在英語(yǔ)"聽、說、讀、寫"四大技能中，閱讀占有很重要的地位，無論是日常工作還是生活中，閱讀都非常重要。英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)頻道特別整理了《2019年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題：如何查看國(guó)際航班安全》一文，希望對(duì)大家備考有所幫助。預(yù)祝同學(xué)們高分通過考試。
2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀200篇匯總
Checking International Airline's Safety
You can check fares, fees and flight schedules for just about any airline in the world with a few keystrokes or a single phone call. But checking the safety of an international airline is a much more complicated task.
European and US regulators evaluate aviation safety, and the airline industry itself has a world-wide safety-audit program, but it's difficult for travelers to check airline safety when buying tickets. There's no restaurant-inspector's score posted on the airplane door or government crash-test star rating printed on your ticket.
That's unfortunate, since interest in airline safety is high. It's been a bad year for aviation fatalities, with more than 700 people killed in 16 crashes around the world so far in 2009. Many involved little-known airlines---some already on watch lists for safety concerns.
"There's no perfect solution at the moment, but it's undoubtedly getting better," said Geoff Want, principal adviser on airline safety at Rio Tinto Group, a global mining company that has its own list of carriers approved for employee travel.
Government regulators in Europe and the US take different approaches to aviation safety.
The European Union evaluates airlines and their planes and publishes a "blacklist" of unacceptable carriers, most recently updated just two weeks ago. The EU blacklist is available on the Internet at ec.europa.eu/transport/(click on "Air," then "List of airlines banned within the EU")
Be prepared, it's long and complex: 233 airlines are completely banned, and eight are allowed to operate under restrictions and conditions. Though its focus started as an airline-by-airline evaluation, the EU has moved more toward building the blacklist on evaluations of entire countries -all airlines from 15 countries have a blanket ban from the EU and are among the 233 cited.
The US Federal Aviation Administration evaluates countries, not carriers. US inspectors decide if a country's aviation infrastructure is up to snuff by counting the number of inspectors watching over airlines, assessing air-traffic-control procedures and evaluating funding and legal authority of aviation regulators. The FAA evaluation is based largely on standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations-chartered group. (US airlines are required to meet or exceed international safety standards.)
The FAA says 101 countries have been assessed; 79 have Category 1 status, meaning the US believes the country meets international standards, and 22 fall into Category 2. Category 2 doesn't mean airlines from that country are banned, only that any new service and airline passenger-sharing ties are frozen. That can have economic impact on a country and its airlines, and the threat of a Category 2 downgrade can prompt improvement.
An FAA spokeswoman says its International Aviation Safety Assessments list, available atwww.faa.gov/about/initiatives/iasa. is "one tool a consumer can use to decide on air travel."
There's surprisingly little overlap between the FAA and EU lists. Airlines from Angola, Benin, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Liberia, Gabon, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Rwanda and Zambia are banned on the EU blacklist, but those countries aren't evaluated at all by the FAA. B0th EU and US regulators share concerns on Congo, Indonesia and Swaziland. The FAA rates Zimbabwe, Israel, the Philippines, Serbia and Montenegro plus several Latin American and Caribbean nations, including Belize, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua, in Category 2, but not the EU.
The airline industry has come up with its own list of sorts, and it can be useful to travelers. The International Air Transport Association (IATA), the industry's world-wide trade group, began working on a standard auditing regimen nine years ago, and it has evolved into an extensive safety check now required of all airlines to be a member of IATA. Passing the audit became mandatory for membership earlier this year; 21 airlines didn't and were removed.
IATA says 330 airlines around the world have passed its audit. Of those, 230 are IATA members-another 100 airlines wanted to be certified even if not IATA members. US and EU regulators accept IOSA certification to meet requirements that airlines funneling passengers to each other through code-sharing agreements audit each other for safety issues. And a few countries -Egypt is one -require IOSA certifìcation for any airline flying there. The list is available atwww.iata.org/iosa.
如何查看國(guó)際航班安全
如果你想查看世界上任何航空公司的票價(jià)、收費(fèi)以及航班安排，只需點(diǎn)擊幾下鼠標(biāo)或者打個(gè)電話就行。但是，如果你想知道某個(gè)國(guó)際航空公司的安全系數(shù)，那可要復(fù)雜得多。
歐洲和美國(guó)的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)都會(huì)評(píng)估航空公司的安全性，航空業(yè)本身也有一套全球安全審查系統(tǒng)，但是，旅客在購(gòu)買機(jī)票的時(shí)候很難了解到航空公司的安全性。機(jī)艙門口可沒有貼著類似餐館檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)評(píng)分的東西，旅客的機(jī)票上也沒有印著政府失事概率測(cè)試的評(píng)級(jí)。
這是一個(gè)很不幸的事實(shí)，因?yàn)榇蟊妼?duì)航空公司安全性的關(guān)注度非常高。2009年是航空災(zāi)難記錄非常糟糕的一年，全球共發(fā)生飛機(jī)失事事故16起，超過700人死亡。許多事故都與名不見經(jīng)傳的航空公司有關(guān)，其中一些因其安全顧慮已經(jīng)被列入觀察名單。
礦業(yè)公司力拓集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)航空安全的主管顧問杰夫·華恩特表示，目前還沒有完美的解決辦法，但是情況無疑正在好轉(zhuǎn)。力拓集團(tuán)有一份航空公司名單，員工旅行只選擇這個(gè)名單上航空公司的航班。
歐洲和美國(guó)的政府監(jiān)管部門對(duì)航空安全則采取了不同的方式。