你想有擁有你沒有過的能力，就要去做自己沒有做過的努力。為大家準備了以下內(nèi)容，供大家參考閱讀。
1.2022年下半年英語四級高級語法參考
插入語
插入語通常是說話者對所表達意思的一種補充、強調(diào)、解釋或者是說話人的一種態(tài)度。它的位置比較靈活，常常會用逗號或者破折號和其他部分隔開，但是在語法上不會影響其他成分。
插入語六大用法小結(jié)
例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
小結(jié)：許多分詞短語可以用作插入語，這樣的分詞短語有：strictly speaking(嚴格地說)，generally considering(一般認為)， judging from……(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.
A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的副詞或副詞短語有：indeed(的確)，surely(無疑)，however(然而)，frankly(坦率地說)，obviously(顯然)，naturally(天然地)，luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸運)，fortunately(幸好)，strangely(奇怪)，briefly(簡單地說)等。
例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，_____， you failed.
A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的介詞短語有：in conclusion(總之)，in a word(簡而言之)，in short(簡而言之)，in general(一般說來)，in a sense(在某種意義上)，in my view(在我看來)，in his opinion(按照他的看法)，in fact(事實上)，at first(首先)， in addition(此外)，of course(當然)，to my surprise(使我驚奇的)，to her regret(使她遺憾的)，for example(例如)等。
例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What‘s more B.That is to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not
小結(jié)：用簡短的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語，它們常置于句中或句末。這類簡短的句子有：I am sure(我可以肯定地說)，I believe(我相信)，do you know(你知道嗎)，you see(你明白)，I’m afraid(恐怕)，it is said(據(jù)說)，I suppose(我想)，what’s more(而且)，what’s worse(更糟糕的是)，that is(也就是說)，what is important(重要的是)等。
例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.
A.To be frank B.What’s more C.In addition D.However
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的不定式短語有：to be sure(無疑地)，to sum up(概括地說)，to tell the truth(老實說)等。
例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.
A.Speaking general B.Strange to say C.Luckily D.Of course
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的形容詞或其短語有：true(真的)，funny(真可笑)，needless to say(不用說)，most important of all(最為重要)，worse still(更糟糕的)，even better(更好)等。
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光環(huán)) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
2.2022年下半年英語四級高級語法參考
非謂語動詞
幾種做句子成分的情況
1.不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別
(1)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗)
(2)不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別
(1)不定式作表語
1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做兩件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。
2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。
To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
(2)動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。
Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。
(3)分詞作表語
分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。
interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的
exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的
puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的
satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。Travelling is interesting but tiring.
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的論點很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。
3.不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別
begin開始 determine決定 manage設(shè)法 agree同意 love 喜歡 fail不能 plan計劃
(2)有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語
acknowledge承認，admit 承認 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 complete完成
appreciate 感激，欣賞 avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜愛 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 deny否認
consider 考慮 fancy幻想，愛好 mind 介意 miss錯過 finish完成，結(jié)束不得 resist抵抗，阻止 imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲，延期 practise 實行，實踐 suggest建議 prevent阻止
keep保持 quit放棄停止 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
我很感激兩年前給我出國學(xué)習(xí)的機會。
(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別
1)forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)
2)stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
3)remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾
regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法
6) mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味著
3.2022年下半年英語四級高級語法參考
全部倒裝：
①當首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go，come等時通常用全部倒裝。
② 如果句首出現(xiàn)了地點狀語，句子也可以進行全部倒裝。
③ 當句子當中出現(xiàn)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，可以把現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯(lián)系在一起放在句首，把be 動詞留在中間當作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。
部分倒裝：
1、當句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，這個句子就需要部分倒裝。
2、當句首為only加狀語的時候，這個句子需要部分倒裝。
3、so......that 結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時，常引起部分倒裝。
4、句子開頭的as 處在第二個單詞的位置上，表示雖然的意思。
5、常見的固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用倒裝的情況。
hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....：
hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用過去完成時，when 后面用一般過去時;the more ......the more... 越....越.... ;
實例練習(xí)(1)
1.直到他完成使命(Not until he had fufilled/finished his mission)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.06)
2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不應(yīng)該對法庭撒謊。(07.12)
3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感覺安全和放松。he feels secure and relaxed. (07.6)
4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收費過高, but he didn't do a good repair job either. (06.6)
5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意識到他是無辜的。
6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到達運動場。
閱讀中的倒裝：
1. Among the report are more outrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings - a Geman fertilizer described itself as "earthworm-friendly", a brand of flour said it was " non- polluting", and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".(05.06閱讀)
該報道當中，有很多讓人無法忍受的發(fā)現(xiàn)，如：一種德國肥料被描繪成“對蚯蚓無害”;一種新的品牌的面粉寫道“沒有任何污染”;還有一家英國公司的衛(wèi)生紙被宣稱為“環(huán)保者”。
2. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become me reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore.(07.06閱讀)
幾年前的一天，我說了一句話并最終成為我對任何和全部挑釁的回答：關(guān)于那個問題我再也不討論了。
3. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. (03.01閱讀)
與新技術(shù)息息相關(guān)的是一些現(xiàn)代商人，他們?nèi)找婵粗貒馍獾慕?jīng)濟價值。
實例練習(xí)(2)
1. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.(06.12閱讀)
萃取自加拿大紐芬蘭沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受歡迎程度一再創(chuàng)出新高。
閱讀當中遇到的句型：
一般情況下開始出現(xiàn)了地點狀語或者是分詞引導(dǎo)的一個狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，中間出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞，后面出現(xiàn)一個主語，主語后面接上一些限定(包括從句、補充說明等)，這種形式就是出現(xiàn)的全部倒裝的形式。
2. Not only has the highway systerm affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. (0606閱讀)
公路系統(tǒng)不但為美國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供了運輸路線，還帶動了一批諸如加油站、汽車旅館、酒店、購物中心等相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展。
3. Only when it's gone do you wish you've done more to protect it.(0806閱讀)
當你失去的時候，你才會希望自己原來能夠多做點事情以保護好它。
only后面必須接狀語的時候，句子才可以部分倒裝。 eg. Only you can do this job.
4. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.(0706閱讀)
我們不僅要找出疼痛的病因，幫助我們更好地治療;還要提供綜合療法，治療與慢性疼痛相關(guān)的抑郁癥和其他心理與社交問題。
5. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.(0906閱讀)
如果我不是參加了這次講習(xí)班，我肯定會不由自主地認為那位男士候選人更合適，因為我們這個空缺的崗位需要頻繁出差。
6. It is said that never before has man been so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale.
據(jù)說人們從來沒有過這么大的成功嘗試用這么小的規(guī)模去描述氣候。
1.2022年下半年英語四級高級語法參考
插入語
插入語通常是說話者對所表達意思的一種補充、強調(diào)、解釋或者是說話人的一種態(tài)度。它的位置比較靈活，常常會用逗號或者破折號和其他部分隔開，但是在語法上不會影響其他成分。
插入語六大用法小結(jié)
例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
小結(jié)：許多分詞短語可以用作插入語，這樣的分詞短語有：strictly speaking(嚴格地說)，generally considering(一般認為)， judging from……(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.
A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的副詞或副詞短語有：indeed(的確)，surely(無疑)，however(然而)，frankly(坦率地說)，obviously(顯然)，naturally(天然地)，luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸運)，fortunately(幸好)，strangely(奇怪)，briefly(簡單地說)等。
例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，_____， you failed.
A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的介詞短語有：in conclusion(總之)，in a word(簡而言之)，in short(簡而言之)，in general(一般說來)，in a sense(在某種意義上)，in my view(在我看來)，in his opinion(按照他的看法)，in fact(事實上)，at first(首先)， in addition(此外)，of course(當然)，to my surprise(使我驚奇的)，to her regret(使她遺憾的)，for example(例如)等。
例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What‘s more B.That is to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not
小結(jié)：用簡短的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語，它們常置于句中或句末。這類簡短的句子有：I am sure(我可以肯定地說)，I believe(我相信)，do you know(你知道嗎)，you see(你明白)，I’m afraid(恐怕)，it is said(據(jù)說)，I suppose(我想)，what’s more(而且)，what’s worse(更糟糕的是)，that is(也就是說)，what is important(重要的是)等。
例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.
A.To be frank B.What’s more C.In addition D.However
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的不定式短語有：to be sure(無疑地)，to sum up(概括地說)，to tell the truth(老實說)等。
例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.
A.Speaking general B.Strange to say C.Luckily D.Of course
小結(jié)：常用作插入語的形容詞或其短語有：true(真的)，funny(真可笑)，needless to say(不用說)，most important of all(最為重要)，worse still(更糟糕的)，even better(更好)等。
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光環(huán)) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
2.2022年下半年英語四級高級語法參考
非謂語動詞
幾種做句子成分的情況
1.不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別
(1)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗)
(2)不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別
(1)不定式作表語
1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做兩件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。
2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。
To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
(2)動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。
Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。
(3)分詞作表語
分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。
interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的
exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的
puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的
satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。Travelling is interesting but tiring.
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的論點很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。
3.不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別
begin開始 determine決定 manage設(shè)法 agree同意 love 喜歡 fail不能 plan計劃
(2)有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語
acknowledge承認，admit 承認 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 complete完成
appreciate 感激，欣賞 avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜愛 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 deny否認
consider 考慮 fancy幻想，愛好 mind 介意 miss錯過 finish完成，結(jié)束不得 resist抵抗，阻止 imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲，延期 practise 實行，實踐 suggest建議 prevent阻止
keep保持 quit放棄停止 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
我很感激兩年前給我出國學(xué)習(xí)的機會。
(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別
1)forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)
2)stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
3)remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾
regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法
6) mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味著
3.2022年下半年英語四級高級語法參考
全部倒裝：
①當首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go，come等時通常用全部倒裝。
② 如果句首出現(xiàn)了地點狀語，句子也可以進行全部倒裝。
③ 當句子當中出現(xiàn)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，可以把現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯(lián)系在一起放在句首，把be 動詞留在中間當作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。
部分倒裝：
1、當句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，這個句子就需要部分倒裝。
2、當句首為only加狀語的時候，這個句子需要部分倒裝。
3、so......that 結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時，常引起部分倒裝。
4、句子開頭的as 處在第二個單詞的位置上，表示雖然的意思。
5、常見的固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用倒裝的情況。
hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....：
hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用過去完成時，when 后面用一般過去時;the more ......the more... 越....越.... ;
實例練習(xí)(1)
1.直到他完成使命(Not until he had fufilled/finished his mission)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.06)
2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不應(yīng)該對法庭撒謊。(07.12)
3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感覺安全和放松。he feels secure and relaxed. (07.6)
4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收費過高, but he didn't do a good repair job either. (06.6)
5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意識到他是無辜的。
6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到達運動場。
閱讀中的倒裝：
1. Among the report are more outrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings - a Geman fertilizer described itself as "earthworm-friendly", a brand of flour said it was " non- polluting", and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".(05.06閱讀)
該報道當中，有很多讓人無法忍受的發(fā)現(xiàn)，如：一種德國肥料被描繪成“對蚯蚓無害”;一種新的品牌的面粉寫道“沒有任何污染”;還有一家英國公司的衛(wèi)生紙被宣稱為“環(huán)保者”。
2. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become me reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore.(07.06閱讀)
幾年前的一天，我說了一句話并最終成為我對任何和全部挑釁的回答：關(guān)于那個問題我再也不討論了。
3. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. (03.01閱讀)
與新技術(shù)息息相關(guān)的是一些現(xiàn)代商人，他們?nèi)找婵粗貒馍獾慕?jīng)濟價值。
實例練習(xí)(2)
1. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.(06.12閱讀)
萃取自加拿大紐芬蘭沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受歡迎程度一再創(chuàng)出新高。
閱讀當中遇到的句型：
一般情況下開始出現(xiàn)了地點狀語或者是分詞引導(dǎo)的一個狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，中間出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞，后面出現(xiàn)一個主語，主語后面接上一些限定(包括從句、補充說明等)，這種形式就是出現(xiàn)的全部倒裝的形式。
2. Not only has the highway systerm affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. (0606閱讀)
公路系統(tǒng)不但為美國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供了運輸路線，還帶動了一批諸如加油站、汽車旅館、酒店、購物中心等相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展。
3. Only when it's gone do you wish you've done more to protect it.(0806閱讀)
當你失去的時候，你才會希望自己原來能夠多做點事情以保護好它。
only后面必須接狀語的時候，句子才可以部分倒裝。 eg. Only you can do this job.
4. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.(0706閱讀)
我們不僅要找出疼痛的病因，幫助我們更好地治療;還要提供綜合療法，治療與慢性疼痛相關(guān)的抑郁癥和其他心理與社交問題。
5. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.(0906閱讀)
如果我不是參加了這次講習(xí)班，我肯定會不由自主地認為那位男士候選人更合適，因為我們這個空缺的崗位需要頻繁出差。
6. It is said that never before has man been so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale.
據(jù)說人們從來沒有過這么大的成功嘗試用這么小的規(guī)模去描述氣候。