)由不同的連接詞連接,常見的連接詞有:that、if/whether、連接代詞、連接副詞和what。
三、that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
(一)
當(dāng)主語從句本身不缺成分時(shí),就會(huì)使用that來連接。此時(shí),that只起連接作用,但不能省略。如:
That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. (他要來我們村,讓我們都感到很驚訝。)
That she used to be a spy is known to all. (大家都知道,她過去是個(gè)間諜。)
這種情況下,因?yàn)橹髡Z從句往往比謂語部分更長,會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)句子頭重腳輕,所以經(jīng)常會(huì)用it作為形式主語來替換主語從句,而把主語從句放到句末。此時(shí),that也只起連接作用,但可以省略。比如,以上兩個(gè)句子就存在這個(gè)問題,所以一般都會(huì)改為:
It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.
It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy.
(二)
如果句子是疑問句,則必須用帶形式主語it的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
That she is our English teacher is true. (她是我們的英語老師,是真的。)
That he has been there twice is a fact. (他去過那兒兩次了,是真的。)
這兩句話如果改為一般疑問句時(shí),不能這么改:
錯(cuò)誤:Is that she is your English teacher true?
錯(cuò)誤:Is that he has been there twice a fact?
而是要改為含有形式主語it的句子:
Is it true that she is your English teacher?
Is it a fact that he has been there twice?
(三)
在形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)“It is+形容詞/名詞/名詞短語等+that主語從句”中,如果is后面的表語是表示重要或必要等(如important、necessary、a necessity等)含義時(shí),that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般要采用“should+do”的虛擬語氣形式,should經(jīng)常省略。如:
It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. (我們要盡快做出決定。)
It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. (我們必須學(xué)好英語。)
四、if/whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
當(dāng)主語從句本身含有是否的意思時(shí),連接詞必須用if或whether。但是,如果主語從句位于句首時(shí),只能用whether,不能用if。如:
Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen. (是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。)
這種情況下,因?yàn)橹髡Z從句也比較長,會(huì)導(dǎo)致頭重腳輕的情況,所以也經(jīng)常用形式主語it來代替,而把主語從句放到句末去。此時(shí),連接詞除了用whether外,也可以用if。如上面的句子就可以改為:
It remains to be seen if/whether it will do good to us.
再比如:
Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery. (這個(gè)樂隊(duì)是否會(huì)來我們城市仍然是個(gè)謎。)
上面的句子可以改為:
It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.
五、連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
常用來連接主語從句的連接代詞有:who、whom、whose、which、whoever、whomever、whichever等。這些連接代詞在從句中有的作主語,有的作賓語,有的作定語。如:
作主語:Who won the game hasn't been announced yet. (誰贏得了比賽,還沒宣布。)
作賓語:Whom you talked to just now will be confirmed later. (你剛才跟誰說話了,之后會(huì)證實(shí)的。)
作定語:Whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb will engage the whole world in war. (無論哪個(gè)國家使用*都會(huì)使全世界卷入戰(zhàn)爭。)
為了避免頭重腳輕,這種情況下的主語從句也經(jīng)常用形式主語it來代替,而把主語從句放到句末。但是,連接代詞始終都不能省略。如上面的兩句話可以改為:
It hasn't been announced yet who won the game.
It will be confirmed later whom you talked to just now.
It will engage the whole world in war whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb.
六、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
能夠用來連接主語從句的連接副詞主要有:when、where、why、how等。這些連接副詞在主語從句中作狀語。如:
When they will arrive at the station doesn't matter. (他們何時(shí)到站沒有什么關(guān)系。)
How the accident happended is still unknown. (這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的,還不清楚。)
Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery. (他為什么沒有參加會(huì)議仍然是個(gè)謎。)
Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. (我在哪里過暑假不關(guān)你的事。)
為了避免頭重腳輕,上面的句子可以改為:
It doesn't matter when they will arrive at the station.
It is still unknown how the accident happended.
It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting.
It is none of your business where I will spend my summer.
七、what引導(dǎo)的主語從句
與that不同的是,what除了可以引導(dǎo)主語從句起連接作用外,還同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。如:
作主語:What really matters is that she needs a shower at once. (真正重要的是,她得馬上沖個(gè)澡。)
作賓語:What I am worried about is their taking my son to France. (我擔(dān)心的是他們要把我兒子帶到法國去。)
有的時(shí)候,whatever也可以用來連接主語從句。如:
Whatever you do makes no difference to me. (你做什么對(duì)我來說都沒區(qū)別。)
需要注意的是,當(dāng)what或whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),一般不能改為由形式主語it來引導(dǎo)的句子?! ?BR>