美國威廉瑪麗學(xué)院成立于1693年，是美國第二古老的大學(xué)，目前美國排名位居103位。下面是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)為大家整理并翻譯的威廉瑪麗學(xué)院基本概況，供大家參考。
一、關(guān)于威廉瑪麗學(xué)院
The College of William and Mary, one of the nation's premier state-assisted liberal arts universities, believes that excellence in teaching is the key to unlocking intellectual and personal possibilities for students. Dedicated to this philosophy and committed to limited enrollment, the College provides high-quality undergraduate, graduate and professional education that prepares students to make significant contributions to the Commonwealth of Virginia and the nation. In recognition, the media have included William and Mary among the nation's prestigious "Public Ivys," and ranked it first among state institutions in terms of commitment to teaching. The academic atmosphere at WM, firmly grounded in a venerated liberal arts tradition, is a combination of juxtapositions: thinking and doing, tradition and innovation, collaboration and independence, teaching and research.
威廉瑪麗學(xué)院堅(jiān)定地相信優(yōu)質(zhì)的教學(xué)是激發(fā)學(xué)生知識潛力和個(gè)人能力的關(guān)鍵，它是美國最重要的州立文科大學(xué)之一。學(xué)校遵循這一理念，堅(jiān)持有限制招生。其高質(zhì)量的本科、研究生和職業(yè)教育讓學(xué)生有能力為弗吉尼亞州和美國做出重大貢獻(xiàn)。為了表示認(rèn)可，媒體已將威廉瑪麗學(xué)院列為美國著名“公立常春藤盟?！钡囊粏T。在教學(xué)承諾指標(biāo)上，學(xué)校被列為州立大學(xué)之首。威廉瑪麗學(xué)院有牢固的備受尊崇的文科教育傳統(tǒng)。在其學(xué)術(shù)氛圍中，思與做、傳統(tǒng)與創(chuàng)新、合作與獨(dú)立、教學(xué)與科研均得到了體現(xiàn)。
Faculty staff and students (by QS)
| Number of academic faculty staff | Number of students | Number of international students | |||
| In total | 761 | In total | 8193 | In total | 689 |
| International | 45 | Postgraduate | 24% | Postgraduate | 45% |
| Undergraduate | 76% | Undergraduate | 55% | ||
師生人數(shù)(QS提供)
| 專業(yè)教員人數(shù) | 學(xué)生人數(shù) | 國際學(xué)生人數(shù) | |||
| 總共 | 761 | 總共 | 8193 | 總共 | 689 |
| 國際教員 | 45 | 研究生占比 | 24% | 研究生占比 | 45% |
| 本科生占比 | 76% | 本科生占比 | 55% | ||
二、威廉瑪麗學(xué)院的歷史
William & Mary is the second-oldest college in America. The original plans for W&M date back to 1618 — decades before Harvard — but were derailed by an "Indian uprising." We couldn't make this stuff up.
On February 8, 1693, King William III and Queen Mary II of England signed the charter for a "perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages, and other good Arts and Sciences" to be founded in the Virginia Colony. And William & Mary was born.
Workers began construction on the Sir Christopher Wren Building, then known simply as the College Building in 1695, before the town of Williamsburg even existed. Over the next two centuries, the Wren Building would burn on three separate occasions, each time being re-built inside the original walls. That makes the Wren the oldest college building still standing in America, and possibly the most flammable.
William & Mary has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its close ties to America's founding fathers. A 17-year-old George Washington received his surveyor's license through W&M and would return as its first American chancellor. Thomas Jefferson received his undergraduate education here, as did presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.
W&M is famous for its firsts: the first U.S. institution with a Royal Charter, the first Greek-letter society (Phi Beta Kappa, founded in 1776), the first student honor code, the first college to become a university and the first law school in America.
William & Mary became a state-supported school in 1906 and went coed in 1918. In 1928, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. chose the Wren as the first building to be returned to its 18th-century appearance as part of the iconic Colonial Williamsburg restoration.
威廉瑪麗學(xué)院是美國第二古老的大學(xué)。最初的建校計(jì)劃是在1618年，比哈佛還早了幾十年，不過一次印第安起義將計(jì)劃打亂了。這些都是事實(shí)。
1698年2月8日，英王威廉三世和瑪麗女王二世簽署特許，允許在弗吉尼亞殖民地成立一所永久性的涵蓋神學(xué)、哲學(xué)、語言和其他文理學(xué)科的大學(xué)。威廉瑪麗學(xué)院因此誕生。
工程最先從克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士樓(1695年更名為學(xué)院樓)開始。當(dāng)時(shí)威廉斯堡小鎮(zhèn)也還有出現(xiàn)。在后面的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)里，克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士樓三次被焚毀，但每一次都在原來的樓墻內(nèi)得到了重建。因此克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士樓是美國迄今猶存在最古老的學(xué)院樓，很可能也是遭遇火災(zāi)次數(shù)最多的學(xué)院樓。
威廉瑪麗學(xué)院由于與美國一些開國元?jiǎng)钻P(guān)系緊密，因此也被稱作美國的母校。17歲的喬治華盛頓在這里拿到了他的測量員執(zhí)照，并成了學(xué)校的首任校長。托馬斯杰斐遜、約翰·泰勒和詹姆斯·門羅等美國總統(tǒng)也是在這里完成了本科教育。
威廉瑪麗學(xué)院有許多第一，并以此著稱。它是美國第一所獲得皇家特許權(quán)的大學(xué)，是第一個(gè)以希臘字母為名稱的協(xié)會即成立于1776年的美國大學(xué)優(yōu)等生榮譽(yù)學(xué)會的誕生地。是最先指定學(xué)生榮譽(yù)規(guī)章的大學(xué)，是最先升為大學(xué)的高校，也是美國第一個(gè)法學(xué)院誕生地。
1906年，威廉瑪麗學(xué)院得到州的支持，成為一所州立學(xué)府。1918年招生學(xué)生，成為男女同校的大學(xué)。1928年，作為殖民地威廉斯堡的一部分，John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 選擇了克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士樓，讓其恢復(fù)到18世紀(jì)的模樣。
William & Mary 1618 - 1699
1618, November 18
The Virginia Company of London gave orders for the laying out of grounds for a university at Henrico, of which an Indian School was to be a branch, and endowed it with 10,000 acres of land. Henrico was on the north side of the James River, 12 miles below the present city of Richmond.
1619, May 26
Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the Virginia Company, reported that ￡1,500 had been collected toward the proposed college, following authorization of King James I that each bishop in England makes a collection in his diocese for the purpose.
1619, July 31
The General Assembly of Virginia petitioned the Company to send workmen from England for "erecting the University and College."
1620, May 11
George Thorpe was appointed by the Virginia Company as the first deputy in charge of the College lands.
1622, March 22
An Indian uprising left 347 colonists dead. Thorpe was killed and Henrico annihilated. When the charter of the Virginia Company was revoked in 1624, Virginia became a royal colony and plans for the College were abandoned.
1661
The General Assembly passed an act authorizing the purchase of land for a college and free school, but no progress was made on the plan at the time.
1690
The clergy of the Church of England in Virginia adopted at a convention "Several Propositions" for founding a college to consist of three schools: grammar, philosophy and divinity. On July 25, 1690, Lieutenant Governor Francis Nicholson authorized several gentlemen to take subscriptions in Virginia for the proposed college, and on the same day the clergy issued an appeal for financial support to merchants in England who were trading in Virginia.
1691, May
The Reverend James Blair, commissary or representative in Virginia of the Bishop of London, was issued instructions by the General Assembly for the founding of a college, and was sent to England to present a request to the King and Queen to grant a charter for a college.
1693, February 8
King William III and Queen Mary II granted a charter to establish The College of William and Mary in Virginia. The King provided ￡1,985 14s l0d from quitrents in Virginia, a penny tax on every pound of tobacco exported from Maryland and Virginia to countries other than England, the "Profits" from the surveyor-general's office and 10,000 acres each in the Pamunkey Neck and on Blackwater Swamp. The Reverend James Blair was named president of the College and served until his death in 1743.
1618-1699年的威廉瑪麗學(xué)院
1618年11月8日
倫敦弗吉尼亞公司計(jì)劃在亨利科成立一所大學(xué)，設(shè)印第安分校，并為此捐贈一萬英畝土地。亨利科位于詹姆斯河北岸，距離現(xiàn)在的里士滿12英里。
1619年5月26日
根弗吉尼亞公司的財(cái)務(wù)主管埃德溫·桑茲爵士報(bào)告，已為學(xué)院籌集了1千5百英鎊資金。在此之前，英王詹姆斯一世已授權(quán)，讓英格蘭各主教在教區(qū)籌集資金。
1619年7月31日
弗吉尼亞州議會請求弗吉尼亞公司提供人力支援，從英格蘭派遣工人到弗吉尼亞。
1620年5月11日
弗吉尼亞公司任命喬治索普為第一副總經(jīng)理，負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)院的建筑工作。
1622年3月22日
印第安人起義，導(dǎo)致347位殖民者喪生。喬治索普被殺，亨利科被廢止。1624年，弗吉尼亞公司的特許證被撤銷，弗吉尼亞淪為皇家殖民地。成立學(xué)院的計(jì)劃也被放棄。
1661年
州議會通過法案，準(zhǔn)許為學(xué)院和自由學(xué)校購買土地，不過這個(gè)計(jì)劃在當(dāng)時(shí)沒有取得進(jìn)展。
1690年
英國教會在弗吉尼亞的牧師遵循了“多種對策”的傳統(tǒng)做法，以成立涵蓋語法、哲學(xué)和神學(xué)的三個(gè)學(xué)校。1690年7月25日，時(shí)任副總督的弗蘭西斯尼克爾森批準(zhǔn)了提案并向當(dāng)?shù)厣倘颂岢龌I資需求。
1691年5月，時(shí)任倫敦大主教代表的詹姆斯·布萊爾牧師(Rev.James Blair 1656-1743)受命前往英國覲見威廉三世與瑪麗二世，并提出希望獲得憲章(charter)以建立大學(xué)的請求。
1693年2月8日
英王威廉三世和瑪麗女王二世特許，在弗吉尼亞成立威廉瑪麗學(xué)院。威廉三世從弗吉尼亞的免役稅(quitrent)中列支了1885英鎊14先令又10便士提供給大學(xué)建設(shè)。