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【篇一】2020年6月大學英語六級考試基礎語法知識整理
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時以及將來完成時之間的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時：
① 構成：have / has +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點：
A. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去開始的狀態(tài)或動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常同表示一段時間的狀語連用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或事件。常與不確定的過去時間狀語連用，如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示頻度時間狀語連用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的過去時間狀語連用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently).
C. 在時間或條件狀語從句中，當表示將來完成時的意義時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時來代替將來完成時。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動詞(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于這一語法意義，即該類動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (誤)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 過去完成時：
① 構成：had +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點：
過去完成時表示某一動作或情況發(fā)生在過去某一時刻之前并持續(xù)到該時刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 與現(xiàn)在完成時截然不同的是過去完成時可以與表示具體過去的時間狀語連用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 將來完成時：
① 構成：shall / will + have +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點：
將來完成時表示某一動作在將來某一時刻或將來某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些動詞不能用于進行時
1) 表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)
He is a used-car dealer.(正)
She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)
She seems always about to smile.(正)
2) 表示感官感覺的動詞，如see(看見), hear(聽見),feel(感覺出), taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。
The medicine is tasting bitter. (誤)
The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
I was seeing a car passing by our house. (誤)
I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
3) 表示擁有的動詞，如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
He is owning a luxurious car. (誤)
He owns a luxurious car. (正)
The book is belonging to her. (誤)
The book belongs to her.(正)
4) 表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動詞，如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
I’m thinking that he is right. (誤)
I think that he is right. (正)
I’m understanding your feelings. (誤)
I understand your feelings. (正)
5) 表示情感、愿望的動詞，如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 時態(tài)的呼應
時態(tài)的呼應又稱時態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses)，指的是某些從句里的動詞謂語時態(tài)必須和主句里的時態(tài)保持一致。
如果主句里的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)(過去時或過去完成時)，那么從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)也相應地要用過去時。時態(tài)的呼應主要發(fā)生在間接引語和賓語從句中，但其他從句有時也存在時態(tài)一致的問題。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時)
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過去進行時變?yōu)檫^去完成進行時)
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來完成時變?yōu)檫^去將來完成時)
雖然主句用了過去時等，如果從句表示的是科學真理、客觀事實或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點時，其時態(tài)可以不必遵守時態(tài)呼應的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果從句中有一個表示絕對過去時間的狀語，就不必把一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
【篇二】2020年6月大學英語六級考試基礎語法知識整理
1.指人的關系代詞：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：
(1)作主語(who, that )
Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些參加比賽的人午飯后1：30在大門口集合。
在本句中，先行詞是those;關系代詞who引導定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔任動詞are going to play 的主語。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生說話的那個人是一個有名的醫(yī)生。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關系代詞who/that引導定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔任動詞is talking的主語。
這個復合句可以還原成兩個句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2)作賓語包括作介詞賓語(whom, that )。此種情況下的關系代詞可以省略;
This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.這正是我要的做這份工作的人。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關系代詞whom/that 引導定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔任動詞want 的賓語。
(3)當關系代詞緊跟介詞作介詞賓語時，不能用that，也不能省略，
如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我從中得到許多有用信息的那本書是一位科學家寫的。
但是當介詞放在從句末尾時，作為介詞賓語的關系代詞可以用that 并且可以省略。
如上頭兩句可改為：
The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
2.指物的關系代詞which和that的用法：
(1)作主語
This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 這是那本教你如何操作計算機的說明手冊。
(2)作賓語包括作介詞賓館。此種情況下的關系代詞可以省略：
The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修理。
The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
我一直非常注意的公司賬目，是保持平衡的。
3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定語。of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
那輛所有的燈都破了的汽車是我父親的。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 這就是那本封皮破了的書。
4.關系代詞的格應與它在從句中充當?shù)某煞忠恢?。特別要注意插入語，
如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那個人人都認為不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入語) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在選舉的時候我投了我認為最合適的那個人的票。
5.關系代詞作從句的主語時，從句的動詞必須和先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致： 例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 這就是用英文寫成的使用說明。
6.非限定性定語從句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟們兩個人都在美國工作每個星期都給她打電話。
7.關系副詞(=介詞+關系代詞)： 關系副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用 說明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文體中，有時用that代替關系副詞
where(=in / at which) 地點名詞 地點狀語
why=(for which) 只有reason 原因狀語
例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永遠也不會忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。
【篇三】2020年6月大學英語六級考試基礎語法知識整理
1. 某些動詞后要接不定式
某些及物動詞后只能接不定式作賓語，其中最常用的動詞有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
What do you plan to do tomorrow?
She hated to move from such a nice village.
In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students
2. 不定式的被動式
不定式有被動式，當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式要用被動式，在句中可作主語，賓語，定語，狀語，復合賓語等。作定語時，通常表示在謂語動作后將要發(fā)生的動作。
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.
She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
3. 不定式的完成式
當不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作賓語，狀語以及構成復合賓語，復合謂語。
She seemed to have heard about the news already.
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
4. 不定式的完成被動式
當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，且不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，不定式要用完成被動式，在句中可作主語，賓語或構成復合賓語，復合謂語。
The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.
5. 帶邏輯主語的不定式短語
不定式可以有邏輯主語，其構成形式為“for +代詞的賓格(或名詞) +不定式”。 帶邏輯主語的不定式短語可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語等。
It is not easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.
I think it better for you to see the doctor.
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
6. 帶疑問詞的不定式短語
不定式前可以加某些疑問代詞，如who、what、which,或疑問副詞，如when、where、how、why等，構成一種特殊的不定式短語，可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語等。
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
We haven’t decided when to visit the place.
The most difficult thing in learning English is how to speak the language well.
You haven’t answered my question where to get these books.
7. 某些動詞后的不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式不帶to，這些動詞是feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere in the room become tense.
I often hear them sing this song.
【篇一】2020年6月大學英語六級考試基礎語法知識整理
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時以及將來完成時之間的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時：
① 構成：have / has +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點：
A. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去開始的狀態(tài)或動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常同表示一段時間的狀語連用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或事件。常與不確定的過去時間狀語連用，如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示頻度時間狀語連用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的過去時間狀語連用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently).
C. 在時間或條件狀語從句中，當表示將來完成時的意義時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時來代替將來完成時。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動詞(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于這一語法意義，即該類動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (誤)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 過去完成時：
① 構成：had +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點：
過去完成時表示某一動作或情況發(fā)生在過去某一時刻之前并持續(xù)到該時刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 與現(xiàn)在完成時截然不同的是過去完成時可以與表示具體過去的時間狀語連用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 將來完成時：
① 構成：shall / will + have +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點：
將來完成時表示某一動作在將來某一時刻或將來某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些動詞不能用于進行時
1) 表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)
He is a used-car dealer.(正)
She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)
She seems always about to smile.(正)
2) 表示感官感覺的動詞，如see(看見), hear(聽見),feel(感覺出), taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。
The medicine is tasting bitter. (誤)
The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
I was seeing a car passing by our house. (誤)
I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
3) 表示擁有的動詞，如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
He is owning a luxurious car. (誤)
He owns a luxurious car. (正)
The book is belonging to her. (誤)
The book belongs to her.(正)
4) 表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動詞，如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
I’m thinking that he is right. (誤)
I think that he is right. (正)
I’m understanding your feelings. (誤)
I understand your feelings. (正)
5) 表示情感、愿望的動詞，如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 時態(tài)的呼應
時態(tài)的呼應又稱時態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses)，指的是某些從句里的動詞謂語時態(tài)必須和主句里的時態(tài)保持一致。
如果主句里的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)(過去時或過去完成時)，那么從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)也相應地要用過去時。時態(tài)的呼應主要發(fā)生在間接引語和賓語從句中，但其他從句有時也存在時態(tài)一致的問題。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時)
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過去進行時變?yōu)檫^去完成進行時)
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來完成時變?yōu)檫^去將來完成時)
雖然主句用了過去時等，如果從句表示的是科學真理、客觀事實或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點時，其時態(tài)可以不必遵守時態(tài)呼應的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果從句中有一個表示絕對過去時間的狀語，就不必把一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
【篇二】2020年6月大學英語六級考試基礎語法知識整理
1.指人的關系代詞：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：
(1)作主語(who, that )
Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些參加比賽的人午飯后1：30在大門口集合。
在本句中，先行詞是those;關系代詞who引導定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔任動詞are going to play 的主語。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生說話的那個人是一個有名的醫(yī)生。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關系代詞who/that引導定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔任動詞is talking的主語。
這個復合句可以還原成兩個句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2)作賓語包括作介詞賓語(whom, that )。此種情況下的關系代詞可以省略;
This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.這正是我要的做這份工作的人。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關系代詞whom/that 引導定語從句，同時代替先行詞在從句中擔任動詞want 的賓語。
(3)當關系代詞緊跟介詞作介詞賓語時，不能用that，也不能省略，
如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我從中得到許多有用信息的那本書是一位科學家寫的。
但是當介詞放在從句末尾時，作為介詞賓語的關系代詞可以用that 并且可以省略。
如上頭兩句可改為：
The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
2.指物的關系代詞which和that的用法：
(1)作主語
This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 這是那本教你如何操作計算機的說明手冊。
(2)作賓語包括作介詞賓館。此種情況下的關系代詞可以省略：
The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修理。
The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
我一直非常注意的公司賬目，是保持平衡的。
3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定語。of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
那輛所有的燈都破了的汽車是我父親的。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 這就是那本封皮破了的書。
4.關系代詞的格應與它在從句中充當?shù)某煞忠恢?。特別要注意插入語，
如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那個人人都認為不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入語) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在選舉的時候我投了我認為最合適的那個人的票。
5.關系代詞作從句的主語時，從句的動詞必須和先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致： 例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 這就是用英文寫成的使用說明。
6.非限定性定語從句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟們兩個人都在美國工作每個星期都給她打電話。
7.關系副詞(=介詞+關系代詞)： 關系副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用 說明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文體中，有時用that代替關系副詞
where(=in / at which) 地點名詞 地點狀語
why=(for which) 只有reason 原因狀語
例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永遠也不會忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。
【篇三】2020年6月大學英語六級考試基礎語法知識整理
1. 某些動詞后要接不定式
某些及物動詞后只能接不定式作賓語，其中最常用的動詞有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
What do you plan to do tomorrow?
She hated to move from such a nice village.
In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students
2. 不定式的被動式
不定式有被動式，當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式要用被動式，在句中可作主語，賓語，定語，狀語，復合賓語等。作定語時，通常表示在謂語動作后將要發(fā)生的動作。
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.
She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
3. 不定式的完成式
當不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作賓語，狀語以及構成復合賓語，復合謂語。
She seemed to have heard about the news already.
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
4. 不定式的完成被動式
當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，且不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，不定式要用完成被動式，在句中可作主語，賓語或構成復合賓語，復合謂語。
The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.
5. 帶邏輯主語的不定式短語
不定式可以有邏輯主語，其構成形式為“for +代詞的賓格(或名詞) +不定式”。 帶邏輯主語的不定式短語可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語等。
It is not easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.
I think it better for you to see the doctor.
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
6. 帶疑問詞的不定式短語
不定式前可以加某些疑問代詞，如who、what、which,或疑問副詞，如when、where、how、why等，構成一種特殊的不定式短語，可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語等。
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
We haven’t decided when to visit the place.
The most difficult thing in learning English is how to speak the language well.
You haven’t answered my question where to get these books.
7. 某些動詞后的不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式不帶to，這些動詞是feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere in the room become tense.
I often hear them sing this song.