新概念英語第2冊Lesson56~58語法知識點(diǎn)

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    新概念英語文章短小精悍,語句幽默詼諧,語法全面系統(tǒng)。適合各個階層的人群學(xué)習(xí)參考。相信有了新概念英語,你也可以成為“大神”級別的人物!還在等什么?快來加入學(xué)習(xí)吧!小編與您一起學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步!
    新概念英語第2冊Lesson56語法知識點(diǎn)
    1.使用the same as和different from的比較結(jié)構(gòu)
    在第32課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了用as... as和not so/as...as表示比較;在第8課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了形容詞和副詞的比較級和高級的構(gòu)成及用法:
    Are you as strong as John.
    你和約翰一樣強(qiáng)壯嗎?
    I don't think so.I think John's a little stonger than me.
    我想不一樣。我認(rèn)為約翰比我要稍微更強(qiáng)壯些。(注意比較級前可加much,far,a lot,alittle等修飾語)
    表示比較的另外兩種方法是用短語the same(...)as 和different from.the same(...)as 表示“與...相同/同樣”:
    Our TV is the same as yours.
    我們的電視和你們的一樣。
    You've made the same mistake as Tom.
    你和湯姆犯了同樣的錯誤。
    有時the same可以單獨(dú)使用,不帶as:
    Those two dresses are the same.
    那兩件衣服一樣。
    different from 表示“與...不同”,different前面可加very,much,a little等修飾語:
    We're planning something different this year from waht we did last year.
    我們今年計(jì)劃做些與去年不同的事。
    German cars are quite different from Japanese cars.
    德國(造的)汽車與日本(造)的很不一樣。
    2. much與many的其他表達(dá)方式
    在第32課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了little和few的用法,知道在口語中多用not much , not many代替;
    There isn't much sugar/aren't many sweets,but you can have a little/few.
    糖/糖果不多了,不過你可以來一點(diǎn)/吃幾塊。
    (1)much和many通常用于否定句和疑問句(正式文體除外)。在日常談話中,我們通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many,而用別的數(shù)量詞??谡Z中用得多的表示“許多”的數(shù)量詞是a lot of(常被認(rèn)為不宜用在正式的場合),它既可以與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用也可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用,后而的動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞:
    A lot of time is needed to do this work.
    做這項(xiàng)工作需要很多時間。
    A lot of books have been stolen.
    許多書被盜了。
    比a lot of正式一些的表達(dá)方式有:a great/good deal of+不可數(shù)名詞,a great/good/large number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,a great/good many of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
    A great/good deal of money is spent on food.
    在食物上花了很多錢。
    A great/good number of our students are Americans.
    我們的學(xué)生中有許多是美國人。
    Tom doesn't read much,but Ian reads a great deal/a lot.
    湯姆讀書不多,但伊恩讀得很多。
    (2)在waht引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中不用much/many:
    What a lot of sweets Tom's bought!
    湯姆買了這么多糖果!
    Yes, he's bought many more than he did yesterday.
    是的,他比昨天買得多得多。
    新概念英語第2冊Lesson57語法知識點(diǎn)
    用于表示地點(diǎn)和位置的介詞和副詞in, at和off;用于描寫人的介詞in和with
    在第9課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了引導(dǎo)時間狀語的介詞in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞,如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
    (1)在表示地點(diǎn)和位置時,說話人的個人角度會影響對介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點(diǎn)和某個停留地點(diǎn)、工作地點(diǎn)等,而in則表示里面或包圍的含義:
    I stopped at London on the way to New York.
    去紐約的途中我曾在倫敦停留。(倫敦是途中的一個點(diǎn))
    I live in London.
    我住在倫敦。(倫敦“包圍著”他)
    We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
    我們今天下午在電*見了面。他在售票處附近等我。
    We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
    我們在河里游泳時簡坐在汽車?yán)铩?BR>    (2)off常與動詞連用,表示位置的變化,即“與……分離”,可譯為“脫掉”、“脫落”等,其反義詞為on:
    The handle of my suitcase has come off.
    我手提箱的提手掉下來了。
    He took the cup off the shelf.
    他把杯子從架上拿了下來。
    (3)描寫人時,in通常用于表示穿著,with則表示身上的某個具體特征或隨身帶著什么:
    Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
    昨天她穿著牛仔褲。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
    John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
    約翰穿那套制服時看上去非常英俊,是不是?
    He looks handsome in anything!
    他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊!
    The man with a beard over there is Sam.
    那邊那個留著胡子的人是薩姆。
    The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
    警方說他們正在尋找的那位婦女有一個紅色的手提包/一頭紅發(fā)。
    There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
    那邊就有一位帶著紅色手提包/長著一頭紅發(fā)的婦女!
    A child came along with a brown dog.
    一位帶著一條棕色的狗的小孩走了過來。
    新概念英語第2冊Lesson58語法知識點(diǎn)
    被動語態(tài)
    (1)在第34課的語法中,我們講過如果說話人想避免用不明確的詞(如someone, a person等)作主語,就常常使用被動語態(tài):
    Mary was told to meet us.
    瑪麗被告知來接我們。
    The window has been mended.
    窗子已被修好。
    (2)如果我們需要把話說得謹(jǐn)慎些或“保險(xiǎn)”些,也可以用被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)往往表示對事實(shí)確有把握:
    Debbie Hart swam across the English Channel when she was a girl.
    黛比·哈特還是個姑娘時曾經(jīng)橫渡過英吉利海峽。
    如果這句話用 It is said that…結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá),則說話者的把握就小了一些。用于這種被動語態(tài)的動詞除了say之外,還有believe, know, find, fear, think等:
    It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train crash.
    在這次列車事故中,恐怕有不少人喪生。
    It is said that there is a great deal of oil in Africa.
    據(jù)說非洲有大量的石油。
    It is said that Dan is the most intelligent student in his class.
    據(jù)說丹是他們班上聰明的學(xué)生。
    除It is said that…這種結(jié)構(gòu)外,上面的句子還可以變成另一種形式的被動句,其意義不變。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為There/名詞主語/代詞主語+被動語態(tài)+帶to的不定式:
    There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa.
    據(jù)說非洲有大量石油。
    Debbie Hart is said to have swum across the English Channel when she was a girl.
    據(jù)說黛比·哈特還是個姑娘時曾經(jīng)橫渡過英吉利海峽。
    Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class.
    據(jù)說丹是他們班上聰明的學(xué)生。
    后一種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語中更常用,因?yàn)樗啙崳?BR>    They say that church's old.
    人們說那座教堂年歲久遠(yuǎn)。
    It's not as old as it's said to be.
    它并不像人們所說約那么古老。
    (3)在第34課的語法中我們講過,動詞+賓語+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中既可以動詞用被動語態(tài),也可以在不定式中用被動語態(tài):
    They told Mary meet us.
    他們讓瑪麗接我們。(主語不明確)
    Mary was told to meet us.
    瑪麗被告知去接我們。
    (4)在另一種句型即“動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”中,這兩個賓語都可以成為被動句的主語。不過,由于間接賓語通常是人,所以間接賓語成為被動句主語的時候要多些:
    The film gave Sam a gold watch.
    那家公司贈給薩姆一塊金表。
    San was given a gold watch.
    薩姆被贈給一塊金表。(間接賓語為主語)
    A gold watch was given to Sam.
    一塊金表被贈給薩姆。(直接賓語為主語)