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1、What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
St. = saint(n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣)
Bernard n.伯納德(男子名)
Pass n.關(guān)口 把...與…連接在一起 connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…
connect...with 把...與某事聯(lián)系在一起
-- I can't connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
be connected with 與...有聯(lián)系
-- Are you connected with the government?
2、At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
At 2,473 metres(介詞短語(yǔ)修飾全句用于句首表示原因、條件或狀態(tài))
-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五歲的時(shí)候, 他很能干。
-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
3、The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh
century, lies about a mile away.
Found(v.建立, 創(chuàng)立)= set up(設(shè)立, 豎立)= establish(vt.成立，建立)
限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句大的區(qū)別：
1> 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)主句或主句中所出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)名詞的補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明和解釋, 去掉 對(duì)主句影響不大。
2> 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句當(dāng)中不可缺少的一部分。
1>who 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主要指人做主語(yǔ)
-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American
history.
-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious
injury.(n.傷害)
旅客很少, 他們都逃出來(lái)了, 沒(méi)有受到重傷。
-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
沒(méi)有受重傷而逃出來(lái)的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
所有司機(jī)都知道堵車(chē)的事, 都走了別的路。
-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and
others who didn't know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵車(chē)的司機(jī)走了別的路, 不知道堵車(chē)事件的司機(jī)仍然走這條路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中只能使用 which, 不用 that。
-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
3>指代時(shí)間 when、地點(diǎn) where
-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three
weeks.
他被留在了荒島上, 在那里他呆了長(zhǎng)達(dá)三周之久。
4、For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers
crossing the dangerous Pass.
Life(n.生命, 生活)→ lives(life 的復(fù)數(shù))
5、These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as
watchdogs even in Roman times.
which 指代 friendly dogs
-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of
friendship symbol(n.象征)
6、Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less
dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a
traveller is in difficulty.
Now that 既然
1> 用做時(shí)間連接詞, 后面通常跟完成式
-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
2> 用做原因連接詞時(shí), 后面時(shí)態(tài)不限
-- Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
-- You can telephone me whenever you like.
無(wú)論什么時(shí)候你想打電話給我都行。
-- Whichever day you come, we'll be pleased to see you.
-- Wherever you go, I'll follow you.
-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.
7、Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to
cross the Pass on foot.
Despite(介詞) = in spite of (of 是介詞)
attempt to do something = try to do something 企圖做某事
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)：
-- There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
= There are still a few students who are studying English in the
classroom.
依舊有些學(xué)生在教室學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
8、During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by
thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
9、As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special
enclosure.
About(adv.到處, 周?chē)?
-- Don't litter waste paper about. 不要到處扔廢紙。
Litter(vt.亂丟, 鋪草, 弄亂)
-- look about 到處看 / go about 到處走 / run about 到處跑 / wander about 到處閑逛
keep 經(jīng)常和介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、分詞搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。
-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.(介詞)
-- Do keep the cat in the room. (介詞)
-- I'm sorry to keep you waiting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
-- The lamb was kept tight to a tree. = I kept the lamb tight to a
tree.
lamb(n.小羊, 羔羊) / tight(adj.緊的, 繃緊的)
10、In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反
11、The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
prefer A to B 寧愿 A 也不愿 B
-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我寧愿看書(shū), 也不愿什么都不做。
-- The boy prefers apples to bananas. prefer to do sth than do sth
-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我寧愿看書(shū), 也不愿什么都不做。
12、The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside
their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are
parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
The regular visitors to BeiJing.
13、These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm
welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
Chess(n.國(guó)際象棋) Special
1、What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
St. = saint(n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣)
Bernard n.伯納德(男子名)
Pass n.關(guān)口 把...與…連接在一起 connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…
connect...with 把...與某事聯(lián)系在一起
-- I can't connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
be connected with 與...有聯(lián)系
-- Are you connected with the government?
2、At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
At 2,473 metres(介詞短語(yǔ)修飾全句用于句首表示原因、條件或狀態(tài))
-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五歲的時(shí)候, 他很能干。
-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
3、The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh
century, lies about a mile away.
Found(v.建立, 創(chuàng)立)= set up(設(shè)立, 豎立)= establish(vt.成立，建立)
限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句大的區(qū)別：
1> 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)主句或主句中所出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)名詞的補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明和解釋, 去掉 對(duì)主句影響不大。
2> 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句當(dāng)中不可缺少的一部分。
1>who 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主要指人做主語(yǔ)
-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American
history.
-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious
injury.(n.傷害)
旅客很少, 他們都逃出來(lái)了, 沒(méi)有受到重傷。
-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
沒(méi)有受重傷而逃出來(lái)的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
所有司機(jī)都知道堵車(chē)的事, 都走了別的路。
-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and
others who didn't know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵車(chē)的司機(jī)走了別的路, 不知道堵車(chē)事件的司機(jī)仍然走這條路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中只能使用 which, 不用 that。
-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
3>指代時(shí)間 when、地點(diǎn) where
-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three
weeks.
他被留在了荒島上, 在那里他呆了長(zhǎng)達(dá)三周之久。
4、For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers
crossing the dangerous Pass.
Life(n.生命, 生活)→ lives(life 的復(fù)數(shù))
5、These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as
watchdogs even in Roman times.
which 指代 friendly dogs
-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of
friendship symbol(n.象征)
6、Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less
dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a
traveller is in difficulty.
Now that 既然
1> 用做時(shí)間連接詞, 后面通常跟完成式
-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
2> 用做原因連接詞時(shí), 后面時(shí)態(tài)不限
-- Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
-- You can telephone me whenever you like.
無(wú)論什么時(shí)候你想打電話給我都行。
-- Whichever day you come, we'll be pleased to see you.
-- Wherever you go, I'll follow you.
-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.
7、Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to
cross the Pass on foot.
Despite(介詞) = in spite of (of 是介詞)
attempt to do something = try to do something 企圖做某事
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)：
-- There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
= There are still a few students who are studying English in the
classroom.
依舊有些學(xué)生在教室學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
8、During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by
thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
9、As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special
enclosure.
About(adv.到處, 周?chē)?
-- Don't litter waste paper about. 不要到處扔廢紙。
Litter(vt.亂丟, 鋪草, 弄亂)
-- look about 到處看 / go about 到處走 / run about 到處跑 / wander about 到處閑逛
keep 經(jīng)常和介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、分詞搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。
-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.(介詞)
-- Do keep the cat in the room. (介詞)
-- I'm sorry to keep you waiting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
-- The lamb was kept tight to a tree. = I kept the lamb tight to a
tree.
lamb(n.小羊, 羔羊) / tight(adj.緊的, 繃緊的)
10、In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反
11、The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
prefer A to B 寧愿 A 也不愿 B
-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我寧愿看書(shū), 也不愿什么都不做。
-- The boy prefers apples to bananas. prefer to do sth than do sth
-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我寧愿看書(shū), 也不愿什么都不做。
12、The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside
their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are
parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
The regular visitors to BeiJing.
13、These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm
welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
Chess(n.國(guó)際象棋) Special