TOFEL作文考試意在衡量考生對書面英語的歷屆、組織和運(yùn)用各種英語句型、詞匯來闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)及理由的能力。
TOEFL作文的評分采取全面評判的形式，即重點(diǎn)考核總體的表達(dá)效果，而不過分用語法上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來細(xì)究結(jié)構(gòu)、拼寫、邊點(diǎn)和詞匯用法之類的錯誤?？忌鷷蛭恼抡w表達(dá)效果而得分。
一、 六分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述充分，即能展開討論，論據(jù)或說明比較充分，文章具有說服力；段落組織有序，銜接緊密、過度自 然，有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性；段落內(nèi)句與句連接順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)、靈活、成熟；用詞準(zhǔn)確、得體。文章中可有個別語法和拼寫錯誤，但不影響內(nèi)容表達(dá)。通篇文章給人的印象是作者有較強(qiáng)的寫作能力，在修辭、句法、詞匯等方面的英語水平達(dá)到了一定的高度。
二、 五分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述基本充分，在某些細(xì)節(jié)上有缺陷；段落層次組織有序，銜接緊密、過度自然、邏輯性強(qiáng)；句子間聯(lián)系順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)、靈活，有少量語法錯誤；用詞基本得體，有少量用詞不當(dāng)和拼寫錯誤。文章給人的總體印象是作者有較強(qiáng)的寫作能力，英語水平不錯，但與六分作文相比，文章的錯誤略多，作者的語言功底略欠缺。
三、 四分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述尚可，展開不夠；段落組織有序，銜接緊密，有邏輯性；句子間連接基本順暢，有部分語法錯誤；用詞一般，有時不得體（如"大詞"與"小詞"隨便使用，缺少文體意識），詞性區(qū)分和拼寫有若干錯誤?？傮w印象是文章框架結(jié)構(gòu)與連貫較好，各方面的錯誤有一些，英語水平一般化。
四、 三分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；段落組織基本合理，有邏輯性，但只存在于語義層次上，語言表層上未能體現(xiàn)；句子框架結(jié)構(gòu)基本成立，但有許多語法錯誤，句間聯(lián)系不順暢，由于不善于使用邏輯連接詞顯得語言幼稚、生硬；詞匯方面拼寫錯誤多，常有詞不達(dá)意的現(xiàn)象。總體印象是英語水平不夠、寫作能力較差，基本的詞、詞法、句法等功底有限，修辭與文體知識尚未入門，能勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)自己，但表達(dá)能力收到語言水平的限制。
五、 二分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述沒有展開，只是局限于三言兩語地回答問題；沒有段落組織，很亂，文章很短，只有一段；句子排列有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，能看出各句的基本框架，但結(jié)構(gòu)或語法錯誤較多；用詞不得體，拼寫錯誤多?？偟挠∠笫怯⒄Z水平低，寫作能力差，尚未分清口語、書面語言及各種文體間的界限。由于文章過短或過亂，問題沒有展開討論，造成語言和內(nèi)容兩方面都有嚴(yán)重的不足。
六、 一分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章在各方面都有嚴(yán)重錯誤，文章、句式都不夠清楚。總的印象是根本沒有寫作能力，英語水平太低，夠不上二分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只能給最低分。 以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提醒我們:
（1）作文要有一定的長度，以便將論點(diǎn)展開，把問題談清楚。
（2）文章應(yīng)有若干段落，段之間應(yīng)有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性，使文章連貫，呼應(yīng)，有頭有尾。
（3）句與句之間銜接要緊密，不能胡亂堆積，給人一盤散沙的感覺。
下面給出按各評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的范文，僅供參考。
題目：Some intensive English programs in the United States offer a foreign student the option of living with an American family while he or she is studying abroad. Many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their total learning experience. However, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. In a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an American family and then state one or two disadvantages. Tell whether you are in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. Give examples to support your opinion.
范文一（6分）
A foreign student who plans to come to the United States must have some definite goals in mind. For the student who wants to improve his English quickly and learn about American customs firsthand, there is often an opportunity to live with an American family. There may be one or two disadvantages to this living arrangement; however, I believe that there are far more advantages.
First of all, some minor disadvantages to living with an American family include both a lack of privacy and little opportunity to have independence (be independent). For instance, the foreign student may find that the family expects him to join them in group activities such as watching television and going on picnics. At times, however, he might enjoy staying in his room to read or to write letters to his family and friends. Another drawback to living in an American home involves the possibility that the family may treat the student like a child. For example, the parents may want to decide who his friends will be and where he will go during his leisure time away from home.
Even though there may be one or two disadvantages to living with an American family, the advantages far outweigh them. By taking part in a home-stay program, the student has an excellent opportunity to learn about American customs. He will find out how to behave in different social situations such as parties and serimonies (ceremonies) and how to dress (dress on) these occasions. Also, he will learn about many other aspects of the American way of life, such as the way schools are run in the United States. With a family lose by, he can ask questions about attendance rules and school costs. The family will make certain that he becomes acquainted with this new way of life, and soon he will feel at home.
Another advantage to lining with an American family is that the student is in an ideal environment to improve his English. For example, each time he has a conversation with someone in the family, this native speaker can help him with his pronounciation (pronunciation) and grammer (grammar). Maybe the younger children in the family can help the student with his homework, too. But the most important thing is that he will be surround (surrounded) by English most of the time during his stay in the United States.
Although I agree that there may be a couple of disadvantages to living with an American family, I feel that the advantages are more obvious. In a home-stay program, the student can learn about American customs in the most natural way possible. In addition, he will find himself in an atmosphere in which his English will certainly improve. In my opinion, these are the two most important goals for him to consider, and living with an American family is the best way to achieve them.
范文二（5分）
Every year, many foreign students go to America to study English. Some of this (them) will participate in a home-stay program and live with an American family. However, others will take (make) a different decision. They will live with friends from their own country. I believe that if a foreign student looks at both possibilities, he will decide to live with an american (American) family. Even though there are one or two drawbacks to the home-stay way (option), there are far more benefits.
In taking (making) his decision about how to live in the United States, the foreign student is smart (wise) to consider one or two disadvantages to living with an American family. First of all, he must realize that he is going to feel homesick at first. Living in an American home with people of other (another) language and culture may cause this feeling to increase. Also, the american family could become very protective of him. They may ask him where he is going when he leaves home and when he will return. Despite these two disadvantages, there is a stronger idea (argument) in favor of living with Americans.
By living in american (an American) home, the student has (has an) opportunity to become familiar with American customs and culture. For instance, he will learn how important the (the importance of ) family closeness is (closeness). He can see how the children communicate with their parents and how the parents educate their children. He will not feel like a stranger because the American family will help him adjusting (adjust) to a new life.
In an American home, he can learn English fast. Family members can help him with his homeworks (homework). When he speaks English, they can point (point out )his errors. In this way, he can learn English naturally.
Although there are some disadvantage (disadvantages) to living with an American family, there are heavier (greater) benefits. If the foreign student at first realizes the values of learning about a new culture and improving his English at the same time, he will definitely choose to experience a home-stay in the United States. With an American family, he will find studying there a very big (rewarding) experience.
范文三（4分）
After a foreign student has decided to come to the United States to study English, he must think about where (where he) is going to live and with whom. I believe that he should live with (an) American family if he can becuase (because) they can give him the support (that) he needs. They can help him improve his English, too.
To begin with, the foreigner who inhabits (lives) with an American family can rely on them for suprot (support) as he adjusts to a complete (completely) new way of life. Suppose that (This is especially helpful if) he becomes homesick.
Another advantage to living with an American family is (that) the student can improve his English quick (quickly). He will met (meet) friends who came (come) to visit. he (He ) will force (be forced) to use English whether he wants to or not.
As far as disadvantages are concerned, I see only one (one:) he may be treated like a baby. The family (family will) want to protect him from danger (dangerous) situations.
I will conclude by saying that even is the student has to put up (with) being treated like a child sometimes, he is better off the live (living) with an American family which they (who) can help home. He will find kindness and support when he is new in the country. Also, he will speak English most of the time.
范文四（3分）
A foreing (foreign) student studying in America is wise to live with an American family because when a foreing (foreign) student came (comes) to the United States he must make many important adjustment (adjustments). A foreing (foreign) student must change to survive in his new imvironment (environment). A foreing (foreign) student also learns how to take on responsibilities concerning his new family, he (; he) adopts (adapts) to their American life style (lifestyle) as they adopt (adapt) to his. It is a learning experience on both parts.
You have a (A student has an) advantage when living (he lives) with an American family. Because (because) they would (he will) learn the american (American) ways and customs better with an american (American) family than if they would live (he lived) with there (his) own homeboys (countrymen).
The american (American) family becomes a second family to the foreing (foreign) student. At times a foreing (foreign) student may get homesick; but having (having) a trustworthy second family can give him the security and acceptance he (that he) needs. He is probably use (used) to having a family around him, so he will feel safe if he lives with an American family. Then he must consider that he will be in a strange place. Everything will be new to you (him).
His American family can help him learn his way around. So (Therefore) foreing (a foreign student) is smart to live with an American family.
范文五（2分）
My opinion about this subject is that it depends in (on) your level of comprehension regard (regarding) conversational english (English). In other words; (words,) if you understand a considerable amount of english (English) language, your best bet would be to chose (choose) living with an American family. But, if your comprehension level is so low, in which (that) a basic communication is not possible, then (it) would be wise to (for) you to choose living with people of your same country and (or) language.
TOEFL作文的評分采取全面評判的形式，即重點(diǎn)考核總體的表達(dá)效果，而不過分用語法上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來細(xì)究結(jié)構(gòu)、拼寫、邊點(diǎn)和詞匯用法之類的錯誤?？忌鷷蛭恼抡w表達(dá)效果而得分。
一、 六分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述充分，即能展開討論，論據(jù)或說明比較充分，文章具有說服力；段落組織有序，銜接緊密、過度自 然，有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性；段落內(nèi)句與句連接順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)、靈活、成熟；用詞準(zhǔn)確、得體。文章中可有個別語法和拼寫錯誤，但不影響內(nèi)容表達(dá)。通篇文章給人的印象是作者有較強(qiáng)的寫作能力，在修辭、句法、詞匯等方面的英語水平達(dá)到了一定的高度。
二、 五分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述基本充分，在某些細(xì)節(jié)上有缺陷；段落層次組織有序，銜接緊密、過度自然、邏輯性強(qiáng)；句子間聯(lián)系順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)、靈活，有少量語法錯誤；用詞基本得體，有少量用詞不當(dāng)和拼寫錯誤。文章給人的總體印象是作者有較強(qiáng)的寫作能力，英語水平不錯，但與六分作文相比，文章的錯誤略多，作者的語言功底略欠缺。
三、 四分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述尚可，展開不夠；段落組織有序，銜接緊密，有邏輯性；句子間連接基本順暢，有部分語法錯誤；用詞一般，有時不得體（如"大詞"與"小詞"隨便使用，缺少文體意識），詞性區(qū)分和拼寫有若干錯誤?？傮w印象是文章框架結(jié)構(gòu)與連貫較好，各方面的錯誤有一些，英語水平一般化。
四、 三分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；段落組織基本合理，有邏輯性，但只存在于語義層次上，語言表層上未能體現(xiàn)；句子框架結(jié)構(gòu)基本成立，但有許多語法錯誤，句間聯(lián)系不順暢，由于不善于使用邏輯連接詞顯得語言幼稚、生硬；詞匯方面拼寫錯誤多，常有詞不達(dá)意的現(xiàn)象。總體印象是英語水平不夠、寫作能力較差，基本的詞、詞法、句法等功底有限，修辭與文體知識尚未入門，能勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)自己，但表達(dá)能力收到語言水平的限制。
五、 二分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章切題；闡述沒有展開，只是局限于三言兩語地回答問題；沒有段落組織，很亂，文章很短，只有一段；句子排列有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，能看出各句的基本框架，但結(jié)構(gòu)或語法錯誤較多；用詞不得體，拼寫錯誤多?？偟挠∠笫怯⒄Z水平低，寫作能力差，尚未分清口語、書面語言及各種文體間的界限。由于文章過短或過亂，問題沒有展開討論，造成語言和內(nèi)容兩方面都有嚴(yán)重的不足。
六、 一分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：文章在各方面都有嚴(yán)重錯誤，文章、句式都不夠清楚。總的印象是根本沒有寫作能力，英語水平太低，夠不上二分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只能給最低分。 以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提醒我們:
（1）作文要有一定的長度，以便將論點(diǎn)展開，把問題談清楚。
（2）文章應(yīng)有若干段落，段之間應(yīng)有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性，使文章連貫，呼應(yīng)，有頭有尾。
（3）句與句之間銜接要緊密，不能胡亂堆積，給人一盤散沙的感覺。
下面給出按各評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的范文，僅供參考。
題目：Some intensive English programs in the United States offer a foreign student the option of living with an American family while he or she is studying abroad. Many students feel that such a home-stay program is a valuable part of their total learning experience. However, others may feel that such a plan offers little value. In a short essay, discuss one or two advantages of living with an American family and then state one or two disadvantages. Tell whether you are in favor of or opposed to the idea of home-stay. Give examples to support your opinion.
范文一（6分）
A foreign student who plans to come to the United States must have some definite goals in mind. For the student who wants to improve his English quickly and learn about American customs firsthand, there is often an opportunity to live with an American family. There may be one or two disadvantages to this living arrangement; however, I believe that there are far more advantages.
First of all, some minor disadvantages to living with an American family include both a lack of privacy and little opportunity to have independence (be independent). For instance, the foreign student may find that the family expects him to join them in group activities such as watching television and going on picnics. At times, however, he might enjoy staying in his room to read or to write letters to his family and friends. Another drawback to living in an American home involves the possibility that the family may treat the student like a child. For example, the parents may want to decide who his friends will be and where he will go during his leisure time away from home.
Even though there may be one or two disadvantages to living with an American family, the advantages far outweigh them. By taking part in a home-stay program, the student has an excellent opportunity to learn about American customs. He will find out how to behave in different social situations such as parties and serimonies (ceremonies) and how to dress (dress on) these occasions. Also, he will learn about many other aspects of the American way of life, such as the way schools are run in the United States. With a family lose by, he can ask questions about attendance rules and school costs. The family will make certain that he becomes acquainted with this new way of life, and soon he will feel at home.
Another advantage to lining with an American family is that the student is in an ideal environment to improve his English. For example, each time he has a conversation with someone in the family, this native speaker can help him with his pronounciation (pronunciation) and grammer (grammar). Maybe the younger children in the family can help the student with his homework, too. But the most important thing is that he will be surround (surrounded) by English most of the time during his stay in the United States.
Although I agree that there may be a couple of disadvantages to living with an American family, I feel that the advantages are more obvious. In a home-stay program, the student can learn about American customs in the most natural way possible. In addition, he will find himself in an atmosphere in which his English will certainly improve. In my opinion, these are the two most important goals for him to consider, and living with an American family is the best way to achieve them.
范文二（5分）
Every year, many foreign students go to America to study English. Some of this (them) will participate in a home-stay program and live with an American family. However, others will take (make) a different decision. They will live with friends from their own country. I believe that if a foreign student looks at both possibilities, he will decide to live with an american (American) family. Even though there are one or two drawbacks to the home-stay way (option), there are far more benefits.
In taking (making) his decision about how to live in the United States, the foreign student is smart (wise) to consider one or two disadvantages to living with an American family. First of all, he must realize that he is going to feel homesick at first. Living in an American home with people of other (another) language and culture may cause this feeling to increase. Also, the american family could become very protective of him. They may ask him where he is going when he leaves home and when he will return. Despite these two disadvantages, there is a stronger idea (argument) in favor of living with Americans.
By living in american (an American) home, the student has (has an) opportunity to become familiar with American customs and culture. For instance, he will learn how important the (the importance of ) family closeness is (closeness). He can see how the children communicate with their parents and how the parents educate their children. He will not feel like a stranger because the American family will help him adjusting (adjust) to a new life.
In an American home, he can learn English fast. Family members can help him with his homeworks (homework). When he speaks English, they can point (point out )his errors. In this way, he can learn English naturally.
Although there are some disadvantage (disadvantages) to living with an American family, there are heavier (greater) benefits. If the foreign student at first realizes the values of learning about a new culture and improving his English at the same time, he will definitely choose to experience a home-stay in the United States. With an American family, he will find studying there a very big (rewarding) experience.
范文三（4分）
After a foreign student has decided to come to the United States to study English, he must think about where (where he) is going to live and with whom. I believe that he should live with (an) American family if he can becuase (because) they can give him the support (that) he needs. They can help him improve his English, too.
To begin with, the foreigner who inhabits (lives) with an American family can rely on them for suprot (support) as he adjusts to a complete (completely) new way of life. Suppose that (This is especially helpful if) he becomes homesick.
Another advantage to living with an American family is (that) the student can improve his English quick (quickly). He will met (meet) friends who came (come) to visit. he (He ) will force (be forced) to use English whether he wants to or not.
As far as disadvantages are concerned, I see only one (one:) he may be treated like a baby. The family (family will) want to protect him from danger (dangerous) situations.
I will conclude by saying that even is the student has to put up (with) being treated like a child sometimes, he is better off the live (living) with an American family which they (who) can help home. He will find kindness and support when he is new in the country. Also, he will speak English most of the time.
范文四（3分）
A foreing (foreign) student studying in America is wise to live with an American family because when a foreing (foreign) student came (comes) to the United States he must make many important adjustment (adjustments). A foreing (foreign) student must change to survive in his new imvironment (environment). A foreing (foreign) student also learns how to take on responsibilities concerning his new family, he (; he) adopts (adapts) to their American life style (lifestyle) as they adopt (adapt) to his. It is a learning experience on both parts.
You have a (A student has an) advantage when living (he lives) with an American family. Because (because) they would (he will) learn the american (American) ways and customs better with an american (American) family than if they would live (he lived) with there (his) own homeboys (countrymen).
The american (American) family becomes a second family to the foreing (foreign) student. At times a foreing (foreign) student may get homesick; but having (having) a trustworthy second family can give him the security and acceptance he (that he) needs. He is probably use (used) to having a family around him, so he will feel safe if he lives with an American family. Then he must consider that he will be in a strange place. Everything will be new to you (him).
His American family can help him learn his way around. So (Therefore) foreing (a foreign student) is smart to live with an American family.
范文五（2分）
My opinion about this subject is that it depends in (on) your level of comprehension regard (regarding) conversational english (English). In other words; (words,) if you understand a considerable amount of english (English) language, your best bet would be to chose (choose) living with an American family. But, if your comprehension level is so low, in which (that) a basic communication is not possible, then (it) would be wise to (for) you to choose living with people of your same country and (or) language.