新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè):第51課課文詳解及語(yǔ)法解析

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    課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.…but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.……但是近來(lái)情況變得越發(fā)糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食。
    (1)things(要用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以表示“情況”、“情形”、“狀況”、“形勢(shì)”等含義:
    You've surely made things worse.
    你確實(shí)使情況變得更糟了。
    How are things going on with you?
    你那里情況如何?
    (2)get作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“變得”:
    I got interested in French.
    我(變得)對(duì)法語(yǔ)感興趣了。
    I got angry with him.
    我(變得)對(duì)他很生氣。
    (3)diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調(diào)節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時(shí)通常與on連用:
    The doctor put him on a strict diet.
    醫(yī)生讓他嚴(yán)格控制飲食。
    She is on a diet.
    她正在節(jié)食。
    I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
    我曾經(jīng)節(jié)食過(guò)一周,然后就放棄了。
    2.First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.首先,他開(kāi)列了一張長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的單子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
    (1)first of all為固定短語(yǔ),表示“首先”、“第一”:
    First of all I must see your passport.
    首先我必須看一下你的護(hù)照。
    (2)write out這個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示“(正式)寫”、“寫出”或“全部寫出”:
    You should write out a report.
    你應(yīng)該寫一份報(bào)告。
    3.The list included most of the things Hugh loves…這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的……
    It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
    里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果!
    include和contain都有“包含”的意思,但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物,include則只表示其中的一部分:
    It included three bags of sweets.
    其中有3袋糖果。(另外還有其他東西)
    contain的主語(yǔ)通常為某個(gè)容器,include則含義更廣:
    Does the bill include a tip?
    賬單包括小費(fèi)嗎?
    We're including you in our team.
    我們把你列為我們隊(duì)中的一員了。
    4.Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我去看望了他。
    pay a visit to sb. 表示“拜訪某人”:
    I paid a visit to Jane the other day.
    前幾天我去看望了簡(jiǎn)。
    5.…Hugh was still as fat as ever.……休仍和往常一樣胖。
    as ever是as he ever was的省略形式。as…as ever這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“照舊”、“依然”:
    He is as strong as ever.
    他依然那么強(qiáng)壯。
    6.It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.顯然他感到很尷尬。
    it為先行主語(yǔ),真正的句子主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句,它在句子中起名詞的作用。從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常前面用先行主語(yǔ)it,以免句子看上去頭重腳輕:
    It is certain now that he'll come on Monday.
    現(xiàn)在可以肯定他星期一將會(huì)來(lái)。
    語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
    一般過(guò)去時(shí)
    在第3課及第27課的語(yǔ)法中我們都學(xué)習(xí)了一般過(guò)去時(shí)。在一段文字中,初次使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候通常要有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);如果不加before,
    after等詞語(yǔ),過(guò)去的動(dòng)作就被認(rèn)為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的:
    One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
    一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風(fēng)暴。天將黑時(shí),小船撞在了一塊礁石上,姑娘跳進(jìn)了海里。
    與一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞是once和recently:
    I went on an excursion recently.
    近我作了短途旅行。
    recently在表示“近一段時(shí)期”時(shí)也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用:
    I haven't heard from him recently.
    我近沒(méi)有收到他的信。
    一般過(guò)去時(shí)也可以用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中:
    When did she haer a noise?
    她什么時(shí)候聽(tīng)到響聲的?
    She heard it when she walked forward.
    她在向前走時(shí)聽(tīng)到的。
    一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以用于與近的打算比較時(shí):
    Are they going to see a film?
    他們打算看一場(chǎng)電影嗎?
    I don't expect so.They saw one last week.
    我想他們不會(huì)。他們上個(gè)星期剛看過(guò)。