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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)lesson34語(yǔ)法及課文重點(diǎn)
重要句型或語(yǔ)法
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
本課的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)側(cè)重的是“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后的結(jié)構(gòu)“be done to do”。如:They asked me to make a speech. 這句話轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后就是:I was asked to make a speech.
課文主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 1)all week,整周。也可以說(shuō)all the week。 2)be worried,擔(dān)心、憂慮。Worried為形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞。
Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. 1)receive...from…,從某處收到某物。注意receive的拼寫(xiě)。 2)local,當(dāng)?shù)氐摹?3)police,可數(shù)名詞,警察的總稱。個(gè)體名詞為policewoman或policeman。
In the letter he was asked to call at the station. 1)ask sb. to do sth.,要求某人做某事。注意與ask sb. a question(詢問(wèn)某人問(wèn)題)的區(qū)別。此外,此類結(jié)構(gòu)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之后,to do結(jié)構(gòu)不作任何變化。 2)call at,拜訪。該短語(yǔ)后面只能接地點(diǎn)。
Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. 1)wonder,作為動(dòng)詞,表示想知道,相當(dāng)于want to know。作為名詞,表示奇跡。 2)why he was wanted by the police,作為wondered的賓語(yǔ)從句,所以其語(yǔ)序要采用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 3)注意and連接的并列句,前后采用了不同的時(shí)態(tài),因?yàn)槊枋龅氖遣煌瑫r(shí)間的動(dòng)作。 4)not...anymore,不再。
At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. 1)smiling,面帶微笑的。 2)可提問(wèn)學(xué)生為什么find要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(因?yàn)閣as told已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的了,自行車被發(fā)現(xiàn)是之前發(fā)生的,即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)。
Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 1)the policeman told him,用作插入語(yǔ)。 2)pick up,發(fā)現(xiàn),相當(dāng)于find。pick up還可以表示習(xí)得(語(yǔ)言)、養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣)、用車載。 3)four hundred miles away,四百英里遠(yuǎn)。距離+away,表示距離多遠(yuǎn)。
It is now being sent to his home by train. 1)注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be done by的進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為:be being done by。 2)be sent to,被送往某地或送給某人。 3)此處的home是指物理意義上的住址。
Dan was most surprise when he heard the news. 1)注意此處的most不是高級(jí),因?yàn)榍懊鏇](méi)有定冠詞,而是副詞,表示很、非常,相當(dāng)于very。 2)注意heard的發(fā)音。
He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. 1)amused,愉快的,覺(jué)得好笑的。 2)expect…to do,期望/預(yù)期某人或某物做某事。
It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen! 1)注意steal的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式。 2)a boy of fifteen,十五歲的男孩。注意a boy/girl of+年齡,表示多大的男孩或女孩。
讀寫(xiě)重點(diǎn)
本課為記敘文,作者在事件的先后鋪墊和承接上,充分利用了各種銜接的手段。比如,第3句以in the letter開(kāi)頭,一來(lái)可以起到承上的作用,因?yàn)榈?句話里提到了a letter,二來(lái)又起到了很好的啟下的作用,引出了信件中所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。再比如,第5句以at the station開(kāi)頭,既承接了第4句里提到的went to the station,又引出了新的信息——在警察局發(fā)生的事情。
其中,為巧妙的運(yùn)用是第6句中的插入語(yǔ)the policeman told him。因?yàn)樵摼涫S嗟某煞制鋵?shí)都是told的賓語(yǔ),但作者卻把主句作為插入語(yǔ)來(lái)處理,從而使得原先的賓語(yǔ)從句成了主句,進(jìn)而得到了很好的強(qiáng)調(diào)突出。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)lesson35語(yǔ)法及課文重點(diǎn)
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1 A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he has not regretted it.
然而就在前不久,他開(kāi)上了公共汽車,也并不為此而感到后悔。
(1)a short while ago,不久前的意思
(2)however在句中做插入語(yǔ),意思為“然而”
(3) regret v. 后悔,常用搭配有:
regret sth. You will regret it. 你會(huì)為此而后悔的
regret to do:很遺憾要去做 regret doing:很遺憾已經(jīng)做 regret that…… 遺憾+從句
I regret to tell you a bad news.
我很遺憾地告訴你一個(gè)壞消息。
I regret telling him the news.
我很遺憾我告訴了你這個(gè)壞消息。
We regret that we are unable to reconsider your case.
我們很遺憾無(wú)法再考慮你的情況。
2 He is finding his new work far more exciting.
他發(fā)覺(jué)自己的新工作令人興奮得多。
far在本句中是副詞,放在比較級(jí)的形容詞前,表示程度,可以譯作“很”、“大大地”
The problem is far more difficult for me.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。
3 He saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.
他看到有兩個(gè)小偷從一家商店里沖出來(lái),奔向等在那里的一輛汽車。
在動(dòng)詞see后面接不定式時(shí),不定式要省去to,如本句中的rush和run兩個(gè)不定式。
I saw him go down the stairs.
我看見(jiàn)他下樓梯了。
4 The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
拿錢的那個(gè)小偷嚇得把提包都扔了。
句中such……that……的結(jié)構(gòu)有“如此……以至于……”的意思,such后要跟名詞。
He is a such a person that everyone wants to make friends with him.
他是這樣的一個(gè)人,每個(gè)人都想和他交朋友。
5 While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.
當(dāng)那輛被撞壞的車開(kāi)走后,羅伊停下車,給警察掛了電話。
battered adj. 撞壞的 它的構(gòu)成是“動(dòng)詞+ed”,這類的形容詞表示“被……”
damaged:被刮壞了
destroyed car:車子壞了不能修
damaged car:車子壞了能修
battered car:車變形
battered bag:破舊不堪的包
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)lesson36語(yǔ)法及課文重點(diǎn)
重要句型或語(yǔ)法
將來(lái)時(shí)
本課主要復(fù)習(xí)之前學(xué)過(guò)的表將來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)和句型,主要有:一般將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和be going to do。如:
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat.
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
課文主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. 1)注意區(qū)分be going to do(側(cè)重主觀打算或意圖)和will do。注意be going to do不是一般將來(lái)時(shí),是一種表將來(lái)的句型。 2)swim across,橫渡。 3)the English Channel,英吉利海峽。這是專有名稱,所以首字母要大寫(xiě)。channel,海峽、海灣。
She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. 1)set out,出發(fā)。相當(dāng)于set off。 2)coast,海岸。
Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. 1)注意eleven years old中的years old可以省略,但不能說(shuō)eleven years(十一年,而不是十一歲)。 2)hope to do,希望做某事。 3)set up,創(chuàng)造、建立。 4)a world record,世界紀(jì)錄。注意record作為名詞時(shí),重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié),但用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)。
She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. 1)a strong swimmer,游泳健將、游泳能手。 2)feel,認(rèn)為、覺(jué)得。相當(dāng)于think或believe。 3)be sure to do,肯定會(huì)。 4)succeed,成功。注意如果要表達(dá)成功做成某事,其用法為:succeed in doing sth.。其名詞形式為success。
Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. 1)set out with her,和她一起出發(fā)。with sb.,表示伴隨,意為“與某人一道、一起”。 2)train,訓(xùn)練、馴服。 3)for years,多年。for+一段時(shí)間,是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. 1)可提問(wèn)學(xué)生為什么此處的watch要采用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(因?yàn)檎n文要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是Mr. Hart會(huì)一路照看著Debbie)。 2)anxiously,焦慮地、焦急地。源自anxious,其名詞為anxiety。 3)注意“swim+the long distance to+地點(diǎn)”,游過(guò)通往某地的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)距離。
Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. 1)intend to do sth.,打算、意圖做某事。intend的名詞為intention。 2)take short rests,短暫休息。之所以用復(fù)數(shù),是因?yàn)镈ebbie中途將不止作短暫休息。 3)every two hours,每?jī)尚r(shí),即每隔一小時(shí)。注意“every+時(shí)間”和“every other+時(shí)間”的區(qū)別??梢钥紤]用數(shù)學(xué)公式來(lái)表達(dá)兩者的區(qū)別,即:every=every other+1。
She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. 1)have something to drink,喝點(diǎn)東西。 2)注意句中的but前好加上逗號(hào)。 3)solid food,固體食物。solid,固體??赏卣挂后w和氣體的表達(dá),即liquid和gas。
Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. 1)school friend,同學(xué)、校友。 2)可提問(wèn)學(xué)生為什么本句話要采用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(因?yàn)镈ebbie的同學(xué)們明天都計(jì)劃好一定會(huì)在英國(guó)海岸等她)。
Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 1)注意本句話采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),目的是為了凸顯句子的主語(yǔ)Debbie's mother,同時(shí)也是為了確保先行詞Debbie's mother與其非限定性定語(yǔ)從句(who引導(dǎo)的從句)是前后緊鄰的,否則對(duì)于讀者來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。 2)herself在此起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
讀寫(xiě)重點(diǎn)
本課后一句話非常值得深究和學(xué)習(xí):Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 本句話采用了倒裝語(yǔ)序,達(dá)到了多重的表達(dá)目的:
首先,因?yàn)榍耙痪湓捴v到了Debbie's school friends,而本句話以among them開(kāi)頭,從語(yǔ)篇的話題轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)說(shuō),起到了承上啟下的銜接作用,因?yàn)閠hem就是指前面提到的school friends;
其次,采用了倒裝,本句話的主語(yǔ)Debbie's mother就被置于句末,利用了句子尾重的原理,使得該主語(yǔ)得到了強(qiáng)調(diào);
后,因?yàn)镈ebbie's mother后面還跟有一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,句子倒裝之后,使得先行詞Debbie's mother與其定語(yǔ)從句實(shí)現(xiàn)了前后的緊鄰,從而避免了定語(yǔ)從句如果置于句中所導(dǎo)致的頭重腳輕的問(wèn)題。