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2021年考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀句子實(shí)用解析
?2008年text1
第一段：While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.該段有兩句話(huà)，首句話(huà)有關(guān)鍵詞while，表轉(zhuǎn)折讓步，因此著重把握后半句，女人在一方面是超越男人的。接下來(lái)是研究者的話(huà)也是很重要的，跟男人相比，女人在面對(duì)壓力時(shí)更容易沮喪和焦慮不安。
第二段首句：Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 該句話(huà)在說(shuō)荷爾蒙使得女人產(chǎn)生更多激發(fā)壓力的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
中間各段落(瀏覽)三：Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.該句是說(shuō)女人有更多機(jī)會(huì)產(chǎn)生壓力。四：Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.除了上邊兩段分別講了化學(xué)物質(zhì)量不同、機(jī)會(huì)多少不同，該段又闡述了另一個(gè)不同。五：Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.這是個(gè)關(guān)于壓力大的女人的例子。
末段：Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.該段要注意but這一關(guān)鍵詞，又是在重申女人們承受著諸多壓力，并建議要及時(shí)紓解壓力。
因此，總結(jié)來(lái)看，這篇文章首先提出結(jié)論--解釋原因(三方面，并舉例說(shuō)明主題)--解決辦法。這樣在做主題題目時(shí)，就會(huì)易如反掌。
25、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress.
A選項(xiàng)在講方法，而涉及到辦法的只有最后一段簡(jiǎn)單提及一下，并沒(méi)有全篇論述;
C是涉及到原因的，但只涉及到三方面原因之一;
有爭(zhēng)議的是AD選項(xiàng)，都涉及到男女對(duì)待壓力的不同，而相對(duì)于A選項(xiàng)，D還更加強(qiáng)調(diào)了女性，因此結(jié)合文章首尾段的觀點(diǎn)，這是比A概括更全面的答案。
?2010年text2
第一段：Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon. com received one for its“one-click”online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.該段是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一句引領(lǐng)全段，后三句是三個(gè)小例子支撐第一句?？赐甑谝痪?，千萬(wàn)別覺(jué)得是文章主題。從這要明白，不是所有文章都是在首段出現(xiàn)主題，一二段交接處很關(guān)鍵。
第二段首句：Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.要注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化，首段是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這段筆尖一轉(zhuǎn)，用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，并且內(nèi)容是就首段的現(xiàn)象采取措施，關(guān)鍵的詞語(yǔ)是scale back，下邊的定語(yǔ)從句就不是那么重要了。這一句話(huà)同樣也是文章的主題。
中間各段落(瀏覽)三：Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because......關(guān)鍵詞curb on對(duì)應(yīng)的是scale back，即對(duì)于這些專(zhuān)利的減少和限制。原因是細(xì)節(jié)，我們暫且不看。四：The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.看到case，這是一個(gè)例子，我們做到心里有數(shù)就可以。
末段：The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions”that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court”says Harole C.wegner, a patent attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.該段首句并沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容，而第二句又在重申話(huà)題---narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders,narrow沿襲上邊的scale back和curb on。往下看，是涉及到例子的不用看。
因此，總結(jié)來(lái)看，這篇文章這樣進(jìn)行的構(gòu)架：1、現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)狀：over the past decades,.....2、要發(fā)生的變化：scale back/curb on/例子/narrow down。要注意主題從二段開(kāi)始，并且注意時(shí)態(tài)是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變的信號(hào)。這樣在做主題題目時(shí)，就會(huì)易如反掌。
30、 Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to business--method patents
[B] Protection for business--method patent holders
[C] A legal case regarding business--method patents
[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents.
圍繞著business--method patents來(lái)說(shuō)，從關(guān)鍵詞scale back/curb on/例子/narrow down可以非常迅速排除B這一相反選項(xiàng)--protection;
而C是個(gè)例子不能夠概括文章主題;
剩下AD,方向是對(duì)的，錯(cuò)在細(xì)節(jié)把握上，一個(gè)是looming(隱約出現(xiàn)的)，一個(gè)是prevailing(盛行的)，所以單詞的記憶還是很關(guān)鍵的，這一趨勢(shì)剛剛開(kāi)始，并未大范圍開(kāi)展。