動(dòng) 詞 的 語(yǔ) 態(tài)
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Passive Voice)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：
Many people speak English . (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
English is spoken by many people. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問(wèn)式列表如下：
肯 定 句： 主語(yǔ)+ be+ 過(guò)去分詞 +(by…) eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).
否 定 句：主語(yǔ)+ be not +過(guò)去分詞 +(by…) eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be + 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+ (by…)? eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+ be+主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞+ (by…)? eg. What is this sweater made of?
現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞give為例，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)如下：
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3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：
1)當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如：
This jacket is made of cotton.
English is spoken in many countries in the world.
1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：The boy was saved at last.這個(gè)男孩最后得救了。
2) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟:
主動(dòng)句: The boy broke the window yesterday.
被動(dòng)句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
步驟一：原句中的賓語(yǔ)the window變成主語(yǔ)。
步驟二：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞broke改為被動(dòng)形式：was broken
步驟三：原句中的主語(yǔ)The boy放在介詞by的后面。
步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。
5) 有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
A. 可有兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。
1. He gave me the book just now.
The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.
2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.
The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.
= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.
B. 通常用直接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)的一些動(dòng)詞有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。
1. He wrote her a letter.
A letter was written to her.
My mother made me a skirt.
A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.
練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)!
一、選擇填空
1.The question ______by us soon.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.
A.must look after B.must be taken care
C.must be looked after D.must take care of
3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.
A.have looked B.haven’t looked
C.have been looked D.haven’t been looked
4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.
A. are taken B.was taken
C.had taken D.had been taken
5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More.
A.was made for B.was made to
C.made for D.makes for
1----5 CCDDA
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