新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson67~69語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

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    新概念系列教材的經(jīng)典早已不言而喻。其文章短小精悍,語句幽默詼諧,語法全面系統(tǒng),歷來被公認(rèn)為是適合大多數(shù)中學(xué)生課外學(xué)習(xí)的資料之一。為您整理了以下內(nèi)容,僅供參考。希望可以幫助到您!如果您想要了解更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容,歡迎關(guān)注!
    新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson67語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    表示“能力”的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞及其他有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞: can/ could, be able to與 manage to
    (1)在第43課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示“能力”的 can/could。用將來時(shí)的句子中表示“能力”時(shí)通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)用was able to而不用could:
    I can't remember where I've seen him.
    我想不起來我在什么地方見過他。
    I can sing some songs, but I can't play the piano.
    我會(huì)唱一些歌,但我不會(huì)彈鋼琴。
    He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.
    他以為他能輕易地通過考試,結(jié)果他沒通過。
    After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.
    在伯德命令他的助手們?nèi)拥魞蓚€(gè)沉重的食物袋之后,飛機(jī)才可以上升了。
    Jane can't swim yet. She'll be able to swim in a few months time.
    簡(jiǎn)不會(huì)游泳。再過幾個(gè)月她就會(huì)游泳了。
    (2)表示“能力”的另一種方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí),它經(jīng)常代替 be able to。與 be able to相比,它更強(qiáng)調(diào)“雖然困難很大,但仍能……”這種含義。試比較:
    He finished the job yesterday.
    他昨天把工作做完了。(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí))
    He was able to finish the job yesterday.
    他昨天把工作做完了。(表示可能)
    He managed to finish the job yesterday.
    他昨天設(shè)法把工作做完了。(暗示他克服了不少困難才完成)
    如果把后這句話改成:He was able to watch it after all(他終看了那場(chǎng)比賽),那么他就不一定是克服困難才看到比賽,而可能是因?yàn)榍闆r有變化等。
    新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson68語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    動(dòng)名詞的一些用法
    (1)在第20課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)名詞的基本形式和作用,在第44課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)名詞用于某些短語動(dòng)詞
    (look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的動(dòng)詞(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別以及 need 和want之后動(dòng)名詞的用法等:
    I like watching TV.
    我喜歡看電視。(一般行為)
    I'd like to watch TV.
    我(現(xiàn)在)想看電視。(特定)
    The strap needs mending.
    這提包帶需要修理。(動(dòng)名詞在這里有被動(dòng)的含義)
    (2)有些動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式。這些動(dòng)詞包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:
    I tried to avoid meeting him.
    我試圖避開他。
    I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
    我就怕遇到奈杰爾·戴克斯。
    I haven't finished speaking yet.
    我還沒有說完。
    (3)有些結(jié)構(gòu)通常要接動(dòng)名詞,如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等:
    I'm busy making meat pies.
    我正忙著做肉餡餅。
    A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.
    一架狀況尚好的蘭開斯特轟炸機(jī)值得搶救。
    He insisted on paying.
    他堅(jiān)持要付錢。
    I'm interested in acting.
    我對(duì)表演感興趣。
    (4)動(dòng)名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語(即動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者,而不是句子的主語):
    He insisted on my paying the bill.
    他堅(jiān)持要我付賬。
    I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.
    我不認(rèn)為孩子們喜歡你/他/約翰唱的歌。
    Please excuse his not writing to you.
    請(qǐng)?jiān)徦麤]有給你寫信。
    Do you mind my smoking?
    我可以抽煙嗎?
    Do you mind opening/my opening the door?
    你/我可以開門嗎?
    (5)come和go之后可以跟與戶外活動(dòng)相關(guān)的動(dòng)名詞(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等),表示建議、邀請(qǐng)或敘事:
    Why don't we go swimming?
    為什么我們不去游泳呢?
    Come dancing this evening.
    今晚來跳舞吧。
    Yesterday we went fishing.
    昨天我們?nèi)メ烎~了。
    (6)感知?jiǎng)釉~(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟賓語加分詞結(jié)構(gòu),也可以跟賓語加不帶to的不定式?,F(xiàn)在分詞往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,用于敘述中時(shí)使人身臨其境;不定式則可以表 示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了或過程結(jié)束了。有時(shí)它們之間的區(qū)別不大,可以互相替換使用。試比較:
    I watched him climb/climbing the tree.
    我看到他爬樹了。(區(qū)別不大)
    新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson69語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    被動(dòng)語態(tài)
    (1)在第10課、第21課、第34課、第45課與第58課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式、它與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的連用、它在動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用以及它在過去完成時(shí)中的使用:
    Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
    近它被一個(gè)客人弄壞了。(一般過去時(shí))
    Passing planes can be heard night and day.
    過往飛機(jī)日夜不絕于耳。(與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞連用)
    Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
    有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠(yuǎn)去。(must與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成式連用)
    The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
    人們正用火車給他把自行車送回家。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
    He never expected the thief to be arrested.
    他從未指望那小偷能被逮著。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于復(fù)合賓語中的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中)
    The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
    整個(gè)村子很快知道,有一大筆錢丟失了。(用于過去完成時(shí))
    (2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)還可以用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。介詞(after, before, on)+動(dòng)名詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中有一個(gè)在另一個(gè)開始之前已經(jīng)完成,則可以用 after+動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示第1個(gè)動(dòng)作;如果只表示先后順序,則可用after(或 before)+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu); on+動(dòng)名詞通常表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生:
    After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
    在接到把車開出城的指令后,我開始有了信心。
    The man called the police after being robbed.
    那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話。
    He killed a child before being arrested.
    他在被捕前殺死了一個(gè)孩子。
    On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.
    她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國。
    被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中是很正式的用法,一般不用于口語中。
    (3)被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于 want后面的不定式中時(shí),to be可以省略:
    I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
    我希望有人今天下午去把行李從旅館取回來。
    want后跟被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)往往表示希望別人完成所說的動(dòng)作。
    (4)被動(dòng)語態(tài)還可用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí),以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性:
    I 'd like to ask a few questions about your latest film.
    我想就您近拍的電影問幾個(gè)問題。
    Not again! I was being asked about the film all day yesterday!
    又來了!昨天一整天都有人問我這電影的事!