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新概念英語第2冊重要語言點Lesson58
重要句型或語法
被動語態(tài)
本課側(cè)重的是be said to do和雙賓動詞的被動語態(tài)的用法。如：
Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
I was told to wait for him.
課文主要語言點
The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. 1)tiny，很小的、極小的。 2)be said to，據(jù)說。 3)possess，占有、擁有。其名詞為possession，常見的短語用法為in possession of(占有)和in the possession of(被占有)。 4)cursed，被詛咒的。源自curse(詛咒)。
Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. 1)mention，提及、說到。注意該詞有個常見的短語用法“Don't mention it!”表示“不客氣!”。 2)注意區(qū)分the number of(...的數(shù)量，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，但謂語動詞用單數(shù))和a number of(許多、大量，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞也用復數(shù))。 3)注意visitor的詞尾是-or，不是-er。 4)increase，增加、上漲。
The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. 1)plant，種植。相當于grow。 2)注意強調(diào)句型“It is/was...that...”該句型可以用來強調(diào)除謂語動詞以外的大部分句子成分。 3)in recent years，近。相當于recently。 4)gain a reputation，出名。reputation源自動詞repute(認為)。 5)evil，邪惡的。
It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. 1)It is said that...，常見句型，表示“據(jù)說”。 2)have a bad luck，遭厄運。 3)注意提醒if引導的條件狀語從句要采用“主將從現(xiàn)”的用法。 4)pick a leaf，摘葉子。
Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. 1)claim，奪走(生命)。該詞也可以表示“聲稱、聲明”。 2)victim，受害者、犧牲品。
The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. 1)vicar，牧師、神父。 2)have...done，讓...被...。have the tree cut down，讓人把樹砍倒。 3)so far，迄今為止。相當于up to now。 4)refuse，拒絕。其常見的用法是refuse sth./sb.或refuse to do sth.
He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. 1)point out，指出。 2)a source of...的來源。 3)useful，有用的。其反義表達為useless。 4)income，收入。 5)tourist，游客。源自動詞tour(旅游)。 6)可提問學生為什么come要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時have been coming(因為該句要表達的是游客們從過去到現(xiàn)在一直都來參觀這棵被詛咒的樹)。 7)all parts of the country，全國各地。 8)to see it，用作目的狀語。
In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. 1)in spite of，盡管、雖然。相當于despite。如果后接句子，則只能使用despite (the fact that..) 2)that has been said引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞all。all that相當于what，所以原句可改為In spite of what has been said。 3)cut one's names on，在...上面刻名字。
So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death! 1)not one of sb./sth.，沒有一個...相當于none of。 2)strike down，擊倒;殺死。 3)sudden death，暴斃、猝死。
新概念英語第2冊重要語言點Lesson59
重要句型或語法
復習
本課復習第50-58課的重點句型或語法內(nèi)容，主要有：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、過去將來時、used to do、被動語態(tài)等。如：
These things always happen.
What happened?
What has happened?
What has been happening?
Pirates would often bury gold in the cave.
Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
課文主要語言點
Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. 1)Rex用作our dog的同位語。此處用逗號前后隔開是為了起強調(diào)作用，也可以省略前后的逗號。 2)used to do，過去習慣做某事。注意對比be used to doing(現(xiàn)在習慣做某事)和be used to do(被用來做某事)。 3)front gate，前門。 4)注意and后面只有一個詞bark(狗叫)，這與前面的較長的句子成分形成鮮明的長短對比，從而使得bark一詞得到了凸顯，起到了很好的強調(diào)作用，進而把這條狗總是叫的特點表現(xiàn)出來了。
Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until somone opened the gate. 1)注意every time引導的時間狀語從句，time后面不要加when，而是every time sb./sth. do/does/did sth.。 2)he would bark中的would do表達的是過去的習慣。 3)注意until不一定要跟not連用。
As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. 1)注意本句話中的as表示“因為;由于”，引導的是原因狀語從句。 2)注意neighbour的拼寫，美式拼法為neighbor。 3)complain of，抱怨、投訴。如果要表達向某人抱怨，則用：complain of sth. to sb.。 4)注意spend time doing的用法，表示花時間做某事。 5)train sb./sth. to do，訓練某人或某物做某事。 6)press，按、壓。 7)let sb. in，放某人進來。
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. become an expert at，變得擅長做某事。相當于become skillful at。
However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. 1)注意句中的when可以替換為while。 2)go out shopping，出門購物。 3)notice sb. somewhere，注意到某人在某處。
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! 1)注意句中的so that引導的是目的狀語從句。注意與結(jié)果狀語從句so...that...的區(qū)別——目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞大多會加上情態(tài)動詞can/could/would等。 2)let sb. out，讓某人出去。
Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into hte garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. 1)注意第二句、第三句和第四句是對第一句中another bad habit的解釋說明。 2)develop a habit，養(yǎng)成一個習慣。 3)shut，關(guān)閉。相當于close。 4)begin doing，開始做某事。
Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. 1)remove，移除、刪除。 2)注意句中的so annoyed后面省略了that，引導的是結(jié)果狀語從句。 3)annoyed，惱火的。 4)haven't done...since，從此沒有...
新概念英語第2冊重要語言點Lesson60
重要句型或語法
1、將來的表達
本課側(cè)重的是條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中將來的表達，也就是“主將從現(xiàn)”的用法，即：在時間和條件狀語從句中，從句動詞會采用一般現(xiàn)在時，但卻表將來。如：
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
As soon as the rain stops, we will go out.
在if條件狀語從句中，rains雖然采用的是一般現(xiàn)在時的形式，但卻表示的是將來某個時間下雨的動作;在時間狀語從句中，stops也是采用了一般現(xiàn)在時，卻表示將來雨停了的動作。
2、名詞作定
作定語的名詞往往是說明其中名詞的材料、用途、時間、地點、內(nèi)容、類別等。如表材料的paper money、表用途的meeting room、表時間的evening suit、表地點的kitchen window、表內(nèi)容的story book、表類別的bus driver。
課文主要語言點
At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. 1)at a fair，在集市上。fair因為是小地方，所以用介詞at;注意對比介詞“in+大地方”的用法。 2)fortune-teller，算命人。fortune，命運。 3)called Bellinsky其實是定語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，called前面省略了who was。
After I had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said 1)可提問學生為什么句中的give要用過去完成時(因為look已經(jīng)是過去的動作，而give又是在此之前發(fā)生的，是過去的過去)。 2)look into在本句中用的是本義，表示朝里看，但是作為固定短語，look into表示調(diào)查。 3)a crystal ball，水晶球。吉普賽人經(jīng)常用水晶球來做占卜。
A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. 1)a relation of yours，你的一個親戚。這是雙重所有格的結(jié)構(gòu)。relation，親戚，相當于relative。 2)intend to do，打算、意圖做某事。注意intend的名詞為intention(意圖、打算)。
The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 1)the moment(表示“一...就...”)在此引導的是時間狀語從句，其后直接跟從句;如果時間背景是現(xiàn)在，則其主從句的謂語動詞往往采用“主將從現(xiàn)”的用法。所以，從句中的動詞leave用了一般現(xiàn)在時，而get用了一般將來時。 2)get a big surprise，大感驚訝。相當于be greatly surprised，但動作含義更強，所以更具強調(diào)效果。
A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. 1)注意句中的you know well其實是定語從句，前面省略了that或who(前面沒有介詞時，who可以作為賓格來使用)或whom，用來修飾先行詞a woman。 2)rush towards，向某人沖過去。 3)lead sb. away from，帶領(lǐng)某人離開某地。
That is all. 這句話主要用來結(jié)束話題。
As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. 1)可復習一下幾個表“一...就...”的句型：as soon as、the moment、hardly...when...、no sooner...than...等。 2)forget about sth./sb.，忘了某事或某人。 3)hurry towards sb.，向某人匆匆走過去。
Where have you been hiding?' she asked impatiently. 1)可提問學生為什么hide要采用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法(因為句中要表達的是作者從過去到現(xiàn)在一直都躲到哪里去了，是過去的動作，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)。 2)impatiently，不耐煩地。源自名詞patience(耐心)。
Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We are late already. 1)in+一段時間，多長時間以后，表將來。 2)meet sb.，去見某人或接某人。 3)already放到句末起到更大的強調(diào)作用。其正常語序應(yīng)該是：We are already late.
As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair. 1)注意對比as/when/while表時間的用法。 2)follow sb.跟隨、尾隨某人。