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Regular sleeping hours really are good for children—if they are girls.IN THAT mythical era when children were seen and not heard, and did as they were told without argument, everyone knew that regular bedtimes were important.Dream on! most modern parents might reply.But research by Yvonne Kelly of University College, London, shows that the ancient wisdom is right—half the time.
有規(guī)律的睡眠時(shí)間對(duì)兒童真的有好處—如果她們是女孩在那個(gè)孩子們被看見(jiàn)卻不被傾聽(tīng)，沒(méi)有任何異議順從地去做被告知的事的神話般的年代，人人都知道有規(guī)律的就寢時(shí)間很重要。大部分現(xiàn)代家長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)這樣回復(fù)：怎么可能，做夢(mèng)吧!但是倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的Yvonne Kelly 的研究表明，古老的智慧有一半是正確的。
Daughters, it seems, do benefit from regular bedtimes. Sons do not.Dr Kelly knew of many studies that had looked at the connection between sleep habits and cognitive ability in adults and adolescents.All showed that inconsistent sleeping schedules went hand in hand with poor academic performance.Surprisingly, however, little such research had been done on children.
有規(guī)律的就寢時(shí)間對(duì)女兒似乎確實(shí)有益，對(duì)兒子卻沒(méi)有效果。博士Kelly熟知很多關(guān)于睡眠習(xí)慣與成年人、青少年認(rèn)知能力聯(lián)系的研究。所有研究都表明，反復(fù)無(wú)常睡眠安排和糟糕的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)是密切相關(guān)的。然而令人驚訝的是，幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)于兒童這方面的研究。
She and a team of colleagues therefore examined the bedtimes and cognitive abilities of 11,178 children born in Britain between September 2000 and January 2002, who are enrolled in a multidisciplinary research project called the Millennium Cohort Study.The bedtime information they used was collected during four visits interviewers made to the homes of those participating in the study.
因此，她和她同事組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)調(diào)查了那些注冊(cè)參加了千禧世代研究多學(xué)科研究項(xiàng)目、在2000年9月到2002年1月期間在英國(guó)出生的11,178個(gè)孩子的就寢時(shí)間和認(rèn)知能力方面的信息。他們用的就寢時(shí)間的信息是在四次訪問(wèn)期間，采訪者去那些參加了這個(gè)研究的家里收集的。
These happened when the children were nine months, three years, five years and seven years of age.Besides asking whether the children had set bedtimes on weekdays and if they always, usually, sometimes or never made them, interviewers collected information about family routines, economic circumstances and other matters—including including whether children were read to before they went to sleep and whether they had a television in their bedroom.
訪問(wèn)會(huì)在孩子九個(gè)月大，三歲，五歲和七歲時(shí)進(jìn)行。除了問(wèn)孩子們是否在工作日按時(shí)作息以及他們是總是、經(jīng)常、有時(shí)按時(shí)作息，還是從未按時(shí)作息。采訪者也會(huì)收集關(guān)于家庭的日常生活慣例，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，還有其他事項(xiàng)—包括家長(zhǎng)是否會(huì)在孩子睡覺(jué)前讀東西給孩子聽(tīng)，孩子的臥室是否有電視。
The children in question were also asked, at the ages of three, five and seven, to take standardised reading, mathematical and spatial-awareness tests, from which their IQs could be estimated.Dr Kelly's report, just published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, shows that by the time children had reached the age of seven, not having had a regular bedtime did seem to affect their cognition, even when other pertinent variables such as bedtime reading, bedroom televisions and parents' socioeconomic status were controlled for.
在三歲，五歲和七歲時(shí)，孩子們也會(huì)被要求去做標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化閱讀、數(shù)學(xué)還有空間感測(cè)試，通過(guò)這些測(cè)試來(lái)評(píng)估他們的智商。Kelly 博士的報(bào)告剛在《流行病學(xué)和公共健康雜志》上發(fā)表，其報(bào)告顯示在兒童到了7歲的時(shí)候，即便在睡前閱讀，臥室電視還有父母社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位等相關(guān)變量被控制的情況下，沒(méi)有一個(gè)有規(guī)律的就寢時(shí)間似乎的確會(huì)影響他們的認(rèn)知能力。
But that was true only if they were female. On the IQ scale, whose mean value is 100 points, girls who had had regular bedtimes scored between eight and nine points more than those who did not.Boys were not completely unaffected.Irregular bedtimes left their IQs about six points below those of their contemporaries at the age of three.But the distinction vanished by the time they were seven.
但是只有在女孩身上才有這個(gè)影響。在智商測(cè)量中，女孩的平均得分是100分，有定期就寢時(shí)間的女孩的分?jǐn)?shù)比那些沒(méi)有定期就寢時(shí)間的女孩分?jǐn)?shù)要高8到9分。男孩并不是完全不受影響。在他們?nèi)龤q的時(shí)候，無(wú)規(guī)律的就寢時(shí)間讓他們智商分?jǐn)?shù)要比他們的同齡人要低大約6分。但是當(dāng)他們到了7歲的時(shí)候，這個(gè)差異消失了。
This difference between the sexes is baffling.Dr Kelly did not expect it and has no explanation to offer for it.As scientists are wont to say, but this time with good reason, more research is necessary.Meanwhile, in the going-to-bed wars most households with young children suffer, the sons of the house have acquired extra ammunition.Mind you, those with the nous to read and understand Dr Kelly's results are probably not suffering from their sleep regimes anyway.
不同性別之間的不同是令人困惑的。Kelly博士并沒(méi)有預(yù)料到這點(diǎn)，并且不能對(duì)此提供任何解釋。就像科學(xué)家們習(xí)慣的說(shuō)的，更多的研究是有必要的，但是這一次有很好的理由。同時(shí)，在大部分有著年幼的孩子的家庭所痛苦的去床上睡覺(jué)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，家里的兒子們已經(jīng)獲得了額外的彈藥。注意，無(wú)論如何，如果孩子們能夠理性地閱讀與理解Kelly博士的研究結(jié)果，他們或許不會(huì)因其睡眠方式而受損。