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新概念英語第2冊Lesson88課文詳注
1.…rescue operations are proving difficult.……事實證明營救工作非常困難。
prove之后帶形容詞(有時也可以是名詞)時表示“證明是”、“結(jié)果是”：
His operation proved successful.
他的手術(shù)很成功。
What he had told us proved false.
他對我們所說的原來是假的。
2.Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. 因此，營救人員正在礦井的北側(cè)鉆一個洞。
therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副詞，所以它既可以獨立使用，也可以位于動詞前。so表示“因此”、“所以”時通常是連詞：
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.
這套新房子(比原先的)要大些，因此比較貴。
His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
他的父母給了他一些錢，所以他能買得起一輛車。
His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car.
(譯文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗號，so后面通常不用逗號)
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
我到得早，因此我們找到了好座位。(so表示“所以”、“因此”時不放在動詞前)
3.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 如果不是因為土壤下面有一層堅硬的巖石，他們的營救工作僅用幾小時就可以完成了。
這是第3類條件句，表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。課文中還有第1類和第2類條件句的例子，仔細(xì)體會它們的區(qū)別。
4.as it is，實際上，事實上(也可以用as it was)。
I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
我以為他們會幫助我們。實際上他們卻只是坐著旁觀。
I promised to return the books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do so until next Monday.
我答應(yīng)昨天還書的，但事實上我要到下星期一才能還。
5.…a microphone…h(huán)as enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.……一只麥克風(fēng)使井下的人可以與其親屬保持聯(lián)系。
(1)enable為及物動詞，表示“使……能夠”：
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.
哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡將使我們能更好地了解遠(yuǎn)距離的恒星和星系。
前綴en-加在名詞或形容詞前可以使這個詞成為動詞，如endanger(危及，使遭受危險)，enlarge(擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)充)，enslave(奴役，使成為奴隸)，entrap(使……入陷阱/圈套，欺騙)。
(2)keep in touch with表示“與……保持聯(lián)系”，也可以用stay，get 等其他動詞：
Though he works in New York, he still keeps in touch with his friends in London.
他雖然在紐約工作，但仍然與倫敦的朋友們保持聯(lián)系。
George is in close touch with Ian.
喬治與伊恩聯(lián)系密切。
Can you get in touch with the company?
你能與那家公司取得聯(lián)系嗎?
6.lose heart為固定搭配，表示“喪失信心/勇氣”、“泄氣”、“灰心”：
He told his men not to lose heart, saying that they would soon discover gold mines.
他告訴手下人不要灰心，并說他們很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的。
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost heart at once.
當(dāng)戰(zhàn)士們發(fā)現(xiàn)敵軍比自己要強(qiáng)大得多時，他們立刻就喪失了勇氣。
新概念英語第2冊Lesson89課文詳注
1.A slip of the tongue，(標(biāo)題)說走了嘴，失言。
slip在這里表示“不經(jīng)心的錯誤”、“失誤”、“疏漏”：
You've made some slips (of the pen) in your report.
你的報告中有一些小錯(筆誤)。
When he was nervous, he would sometimes make a slip of tongue.
當(dāng)他緊張時，他有時就會發(fā)生口誤。
Are you sure that it was just a slip of tongue?
你確信那只是一時口誤嗎?
2.People will do anything to see a free show…人們總要想盡辦法去看不花錢的演出……
anything用于肯定句時表示“不論什么”、“任何事情”，to see a free show表示目的，也可以用for+名詞形式：
He will do anything to save his child's life.
他要想盡辦法挽救他孩子的生命。
He will do anything for the child.
為了這孩子，他干什么都愿意。
3.When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company…當(dāng)“皮尤”鳥食公司將在我們當(dāng)?shù)?演出喜劇節(jié)目的消息傳開后……
(1)when引導(dǎo)的這個時間狀語從句中含有一個同位語從句，即the news that…。由于that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句較長，便與它所修飾的news隔開了，放在謂語動詞之后，以免句子頭重腳輕。同位語從句中用了被動語態(tài)的過去將來時形式。
(2)get round在這里表示消息、謠言等“傳開”(也可以用get around/about)：
The word soon got round that there was buried treasure in that cave.
那個洞里有寶藏的消息很快便傳開了。
Bad news gets round quickly.
壞消息傳得快。
4.…there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began.……在演出開始前場內(nèi)肯定已有好幾百人了。
Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
那些沒能進(jìn)到場內(nèi)的人沒有必要感到失望，因為很多應(yīng)該出場的專業(yè)演員都沒有來。
must+have+過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(其否定式為can't+have+過去分詞，cf.第17課語法);need+have+ 過去分詞表示過去不必做但實際已做了的事(cf.第41課語法);should/ought to+have+過去分詞表示本來應(yīng)該做而實際未做的事(cf.第65課語法)：
He had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)了5只空的威士忌酒瓶子，這肯定是鬼魂前天晚上喝的。
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance.
主考人對我的表現(xiàn)想必是滿意的。
You needn't have said that.
你沒必要這么說。(實際已經(jīng)說了)
You needn't have told him about my plans.
你本不必把我的打算告訴他。(實際上已告訴了他)
He should have gone along a side street.
他應(yīng)該走一條小街。(實際上他走了主要街道)
5.As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
但他剛一開口說話，人們便哄堂大笑起來。
burst out為固定短語，其含義之一為“突然……起來”，后面通常接動名詞，也可以接in/into+名詞：
At the sight of the drunk, everyone burst out laughing/in laughter.
一看見那醉漢，大家便大笑起來。
When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying.
當(dāng)她聽說她父親在那次事故中喪生時便大哭起來。
6.We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was…
我們都明白那個可憐的應(yīng)該說些什么，而他實際說的卻是……
用should+have+過去分詞表示過去應(yīng)當(dāng)做而并沒有做的事時，它后面經(jīng)常跟but(actually)以形成對比：
I should have left home before 9 o'clock, but actually I didn't.
我本該在9點以前離開家，但實際上我沒有。
You should have written the word‘too’, but what you actually wrote was‘to’.
你本該寫“too”，但實際上你卻寫了“to”。
新概念英語第2冊Lesson90課文詳注
1.Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain…油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國人喜愛的一道菜……
fish and chips被看做是一個整體，因此，雖然chips是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它后面卻要跟動詞的單數(shù)形式。(cf.本課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))dish在這里指“一盤菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：
I like French dishes.
我喜歡(吃)法國菜。
Would you like a sweet dish?
您要一盤甜食嗎?
2.…divers…h(huán)ave been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work.……潛水員……曾在工作時被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚慌失措。
(1)out of one's wits表示“失去理智”、“驚慌失措”：
She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire.
大火嚇得她驚慌失措。
Are you out of your wits?
你瘋了嗎?
(2)bump into的含義之一是“碰上”、“撞上”：
Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.
那醉漢在黑夜中閑蕩時撞到了一個警察的身上。
bump into也可以表示“偶然遇見”、“碰見”(多用于口語)：
I bumped into Jane at the conference.
我開會時碰見了簡。
(3)as在這里相當(dāng)于when或while。
3.Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. 現(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。
(1)have had…made 是使役式的完成式。(cf.第66課語法)
(2)protect經(jīng)常與from或against連用：
He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog.
他試圖使孩子不被雨淋/狗咬。
This coat will protect you against the cold.
這件大衣可以給你御寒。
4.favourite eating varieties, 深受人們喜愛的食用的品種。
eating在這里為形容詞，表示“供食用的”，它有時也表示“宜生食的”：
Eating corn is quite sweet.
食用玉米很香甜。
These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.
這些是生吃的蘋果，那些是烹任用的蘋果。
5.the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs, 鉆井平臺周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。
(1)total在這里表示“完全的”、“徹底的”(相當(dāng)于complete)：
His letter is a total surprise to her.
他的來信完全出乎她的意料之外。
That girl is a total stranger to me.
我根本不認(rèn)識那姑娘。
(2)absence of表示“缺少”、“不存在”：
These plants don't grow well because of the absence of rain/sunshine.
由于缺乏雨水/陽光，這些植物長得不好。
6.as a result，結(jié)果，因此。
He didn't work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination.
他沒有用功學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。因此，他考試沒及格。
My husband Spent weeks training our dog to press its paw on the latch. As a result, it has become an expert at opening the gate.
我丈夫花了幾個星期的時間訓(xùn)練我們的狗用腳爪按住門閂。結(jié)果，它現(xiàn)在成了開門的專家。