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1.2022年上半年英語四級真題閱讀長難句分析
1. it may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. (1991. 閱讀. text 1)
【譯文】這或許是對學生寫作能力的尖銳批評，但也反映了教師的悲哀—他根本沒讀過這篇文章，而文章里包含了學生內心感受的優(yōu)美表達。
【析句】多重復合句，句子主干為it may have been a sharp criticism..., but it was a sad refection of the teacher, but連接兩個成轉折關系的句子，其中，后句又包含兩個從句：who had omitted to read the essay作定語從句修飾the teacher,而which引導非限制性定語從句修飾前面的句子。
2. the teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on he child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. (1991. 閱讀. text 1)
【譯文】教師關注錯誤不可厚非，但如果他更重視學生的想法的話，那么他表現出的失望本可以激發(fā)出學生更大的動力去改進。
【析句】本句的主干與例句一相似，都是由but連接兩個句子，后句中，if his priorities had centered on...為條件狀語從句，主句an expression of his disappointment would have given...。注意后句的時態(tài)搭配，主句would have given為虛擬式，從句用had centered on過去完成時。
3. in 1862 congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from nebraska westward and from california eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the atlantic seaboard with the pacific. (1991. 閱讀. text 4)
【譯文】1862年國會批準兩家西部鐵路公司修建從內布拉斯加往西和加利福利亞向東匯合的鐵路，以便建成橫跨大陸連接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。
【析句】本句結構比較簡單，只有一個較長的句子congress authorized two western railroad companies,so as to complete...為目的狀語。難點在于from nebraska westward and from california eastward的理解，很多同學理解成nebraska西部和california東部，實際上，westward/eastward這里是形容詞，意為“向西/向東”。
2.2022年上半年英語四級真題閱讀長難句分析
1. a breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the european economic community(eec) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the eec's research effort in this field, according to the senior eec scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at eec's scientific laboratories at ispra, near milan. (1991. 閱讀. text 2)
【譯文】根據歐洲經濟共同體資深科學家在伊斯普拉(米蘭附近)實驗室所進行的實驗表明，如果歐共體在太陽能供應這一領域的研究工作有些許增加，就能提前二十年取得該領域的突破。
【析句】多重復合句，主句為a breakthrough could be brought forward by two decades,could此處表示一種可能性，從句為if引導的條件狀語從句，最后是according to引導表示參考的狀語the senior eec scientist,engaged in experiments為過去分詞作定語。
2. the senior west german scientist in charge of the community's solar energy programme, mr. joachim gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the community's energy requirements even after the year 2000. (1991. 閱讀. text 2)
【譯文】歐共體太陽能項目負責人、西德資深科學家joachim gretz先生告訴記者，以目前的研究支出水平，即使在2000年后太陽能也不可能為滿足歐共體高達百分之三的能源需求。
【析句】主干為mr. hoachim gretz told journalists that+賓語從句，人名前the senior west german scientist...programme是mr.joachim的同位語，是對其身份的說明。賓語從句中又包含一套主從句為it was most unlikely that+主語從句，it作形式主語。
3. this special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that asian american students who began their educations abroad arrived in the u.s. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of english. (1993..text 3)
【譯文】亞裔學生對數學和科學專業(yè)情有獨鐘，其部分原因是因為這些來到國外求學的學生擁有牢固的數學基礎，卻幾乎對英語一竅不通。
【析句】多重復合句，主句為this special liking is partly explained by the fact,fact后是that引導的同位語從句說明fact的具體內容，同位語從句中又有主句和從句，主句為asian american students arrived with a solid...english,句中who began their educations abroad作asian american students的定語從句。
3.2022年上半年英語四級真題閱讀長難句分析
1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be toug 1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Scott Hahn says…。high-quality sustainable…find為says的賓語。which引導的非限制性定語從句which uses all-organic cotton修飾的是Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory為Scott Hahn的同位語。
【譯文】Scott Hahn與Gregory同為使用全有機棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的創(chuàng)始人，他聲稱，高質量的可持續(xù)使用面料仍然很難尋覓到。
2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Most designers…are finding…。there aren’t…used to為省略了that的賓語從句。that引導的定語從句that can just replace…修飾fabrics。what引導的兩個賓語從句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的賓語。
【譯文】他說，“大多數現有品牌設計師發(fā)現，并沒有匹配的面料能代替你正用著的和顧客們已經適應的面料?！?BR> 3. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企業(yè)家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為… Designers & Agents stopped charging…and gave special recognition…。who引導的定語從句who attend its…York修飾entrepreneurs，whose引導的定語從句whose collections are…sustainable修飾designers。
【譯文】去年，頗具影響力的Designers & Agents對參加其在洛杉磯和紐約舉辦的兩次春季展覽的年輕環(huán)保企業(yè)家們實行免費入場，同時給予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持續(xù)產品的設計師們以特別表彰。
1.2022年上半年英語四級真題閱讀長難句分析
1. it may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. (1991. 閱讀. text 1)
【譯文】這或許是對學生寫作能力的尖銳批評，但也反映了教師的悲哀—他根本沒讀過這篇文章，而文章里包含了學生內心感受的優(yōu)美表達。
【析句】多重復合句，句子主干為it may have been a sharp criticism..., but it was a sad refection of the teacher, but連接兩個成轉折關系的句子，其中，后句又包含兩個從句：who had omitted to read the essay作定語從句修飾the teacher,而which引導非限制性定語從句修飾前面的句子。
2. the teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on he child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. (1991. 閱讀. text 1)
【譯文】教師關注錯誤不可厚非，但如果他更重視學生的想法的話，那么他表現出的失望本可以激發(fā)出學生更大的動力去改進。
【析句】本句的主干與例句一相似，都是由but連接兩個句子，后句中，if his priorities had centered on...為條件狀語從句，主句an expression of his disappointment would have given...。注意后句的時態(tài)搭配，主句would have given為虛擬式，從句用had centered on過去完成時。
3. in 1862 congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from nebraska westward and from california eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the atlantic seaboard with the pacific. (1991. 閱讀. text 4)
【譯文】1862年國會批準兩家西部鐵路公司修建從內布拉斯加往西和加利福利亞向東匯合的鐵路，以便建成橫跨大陸連接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。
【析句】本句結構比較簡單，只有一個較長的句子congress authorized two western railroad companies,so as to complete...為目的狀語。難點在于from nebraska westward and from california eastward的理解，很多同學理解成nebraska西部和california東部，實際上，westward/eastward這里是形容詞，意為“向西/向東”。
2.2022年上半年英語四級真題閱讀長難句分析
1. a breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the european economic community(eec) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the eec's research effort in this field, according to the senior eec scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at eec's scientific laboratories at ispra, near milan. (1991. 閱讀. text 2)
【譯文】根據歐洲經濟共同體資深科學家在伊斯普拉(米蘭附近)實驗室所進行的實驗表明，如果歐共體在太陽能供應這一領域的研究工作有些許增加，就能提前二十年取得該領域的突破。
【析句】多重復合句，主句為a breakthrough could be brought forward by two decades,could此處表示一種可能性，從句為if引導的條件狀語從句，最后是according to引導表示參考的狀語the senior eec scientist,engaged in experiments為過去分詞作定語。
2. the senior west german scientist in charge of the community's solar energy programme, mr. joachim gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the community's energy requirements even after the year 2000. (1991. 閱讀. text 2)
【譯文】歐共體太陽能項目負責人、西德資深科學家joachim gretz先生告訴記者，以目前的研究支出水平，即使在2000年后太陽能也不可能為滿足歐共體高達百分之三的能源需求。
【析句】主干為mr. hoachim gretz told journalists that+賓語從句，人名前the senior west german scientist...programme是mr.joachim的同位語，是對其身份的說明。賓語從句中又包含一套主從句為it was most unlikely that+主語從句，it作形式主語。
3. this special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that asian american students who began their educations abroad arrived in the u.s. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of english. (1993..text 3)
【譯文】亞裔學生對數學和科學專業(yè)情有獨鐘，其部分原因是因為這些來到國外求學的學生擁有牢固的數學基礎，卻幾乎對英語一竅不通。
【析句】多重復合句，主句為this special liking is partly explained by the fact,fact后是that引導的同位語從句說明fact的具體內容，同位語從句中又有主句和從句，主句為asian american students arrived with a solid...english,句中who began their educations abroad作asian american students的定語從句。
3.2022年上半年英語四級真題閱讀長難句分析
1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be toug 1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Scott Hahn says…。high-quality sustainable…find為says的賓語。which引導的非限制性定語從句which uses all-organic cotton修飾的是Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory為Scott Hahn的同位語。
【譯文】Scott Hahn與Gregory同為使用全有機棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的創(chuàng)始人，他聲稱，高質量的可持續(xù)使用面料仍然很難尋覓到。
2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為Most designers…are finding…。there aren’t…used to為省略了that的賓語從句。that引導的定語從句that can just replace…修飾fabrics。what引導的兩個賓語從句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的賓語。
【譯文】他說，“大多數現有品牌設計師發(fā)現，并沒有匹配的面料能代替你正用著的和顧客們已經適應的面料?！?BR> 3. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企業(yè)家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句為復合句，主干為… Designers & Agents stopped charging…and gave special recognition…。who引導的定語從句who attend its…York修飾entrepreneurs，whose引導的定語從句whose collections are…sustainable修飾designers。
【譯文】去年，頗具影響力的Designers & Agents對參加其在洛杉磯和紐約舉辦的兩次春季展覽的年輕環(huán)保企業(yè)家們實行免費入場，同時給予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持續(xù)產品的設計師們以特別表彰。