2019年考研英語一閱讀理解真題已公布，小編為大家提供2019考研英語一閱讀理解真題及答案解析(text1)，一起來學習一下吧！
2019考研英語一閱讀理解真題(text1)
Text 1
Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”
In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. "There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance .
Much more could be done to encourage “l(fā)ong-termism，” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the
A. enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility
B. help corporations achieve larger profits
C. build a new system of financial regulation
D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives
22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate
A. the conditions for generating quick profits
B. governments’ impatience in decision-making
C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies
D. “short-termism” in economic activities
23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be
A. indirect
B. adverse
C. minimal
D. temporary
24. The US and France examples and used to illustrate
A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.
B. the significance of long-term thinking.
C. the approaches to promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”.
D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue
C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
2019考研英語一閱讀理解答案解析(text1)
21. 答案【A】 enhance bankers’sense of responsibility
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Paragraph 1和one motive in imposing the new rule定位到第一段第三句。The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.這項“回扣”規(guī)則的主要目的是讓銀行家為有害的風險承擔責任，并恢復公眾對金融機構的信任。正確答案A的enhance bankers’sense of responsibility增強銀行家的責任感,是原文的同義表達。干擾項B的help corporations achieve larger profits幫助公司獲得更大的利潤，并未提及，是常識性干擾。選項C的build a new system of financial regulation建立新的金融監(jiān)管體系，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有;選項D的guarantee the bonuses of top executives保證高層管理人員的獎金與原文提到的 any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years 任何有保證的高管獎金都可能推遲10年，表述相反，屬于正反混淆。
22. 答案【D】 “short-termism” in economic activities
解析：本題目為例證題，考察論據(jù)和論點的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Alfred Marshall地位到第二段三句，但是考察論點，定位到論據(jù)的上一句，“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies“短期主義”或對快速獲利的渴望，在公開交易的公司中變得更加嚴重。正確選項D short-termism” in economic activities經(jīng)濟活動中的短期主義，其中主語short-termism是原文的原詞。干擾項A的the conditions for generating quick profits快速獲利的條件，并非論點內(nèi)容。選項B政府決策缺乏耐心，無關內(nèi)容。選項C the solid structure of publicly traded companies上市公司穩(wěn)健結構，原文并未提及。
23. 答案【B】 adverse
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)內(nèi)容。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞the influence of transient investment on public companies定位到原文第三段第二句，. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. 會妨礙公司投資于長期研究或建立客戶忠誠度的努力，因此可知此影響是不好的，正確選項B adverse不利的，A選項 indirect，不直接的 選項C minima 極小值 D temporary 暫時的，因此只有B正確。
24. 答案【C】 the approaches to promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”.
解析：本題目為例證題，考察論點論據(jù)內(nèi)容。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞US and France examples定位到原文五六段，五段為美國的例子，六段為法國的例子，第六段首句承前啟后過渡到Much more could be done to encourage “l(fā)ong-termism，”要鼓勵“長期主義”，還有很多工作要做。正確選項C the approaches to promoting “l(fā)ong-termism”.促進“長期主義”的方法。為原文的同意轉換
25 答案【B】 Patience as a Corporate Virtue
解析：本題目為主旨題，考察全文的主旨要義?？v觀全文，文章圍繞西方國家的金融行業(yè)的短期主義投資和長期主義投資展開，第一段由一項限制高管津貼措施引出話題。第二段介紹英國短期主義占主流，三段短期主義的弊端，四段介紹美國現(xiàn)階段的短期主義投資。五段六段舉例美國，法國為促進短期主義投資的措施，尾段再次呼應首段，注意長期投資。B 選項Patience對應原文的short temisim和 long temisim, corporate原文多次出現(xiàn)，為本文的關鍵詞，選項A Failure of Quarterly Capitalism 季度資本主義的失敗選項C Decisiveness Required of Top Executives高管需要決斷力D Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers 冒險銀行家的挫敗感，都不能概括全文，只有B選項正確
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