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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.…rescue operations are proving difficult.……事實證明營救工作非常困難。
prove之后帶形容詞(有時也可以是名詞)時表示“證明是”、“結(jié)果是”：
His operation proved successful.
他的手術(shù)很成功。
What he had told us proved false.
他對我們所說的原來是假的。
2.Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the
mine. 因此，營救人員正在礦井的北側(cè)鉆一個洞。
therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副詞，所以它既可以獨立使用，也可以位于動詞前。so表示“因此”、“所以”時通常是連詞：
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.
這套新房子(比原先的)要大些，因此比較貴。
His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a
car.
他的父母給了他一些錢，所以他能買得起一輛車。
His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car.
(譯文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗號，so后面通常不用逗號)
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
我到得早，因此我們找到了好座位。(so表示“所以”、“因此”時不放在動詞前)
3.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would
have completed the job in a few hours.
如果不是因為土壤下面有一層堅硬的巖石，他們的營救工作僅用幾小時就可以完成了。
這是第3類條件句，表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。課文中還有第1類和第2類條件句的例子，仔細(xì)體會它們的區(qū)別。
4.as it is，實際上，事實上(也可以用as it was)。
I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked
on.
我以為他們會幫助我們。實際上他們卻只是坐著旁觀。
I promised to return the books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do
so until next Monday.
我答應(yīng)昨天還書的，但事實上我要到下星期一才能還。
5.…a microphone…h(huán)as enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest
relatives.……一只麥克風(fēng)使井下的人可以與其親屬保持聯(lián)系。
(1)enable為及物動詞，表示“使……能夠”：
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the
distant stars and galaxies.
哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡將使我們能更好地了解遠(yuǎn)距離的恒星和星系。
前綴en-加在名詞或形容詞前可以使這個詞成為動詞，如endanger(危及，使遭受危險)，enlarge(擴大，擴展，擴充)，enslave(奴役，使成為奴隸)，entrap(使……入陷阱/圈套，欺騙)。
(2)keep in touch with表示“與……保持聯(lián)系”，也可以用stay，get 等其他動詞：
Though he works in New York, he still keeps in touch with his friends in
London.
他雖然在紐約工作，但仍然與倫敦的朋友們保持聯(lián)系。
George is in close touch with Ian.
喬治與伊恩聯(lián)系密切。
Can you get in touch with the company?
你能與那家公司取得聯(lián)系嗎?
6.lose heart為固定搭配，表示“喪失信心/勇氣”、“泄氣”、“灰心”：
He told his men not to lose heart, saying that they would soon discover
gold mines.
他告訴手下人不要灰心，并說他們很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的。
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost
heart at once.
當(dāng)戰(zhàn)士們發(fā)現(xiàn)敵軍比自己要強大得多時，他們立刻就喪失了勇氣。
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.…rescue operations are proving difficult.……事實證明營救工作非常困難。
prove之后帶形容詞(有時也可以是名詞)時表示“證明是”、“結(jié)果是”：
His operation proved successful.
他的手術(shù)很成功。
What he had told us proved false.
他對我們所說的原來是假的。
2.Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the
mine. 因此，營救人員正在礦井的北側(cè)鉆一個洞。
therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副詞，所以它既可以獨立使用，也可以位于動詞前。so表示“因此”、“所以”時通常是連詞：
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.
這套新房子(比原先的)要大些，因此比較貴。
His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a
car.
他的父母給了他一些錢，所以他能買得起一輛車。
His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car.
(譯文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗號，so后面通常不用逗號)
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
我到得早，因此我們找到了好座位。(so表示“所以”、“因此”時不放在動詞前)
3.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would
have completed the job in a few hours.
如果不是因為土壤下面有一層堅硬的巖石，他們的營救工作僅用幾小時就可以完成了。
這是第3類條件句，表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。課文中還有第1類和第2類條件句的例子，仔細(xì)體會它們的區(qū)別。
4.as it is，實際上，事實上(也可以用as it was)。
I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked
on.
我以為他們會幫助我們。實際上他們卻只是坐著旁觀。
I promised to return the books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do
so until next Monday.
我答應(yīng)昨天還書的，但事實上我要到下星期一才能還。
5.…a microphone…h(huán)as enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest
relatives.……一只麥克風(fēng)使井下的人可以與其親屬保持聯(lián)系。
(1)enable為及物動詞，表示“使……能夠”：
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the
distant stars and galaxies.
哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡將使我們能更好地了解遠(yuǎn)距離的恒星和星系。
前綴en-加在名詞或形容詞前可以使這個詞成為動詞，如endanger(危及，使遭受危險)，enlarge(擴大，擴展，擴充)，enslave(奴役，使成為奴隸)，entrap(使……入陷阱/圈套，欺騙)。
(2)keep in touch with表示“與……保持聯(lián)系”，也可以用stay，get 等其他動詞：
Though he works in New York, he still keeps in touch with his friends in
London.
他雖然在紐約工作，但仍然與倫敦的朋友們保持聯(lián)系。
George is in close touch with Ian.
喬治與伊恩聯(lián)系密切。
Can you get in touch with the company?
你能與那家公司取得聯(lián)系嗎?
6.lose heart為固定搭配，表示“喪失信心/勇氣”、“泄氣”、“灰心”：
He told his men not to lose heart, saying that they would soon discover
gold mines.
他告訴手下人不要灰心，并說他們很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的。
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost
heart at once.
當(dāng)戰(zhàn)士們發(fā)現(xiàn)敵軍比自己要強大得多時，他們立刻就喪失了勇氣。