新概念英語之所以經(jīng)久不衰是因?yàn)橐云淙碌慕虒W(xué)理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練，為英語學(xué)習(xí)者排憂解難，深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。想要學(xué)好英語的你，怎能錯(cuò)過？快來加入學(xué)習(xí)吧！為您提供了以下內(nèi)容，希望能夠?yàn)榇蠹覍W(xué)習(xí)新概念英語提供幫助!
新概念第四冊Lesson22課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all?
Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.
G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
loom v. 赫然聳起
manifest adj.明顯的
morality n. 道德
communicate v. 交流，交際
compound adj. 復(fù)合的
enhance v. 增進(jìn)
tempo n. 速率
trickle n. 涓涓細(xì)流
torrent n. 滔滔洪流
humanity n. 人類
indifferently adv. 不在乎地
grimly adv. 可怖地
whimsical adj. 怪誕的
shatter v. 毀壞
twofold adj. 雙重的
【課文注釋】
1.loom，隱現(xiàn)(常令人生畏);即將發(fā)生。
①If something looms over you, it appears as a large or unclear shape, often in a frightening way.
例句：The mountainous island loomed on the horizon.
那座巨大的島嶼隱隱約約浮現(xiàn)在地平線上。
②If a worrying or threatening situation or event is looming, it seems likely to happen soon.
例句：The looming threat of recession made them anxious.
近在眼前的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退讓他們很是焦慮。
2.take place，發(fā)生。
take place和happen意思相近，都有發(fā)生的意思，但take place更強(qiáng)調(diào)有人為因素參與的某事發(fā)生、有計(jì)劃的使某事發(fā)生，而happen多指沒有計(jì)劃的、自然發(fā)生的。來看幾個(gè)例子就知道了^^
例句：The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine.
游園義賣會定於星期日舉行，風(fēng)雨無阻。
這句話用happen就不妥，因?yàn)閒ete是不會無計(jì)劃、自然而然自己發(fā)生的。
例句：The accident happened at the corner of the street.
意外發(fā)生在街角。
這句話中因?yàn)閍ccident不是人為安排的讓其發(fā)生的，所以用happen更好。
3.undergo，經(jīng)歷，遭受。
If you undergo something necessary or unpleasant, it happens to you.
例句：During the past few decades, this city has undergone great changes.
過去的幾十年中，這座城市經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。
undergo changes是個(gè)比較正式地道的表達(dá)。
4.with the invention of wrinting，短語中的with是“由于”的意思。
5.education in its turn added to libraries，教育反過來也豐富了藏書。
①in turn，反過來，轉(zhuǎn)而。
例句：One of the members of the surgical team leaked the story to a fellow physician who, in turn, confided in a reporter.
醫(yī)療隊(duì)中的一名成員把故事告訴了一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，該內(nèi)科醫(yī)生轉(zhuǎn)而又告訴了記者。
②in turn，輪流。
例句：The girls called out their names in turn.
那些女孩兒逐一報(bào)出自己的名字。
6.a kind of compound interest law，一種復(fù)利法則。compound interest law有時(shí)也被稱作“雪球法則”，即利上滾利，增長很快。
7.turn...to account，利用……。
例句：We should turn knowledge to good account to build a better future.
我們應(yīng)該好好利用知識，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)美好的未來。
8.Could any spectacle,...to restore them?這句話從形式上是個(gè)疑問句，但實(shí)質(zhì)上起一個(gè)加強(qiáng)語氣的陳述句的作用，這種疑問句常被稱為修辭疑問句。
9.this twofold use of knowledge，知識的這種雙重性。
twofold表示雙重性：You can use twofold to introduce a topic that has two equally important parts.
例句：The case against is twofold: too risky and too expensive.
反對的理由有兩個(gè)：太冒險(xiǎn)，太昂貴。
【參考譯文】
為什么進(jìn)步這個(gè)概念在現(xiàn)代世界顯得如此突出?無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。雖然人類有智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。人一旦能用語言同別人交流思想，知識的積累便開始了。隨著書寫的發(fā)明，又邁進(jìn)了一大步，因?yàn)檫@樣一來，知識不僅能交流，而且能儲存了。藏書使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又豐富了藏書，因?yàn)橹R的增長遵循著一種“滾雪球”的規(guī)律。印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明又大大提高了知識增長的速度。所有這些發(fā)展都比較緩慢，而隨著科學(xué)的到來，增長的速度才突然加快。于是，知識便開始有系統(tǒng)有計(jì)劃地積累起來。涓涓細(xì)流匯成小溪，小溪現(xiàn)已變成了奔騰的江河。而且，新知識一旦獲得，便得到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。所謂“現(xiàn)代文明”并不是人的天性平衡發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而是積累起來的知識應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在人類面臨的問題是：用這些知識去做什么?正像人們常常指出的，知識是一把雙刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用來為害。人們現(xiàn)在正漫不經(jīng)心地把知識用于這兩個(gè)方面，例如：炮兵利用科學(xué)毀壞人的身體、而外科醫(yī)生就在附近用科學(xué)搶救被炮兵毀壞的人體，還有什么情景比這更可怕、更怪誕的嗎?我們不得不嚴(yán)肅地問問我們自己：隨著日益增長的知識的力量，如果我們繼續(xù)利用知識的這種雙重性，將會發(fā)生什么樣的情況呢?
新概念第四冊Lesson23課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What are the two main types of bird flight described by the author?
No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, Which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition. In the contrary school, the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with such-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air,travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.
WILLIAM BEACH THOMAS A Countryman's Creed
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
albatross n. 信天翁
sustenance n. 支撐力
glider n. 滑翔者
harness v. 利用
endow v. 賦有
ply v. 不斷地供給
gale n. 大風(fēng)
partridge n. 鷓鴣
like adj. 類似的
propulsion n. 推進(jìn)力
utter adj. 完全的
slip v. 滑行
adverse adj. 逆的，相反的
omen n. 預(yù)兆
【課文注釋】
1. keep company with
①陪伴著……
例句：She stayed at home to keep company with her younger sister.
她留在家里陪伴她妹妹。
②交往
例句：Never keep company with dishonest persons.
不要與不誠實(shí)的人打交道。
2. course與coarse, 兩個(gè)單詞雖然很像，但是意義卻大不相同。
①course n. 路線、航線、航向
例句：The ship had been blown off course in the storm.
這艘船在暴風(fēng)雨中被刮得偏離了航向。
②coarse adj. 粗的，粗糙的
例句：Homespun is a cloth of coarse weave.
土布是一種織得粗糙的布。
3. harness v.
①給……上挽具;套(馬)[(+to)]
例句：The farmer harnessed the horse to the cart.
農(nóng)夫把馬套到馬車上。
②治理,利用;控制,駕馭
例句：They will harness the sun's energy to heat homes.
他們將利用太陽能為住宅供暖。
It will take a couple of years to harness that river.
治理那條河流要花兩三年時(shí)間。
4. be endowed with 天生具有
例句：He is endowed with literary talent.
他有文學(xué)天分。
5. steel-like musles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird
句中以that引導(dǎo)的從句是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾muscles。that引導(dǎo)的非限制性是很罕見的，但并非沒有。(絕對長知識了呀!)
例句：She is devilish like Miss Cutter, that I used to meet at Dumdum.
她像坎特小姐一樣惡毒，我在達(dá)姆城曾領(lǐng)教過坎特小姐。
Age，that lessens the enjoyment of life, increases our desire of living.
年齡，消磨著人生的歡樂，也增加了人們求生的欲望。
6.ply v. 不斷供應(yīng)
例句：And don't ply foreigners with lots and lots of disparate questions.
不要沒完沒了地向老外提出大量的互不相關(guān)的問題。
7. ①in highest measure / to the highest degree 大程度地， measure在這里是“程度”的意思。
例句：He resembles his mother in highest measure.
他長得像極了他的媽媽。
②in some measure / to some degree 在某種程度上
例句：I agree with him in some measure.
我有幾分同意他的意見。
We must admit that your unwearied effort is in some measure successful.
我們必須承認(rèn)你們不屈不撓的的努力多少是成功的。
8. travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home
travelling it may be是倒裝語序，這是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)travelling的生動(dòng)逼真，自然語序是it may be travelling。
9. slip v.
①滑，滑倒
例句：I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fall over.
我真倒霉，踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。
②溜;悄悄走;(時(shí)間)不知不覺地過去
例句：The student slipped out of the classroom.
那學(xué)生溜出了教室。
10. adverse adj. 不利的, 逆向的, 有害的
例句：The development was adverse to our interests.
這種發(fā)展與我們的利益背道而馳。
opposite, contrary, adverse, reverse, converse
這些形容詞均含“相反的、對立的”之意。
opposite: 指位置、方向、行動(dòng)或想法等完全相反。
contrary: 一般指與某種主張、看法或行為等正好相反，隱含否定一方并不意味著肯定另一方的意味。
adverse: 通常指違害利益的、無生命的勢力或條件等，側(cè)重分歧。
reverse: 指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。
converse: 指在方向、行動(dòng)或意見上相反的。
【參考譯文】
沒有任何兩種鳥的飛行方式是相同的。鳥的飛行方式千差萬別，但大體上可分為兩類。任何一艘橫度太平洋的輪船都會有一種小信天翁伴隨飛行許多天。它們隨船飛行一小時(shí)也難得見其扇動(dòng)一下翅膀。沿船體的上升的氣流和沿航線向前的氣流給這種巨翼大鳥以足夠的浮力和推力。信天翁是滑翔飛行的鳥類，它能自如地駕馭空氣，但必須順氣流飛行。與滑翔鳥相對的另一類鳥中，數(shù)野鴨本領(lǐng)高。它更近乎于人類自夸的“征服”了空氣的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。野鴨及它們相似的鴿子有天賦的鋼鐵般的肌肉，占了體重的很大一部分。這些肌肉以巨大的力量扇動(dòng)短小的翅膀，使這類鳥能頂著大風(fēng)飛行很遠(yuǎn)的路才會疲勞。次于野鴨和鴿子的鳥，如鷓鴣，有相似的巨大推動(dòng)力，但很快會疲勞。如果海風(fēng)驅(qū)使它們飛行很長距離，你可以撿到一些因筋疲力盡而摔下來的鷓鴣。燕子充分兼有這兩類鳥的長處，它既不疲勞，也不炫耀自己的飛翔力;在空中十分自如，可以飛行6，000英里，可以飛往北方做窩的老家，再從老家飛回;一邊飛一邊喂養(yǎng)會飛的雛燕，甚至在頂風(fēng)時(shí)也能在氣流中滑翔，似乎氣流在幫它前進(jìn)。這些鳥對我們是有益的，雖然我們不再從它們的飛翔姿態(tài)來占卜吉兇，連迷信的村民也不再對喜鵲脫帽行禮，祝它早安了。
新概念第四冊Lesson24課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What do glimpses of beauty, either in nature or art, often suggest to the human mind?
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.
That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret. But, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us, if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.
C.E.M.JOAD Pieces of Mind
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
intense adj. 強(qiáng)烈的
aesthetic adj. 審美的
realm n. 世界
serenity n. 靜謐
undeniable adj. 不可否認(rèn)的
indefinable adj. 模糊不清的
vulgar adj. 平庸的
radiance n. 發(fā)光
intimation n. 暗示
unutterable adj. 不可言傳的
invest v. 賦予
【課文注釋】
1. catch a glimpse of 瞥見，瞥一眼
例句： We can catch a glimpse of the downtown districts.
我們可以瞥見市區(qū)。
2. in some way higher
①in some way是“在某種程度上”， higher與前面different and 是并列的，做realm of existence 的定語。
例句： I may be able to help you in some way.
我也許可以從某個(gè)方面去幫助你。
②in a way “從某種意義上”
例句： In a way they played a vanguard role.
在某種意義上說，他們起了先鋒的作用。
3. yet do they convey a hint of beauty
①do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，放在主語之前更具有強(qiáng)調(diào)的意義。
②convey vt. 表達(dá)， 傳達(dá)， 運(yùn)輸， 轉(zhuǎn)移
例句： I find it hard to convey my feelings in word.
我覺得難以用言語表達(dá)我的感情。
vt. [律]讓與
例句： The farm was conveyed to his son.
那塊農(nóng)田讓給了他的兒子。
【詞義辨析】
bring, carry, take, fetch, get, convey, transport
這些動(dòng)詞均有“帶、拿、取”之意。
bring: 指從某處把人或物帶到或拿到說話者所在的地點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，不著重方式。
carry: 指把物品從一個(gè)地方帶到另一個(gè)地方，不涉及方向，只強(qiáng)調(diào)方式。
take: 指從說話人或說話人心目中所在處把某人或某物帶離開，帶到離說話者有一定距離的地方，與bring的方向正相反，側(cè)重方向，不著重方式。
fetch: 指一往一返，相當(dāng)于go and bring，去取了東西或帶人再返回到出發(fā)處。
get: 口語用詞，與fetch基本同義，語氣隨便。
convey: 指通過中間人傳遞信息，或以某種方式把人或物送到目的地。
transport: 指使用車輛或機(jī)械設(shè)備把人或貨物從一處運(yùn)載到另一處。
③a hint of 少許，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
例句： There was more than a hint of sadness in his voice.
他的聲音里有許多哀傷的成分。
4. be fitted to
例句： The policy should be fitted to a new situation.
這項(xiàng)政策必須適應(yīng)新形勢。
5. undeniable (not possible to deny) adj. 不可否認(rèn)的， 無可辯駁的
例句： But two-digit growth is undeniable.
但兩位數(shù)的漲幅是不可否認(rèn)的。
What was undeniable was the wide appeal of this popular humour.
無可否認(rèn)的是這種大眾幽默非常受人歡迎。
6. In some moods Nature shares it. 在某種狀態(tài)下，大自然也具有這種力量。it是指前面一句中this power of suggesting a world beyond。
7. vulgar adj. 通俗的，粗俗的，鄉(xiāng)土的
例句：Her taste in clothing is rather vulgar.
她穿著相當(dāng)俗氣。
【詞義辨析】
vulgar, coarse, crude, gross 這些形容詞均含“粗魯?shù)?，粗俗的”之意?BR> vulgar : 側(cè)重指對聽者的冒犯，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)粗野，言行、趣味不高，缺乏教養(yǎng)。
coarse : 指缺乏教養(yǎng)，言談粗俗，舉止粗野，可與vulgar換用。
crude : 與vulgar同義，也指言談舉止粗俗，不文雅，缺乏教養(yǎng)。
gross : 語氣強(qiáng)烈，指粗魯、無禮貌，令人討厭。
8. in a word 總而言之， 簡言之
例句：In a word, we must just leave now.
總而言之，我們必須現(xiàn)在就走。
In a word, the situation is serious.
總而言之，形勢很嚴(yán)峻
9. invest v.
①投資;投入(時(shí)間等)
例句：He invested all his money in real estate.
他把錢全部投資房地產(chǎn)。
②授予，賦予
例句：The trade union is invested with the power to call a strike.
工會被授于號召罷工的權(quán)力。
The ancient castle was invested with an air of mystery.
這座古堡充滿神秘的氣氛。
10. in terms of 用……的話;按照，從……方面來說
例句：In term of money, he's quite rich, but not in term of happiness.
就錢來說他很富有，但就幸福來說就不然了。
Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of physical situation.
熬夜使得他的體力狀況處于低潮。
【參考譯文】
一個(gè)年輕人看到日落，由于無法理解和表達(dá)日落在他心中喚起的激情，便得出結(jié)論：日落處想必是通往遙遠(yuǎn)世界的大門。無論是誰，在強(qiáng)烈感受到美的時(shí)刻，心中都不禁油然而生一種遐想：我們似乎瞥見從另一個(gè)世界射向我們的一線光芒，那個(gè)世界不僅不同于我們這個(gè)世界，而且由于美感的強(qiáng)烈感染，在某些方面比我們這個(gè)世界更美好。雖然這光芒令人眼花繚亂，但它確實(shí)給予我們一種不曾經(jīng)歷和無法想象的美感和靜謐的啟示。這種美感和靜謐是我們無法描述的，因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)明的語言是用來描述我們這個(gè)世界的含義，不能隨便拿來去描述另一個(gè)世界。
不可否認(rèn)，一切偉大的藝術(shù)都具有使人遐想到進(jìn)入天外世界的魅力。在某種狀態(tài)下，大自然也有這種魅力。六月蔚藍(lán)的天空總使人遙想一個(gè)更加蔚藍(lán)的蒼穹;美麗的落日總會引起一個(gè)更加絢麗的景象，這景象未及飽覽便一閃即逝，并在消逝中給人留下不可名狀的渴望和惆悵。如果這個(gè)世界不只是一個(gè)拙劣的惡作劇，如果人生不只是群星寒光中平凡的一閃，如果存在不只是對神秘事物的一陣空虛的笑聲，如果某種玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的邪惡情緒，也不是魔鬼為了捉弄我們，使我們發(fā)狂而送給我們的邪念，一句話，如果美有某種意義的話，我們千萬不要去闡明它的意義。如果我瞥見了只可意會不可言傳的事物，企圖把它說出來，那是不明智的;對于我們不理解的事物，我們也不應(yīng)該去賦予它某種意義。用對我們?nèi)祟愑幸饬x的詞句來解釋美是沒有意義的。