托??谡Z之文化類素材

字號(hào):

在托福備考的過程中,同學(xué)們會(huì)搜集各種各樣的托福素材來練習(xí),只有積累夠多的話題素材才能進(jìn)行口語訴說。以下是整理的托福口語之文化類素材,歡迎閱讀!
    
    1.托??谡Z之文化類素材
    1. Should government give financial support to build museums and theaters? State your opinion and explain why. (05. 12.17; 07. 9.29; 08.2.16考題)
    Sample answer:
    In my point of view, government should provide fund to build museums and theaters because they serve as exhibition centers for people to know about the history and culture of the country.
    The range of museums is fantastic—there are museums of ancient history and archaeology(考古學(xué)), of natural history and even museums for such things as transport and crime! And because the museums are constantly holding new exhibitions, there is always something different to see.
    Theaters offer people a big place to enjoy a variety of operas and plays of different regions. Even the world's best group come occasionally. Meanwhile, the building of the museums and theaters will enhance the cultural exchange between countries.
    They are also one of the contributing factors that promote the national economy.
    That's why I think it's a good idea for government to help with the building of museums and theaters.
    2. Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? (07. 1.14考題)
    Sample answer:
    I think old buildings should be protected and maintained for the following reasons. First, old buildings carry a place's history, tradition, local custom and even some unique character. They were designed to be preserved as they were in early times. They serve as a mirror to remind modern people of their past that they should be proud of. Second, most old buildings are tourist attractions which interest visitors from all over the world. If they are damaged, they might go back with regret. In addition, tourism is always a big support to economy. Therefore, we should try to bring the funding into the budget to do whatever is necessary.
    3. Some people prefer to get information through printed materials like books. Other people like to do that via the Internet. which way do you prefer and why? (Which do you prefer, e-reading or traditional reading? )(06. 11.10, 07. 6.30, 07.10. 27考題)
    Sample answer:
    Some people prefer e-reading because it's fast and convenient. But in my opinion traditional reading is better for three reasons.
    First, paper reading doesn't have as much bad effect on our eyes as computer reading. Second, the printed word gives more comfort, enjoyment or personal touch than electronic text. I like the feeling of turning the page and taking notes on the book. Though computers are changing the reading habits, the long tradition of printed word may yet not be. Most people still read printed books, magazines and newspapers to get their information.
    Therefore, I prefer traditional reading to e-reading.
    2.托??谡Z的敘述法
    1、盡量按照總分的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行敘述,單刀直入,這也是西方人習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式。由一句主題句引出觀點(diǎn)與中心,讓考官能夠清晰地得知敘述的主題,從而打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。如果在考題中出現(xiàn)了問題,則應(yīng)該開門見山地回答問題,切入主題,闡明自己的觀點(diǎn),從而為接下來的詳細(xì)敘述理清層次以及節(jié)約時(shí)間,如果有多余的時(shí)間,則可以再增添一句總結(jié)的話語,使敘述詳盡完整。
    2、在敘述的過程中應(yīng)該合理地利用邏輯詞匯,這樣使文章的邏輯順暢,條理清晰。中國人說話習(xí)慣靠上下文去分析句與句的關(guān)系,但是西方人不同,他們習(xí)慣用邏輯連接詞來表達(dá)句子關(guān)系,如果按照中國人的思維去說英語,在外國人看來就是一堆雜亂無章的句子羅列,這樣的分?jǐn)?shù)常常會(huì)十分的不好看。論點(diǎn)的敘述,則應(yīng)該盡量在草稿上簡(jiǎn)單羅列,講述時(shí)由淺至深,增強(qiáng)邏輯性與條理性。所以,在練習(xí)口語的過程中,請(qǐng)一位外教跟蹤輔導(dǎo),為學(xué)生糾正口音以及語言習(xí)慣等問題。
    3、在描述時(shí),應(yīng)該盡量將抽象的話語具體化,不能很空泛地喊口號(hào)做呼吁,這樣常常收效甚微。西方人習(xí)慣十分具體生動(dòng)的描述,如描述環(huán)境很優(yōu)美,不應(yīng)該僅僅說“it's beautiful outside”,而可以去描述flower、tree、bird等細(xì)節(jié),增強(qiáng)生動(dòng)性。
    4、面對(duì)十分概括的問題時(shí),許多考生會(huì)覺得十分難以開口,只能讓時(shí)間白白流失,痛失了分?jǐn)?shù)。針對(duì)這類問題,就應(yīng)該將問題縮小到一個(gè)具體的事物進(jìn)行敘述和討論,縮小問題尋找突破口,這種方法也是所有寬泛?jiǎn)栴}的應(yīng)對(duì)方式。
    3.托福口語容易犯錯(cuò)誤的方面
    1、口語答案觀點(diǎn)不明確。
    在托??谡Z考試中,考生的給出的觀點(diǎn)不是很直觀,有時(shí)甚至是說到一半時(shí)才知道觀點(diǎn)是什么。托??谡Z的答題時(shí)間很短,在短時(shí)間要清楚的表達(dá)題目的觀點(diǎn)是一件困難的,所以篇幅一般不會(huì)太長,按照西方人的邏輯思維,一般在開頭部分就會(huì)明確主旨,那么如果你說一半時(shí)才說出觀點(diǎn),那么你的托??谡Z答案肯定不是很完美,所以得不到很高的分?jǐn)?shù)。那么這個(gè)問題如何解決呢?
    針對(duì)不同的題目,考生可以利用通用句式來套用。所謂通用的句式,就需要考生平練習(xí)的時(shí)候?qū)ν活惖膯栴}可以用同一個(gè)原因來講。比如:題目是State a good friend who had good influences on you,或 one of your favorite friends ...... etc。同一類的問題可以有一個(gè)共用的原因就是,很喜歡她的character,還有從achievement,thought 等的方面去講,這些都是她為什么是你好朋友的共同原因。此類方法一般比較難的話題也可以用這樣的方法去套用,一般這樣的通用句式不會(huì)讓你的觀點(diǎn)到后才看到,都開頭點(diǎn)明的主旨,這樣你的托??谡Z答案觀點(diǎn)不明確就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)了。
    2、條理不清,理由相似,邏輯關(guān)系也不鮮明。
    托福口語考試中,如果考生的條理不清楚,那么你的托??谡Z也不會(huì)得到。還有就是你用到理由和邏輯關(guān)系不是很明確的話,那么考官就會(huì)覺得你的口語答案平淡,所以一般不會(huì)給這樣的口語答案評(píng)分太高。那么針對(duì)這樣的問題考生應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?
    在托??谡Z,想要將你的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)清晰,的辦法就是舉例子,的例子來源于生活,如果考生平時(shí)養(yǎng)成了寫日記的習(xí)慣的話,隨手記錄一些發(fā)生的重要事情的習(xí)慣,這些都是口語和寫作考試的素材,考生要做的就是平時(shí)備考時(shí)的多去積累。從這些實(shí)例中去擴(kuò)展要比空無編故事要好得多。如果考生了解的托??荚嚨哪康模敲淳蜁?huì)知道,題目一般都是來自于生活,只不過這個(gè)生活大多數(shù)是為考生之后在國外學(xué)校的生活,平時(shí)備考時(shí)多積累這些,對(duì)之后在國外學(xué)習(xí)和生活都是有幫助的。如果你的例子是自己新身經(jīng)歷的,那么和別人相同的情況也就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。
    托??谡Z考試一般都會(huì)一個(gè)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間,在這個(gè)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間里考生可以在草稿紙上面列出你要說的大概框架或者是關(guān)鍵詞,說的時(shí)候就可以根據(jù)這此框架來說,這樣也就方法了許多。所以說解決口語答案條理不清,理由相似,邏輯關(guān)系不鮮明的問題就輕松的解決了,你的托福口語答案也不會(huì)得太低的分?jǐn)?shù)了。
    3、口語答案吐字模糊,發(fā)音不清楚。
    口語答案的吐字模糊和發(fā)音不清楚,是考生在托??谡Z考試中易犯的錯(cuò)誤,考生出現(xiàn)這種情況主要還是對(duì)于單詞不夠熟練。在考試備考之初,考生肯定都是把備考的重點(diǎn)放在托福詞匯上面,但是為什么在托??谡Z考試的還是發(fā)生吐字不清楚,發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)的情況呢?
    這是由于考生平時(shí)在記單詞的時(shí)候,可能是根據(jù)音標(biāo)來記的,但是在讀音方面,和你自己的的讀音可能有所區(qū)別,考生可以下載一些可以聽到讀音的單詞軟件來學(xué)習(xí)單詞。這一切都是與自己的讀音有關(guān),考生來平時(shí)備考托??谡Z的時(shí)候,可以對(duì)托??谡Z常用的一些句型進(jìn)行積累,反復(fù)進(jìn)行推敲,如此做下去,在考試的時(shí)候你就會(huì)有意想不到的收獲。
    4.如何避免托??谡Z口音問題
    只要每天用10分鐘的時(shí)間完成一篇托??谡Z小段子,內(nèi)容是一天當(dāng)中任何值得紀(jì)念的人、物、事、地,字?jǐn)?shù)在93-107字。寫完后糾正出語法錯(cuò)誤,然后熟讀自己寫的段子,繼續(xù)完善。
    不必花費(fèi)心思挑選跟讀材料,新航道的材料就很實(shí)用,至少跟讀3遍,并且總結(jié)其中的常用英語短語表達(dá)。
    謹(jǐn)遵題根本原則—生活,每天用10分鐘的時(shí)間完成一篇口語小段子,內(nèi)容是一天當(dāng)中任何值得紀(jì)念的人、物、事、地,字?jǐn)?shù)在93-107字。寫完后糾正出語法錯(cuò)誤,然后熟讀自己寫的段子,繼續(xù)完善。
    完善后,盡量做到脫稿復(fù)述出來,要求流利且注意到語音語調(diào);期間重要的事情就是總結(jié)常用口語的地道英文表達(dá),并且通過不斷實(shí)踐,不斷使用來熟練掌握這些表達(dá),為新托??谡Z考試打好基礎(chǔ)。
    5.托??谡Z26-30分的考生共性
    1.語音語調(diào)比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn),或者說標(biāo)準(zhǔn);
    2.語言表達(dá)的流利連貫;
    3.在考場(chǎng)上表現(xiàn)的自信和大方。
    大家都知道托??谡Z歸根到底還是要說,所謂的說也可以理解為“朗讀”,你可以從朗讀一些段子,文章等。培養(yǎng)自己的語調(diào),練習(xí)流利程度,以及慢慢的養(yǎng)成自信和落落大方。
    用這個(gè)方法練習(xí),建議大家要注意以下六點(diǎn)小細(xì)節(jié):
    1.托??谡Z所選的段子要難度適中!尤其你是對(duì)于可能基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)比較薄弱的考生,可以從簡(jiǎn)單的開始練習(xí),然后隨著自己的進(jìn)度慢慢增加難度。舉個(gè)例子,你不要拿GRE閱讀來練發(fā)音朗讀。要想清楚,你要做的朗讀段子練發(fā)音,而不是練閱讀理解。
    2.這個(gè)閱讀材料要有一個(gè)漂亮的音頻跟它相匹配,這樣你跟著音頻去跟讀,去朗讀。
    3.要了解語音語調(diào)知識(shí)。比如說哪些音和哪些音容易混淆。
    4.在朗讀時(shí),要端坐挺胸、大聲清晰、音調(diào)準(zhǔn)確。
    5.你在讀這個(gè)東西的時(shí)候,你可以把它錄下音來,讓你周圍的朋友,英語發(fā)音比較或的朋友去幫你聽一聽,把你的錯(cuò)誤給你挑出來。
    6.閱讀的材料,不在于你讀了多少段,而在于在讀每一段,每一遍,你是不是有所改進(jìn)。你把10-20個(gè)段子,每個(gè)段子都讀得特別棒,就OK了。