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在學(xué)習英語動詞時，一些初學(xué)者常碰到大量易混淆的同義詞，下面就幾組常用的動詞加以比較。
1. rise，raise，arise，arouse
“rise” 是不及物動詞，過去式為rose，過去分詞為risen，其基本詞義“上升，上漲”。
● The sun rises in the east.
● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物規(guī)則動詞，“舉起，提高”。
● He raised his voice to make himself heard.
● The boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”，是不及物動詞，過去式為arose，過去分詞arisen，其語義為“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生” 。
● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物動詞，過去式和過去分詞為aroused，其語義為“喚醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人喚醒
arouse suspicion 引起懷疑
2. lay，lie，lie
“l(fā)ay”及物動詞，“放置，生蛋”，過去式與過去分詞為 “l(fā)aid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.
“l(fā)ie”不及物動詞“位于，平躺”，過去式為“l(fā)ay”過去分詞 “l(fā)ain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
“l(fā)ie”及物動詞“說謊”，它是規(guī)則動詞。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat
“sit”不及物動詞，過去式與過去分詞均為 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物動詞，“使就坐”“容納”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect
“affect” 及物動詞，“對……有影響，感動，觸及”
The relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物動詞， “導(dǎo)致，造成，帶來(變化)，產(chǎn)生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
當 hang過去式與過去分詞為 “hanged”，其含義是“絞死”;而當hang的過去式與過去分詞為“hung”時，其含義是“懸掛”。
The man was hanged for murder. He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend “borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“l(fā)end”(lent, lent) 借出 “l(fā)end sb. sth” 或 “l(fā)end sth. To sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物動詞“拿走”
在學(xué)習英語動詞時，一些初學(xué)者常碰到大量易混淆的同義詞，下面就幾組常用的動詞加以比較。
1. rise，raise，arise，arouse
“rise” 是不及物動詞，過去式為rose，過去分詞為risen，其基本詞義“上升，上漲”。
● The sun rises in the east.
● A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物規(guī)則動詞，“舉起，提高”。
● He raised his voice to make himself heard.
● The boy can raise the heavy stone.
“arise”，是不及物動詞，過去式為arose，過去分詞arisen，其語義為“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生” 。
● His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.
“arouse”是及物動詞，過去式和過去分詞為aroused，其語義為“喚醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人喚醒
arouse suspicion 引起懷疑
2. lay，lie，lie
“l(fā)ay”及物動詞，“放置，生蛋”，過去式與過去分詞為 “l(fā)aid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.
“l(fā)ie”不及物動詞“位于，平躺”，過去式為“l(fā)ay”過去分詞 “l(fā)ain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
“l(fā)ie”及物動詞“說謊”，它是規(guī)則動詞。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat
“sit”不及物動詞，過去式與過去分詞均為 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.
“seat”及物動詞，“使就坐”“容納”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect
“affect” 及物動詞，“對……有影響，感動，觸及”
The relations between then will be affected.
“effect” 及物動詞， “導(dǎo)致，造成，帶來(變化)，產(chǎn)生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)
當 hang過去式與過去分詞為 “hanged”，其含義是“絞死”;而當hang的過去式與過去分詞為“hung”時，其含義是“懸掛”。
The man was hanged for murder. He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend “borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“l(fā)end”(lent, lent) 借出 “l(fā)end sb. sth” 或 “l(fā)end sth. To sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch
“take”(took, taken) 及物動詞“拿走”