2008屆高三英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義-情態(tài)動詞
【要點點撥】
1. 表示請求和允許: can, could , may, might. 過去式使語氣更委婉，答語應(yīng)用原形。
--- Could I use your computer tomorrow morning?
--- Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)
2．表示推測：
理論可能性 can
可能性
肯定句 must, may ,might, could
疑問句 can
否定句 can’t (不可能)，may not (可能不)
1)can表示理論上的可能性，指某事或情況可能發(fā)生，但并不說明實際上真的發(fā)生.
Children can be very tiring.
2)反意問句。 He may know the plan, doesn’t he?
You must have studied English before, haven’t you?
You can’ t have been caught in the rain last night, were you?
3．could & be able to
在肯定句中could表示過去有“能力”做，was / were able to表示過去有能力而且確實做成了某一件事， 相當(dāng)于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth.
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
4. may / might as well do sth “還是…好”、“不妨”
You might as well tell me the truth. 你還是把真相告訴我的好。
5. must和have to
1) must表示的是說話人的主觀看法, 而have to強調(diào)客觀需要。
2）否定形式含義不同。mustn’t禁止，不許可，don’t have to不必
3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）eg. Must you shout so loudly?
6. shall和should
1) 表示說話人征求對方意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵荆糜诘谝?、三人稱。
When shall my father be able to leave hospital?
shall 2)表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅以及說話人的決心。
You shall go with me (命令) / You shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）
He shall be punished （威脅）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (決心)
1) 表示勸告和建議“應(yīng)該”
2) “按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)”“估計”(=ought to)
They should be there by now, I think.
3） 用于第一人稱表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。
I should advise you not do that.我倒是勸你別這樣做。
should 4） 在條件句中表示“萬一”，主句不一定用虛擬語氣。
Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come.
5） Why / How + should 結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思， 意為“竟然”，也用在某些從句中。
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.這種事竟然發(fā)生在我身上真不公平。
7. will 和would
1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。
If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice.
2) 表示請求、建議，would比will委婉、客氣。Will (Would ) you please pass me the book?
3) 表示習(xí)慣性動作，“總是”“慣于”，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。
Fish will die without water.
Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.
4). 表示功能， 意為“能” 或“行” The machine won’t work.
5) 表示預(yù)料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他離開家時大約十點。
8. would & used to
1) 表示過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)和情況用used to; would不與表示狀態(tài)的動詞連用。
There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( ×)
2) would 常與often, sometimes, for hours等表示時間的副詞（短語）連用。
We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.
3) used to 強調(diào)過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義. eg. He will not spend the money on books as he used to.
9. dare 和need
兩者作為情態(tài)動詞都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中。習(xí)慣用語I dare say（可能，或許，我揣測）除外。實義動詞用法同于一般動詞。但在否定句中，dare 后的to可省略，即：don’t / doesn’t dare (to ) do…. need 作為實義動詞時，用在否定句中時，其后的to不能省略。
He dare go there alone. ( ×) He dares to go there.
He dares not go there alone. ( ×) He dare not go there alone . / He doesn’t dare ( to ) go there alone.
He stood there without daring lift his head.(×) He stood there without daring to lift his head.
10．情態(tài)動詞+ have done,表示過去 比較： 情態(tài)動詞+ do , 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?BR> cf. needn’t have done & didn’t need to do…
She need not have come yesterday. 她昨天本不必要來的。（但卻來了）
She didn’t need to come yesterday. 她昨天不必來。（實際上也沒來）
【各個擊破】
1. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ____ save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able to D. should
2. --- Look , John’s fallen asleep.
--- Oh, he ______ too late last night.
A. might sit up b. should have sat up c. could sit up D. must have sat up
3. On Sundays when I was a child , Father and I ____ get up early and go fishing.
A. could B. would C. might D. should
4. --- Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.
--- Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers ___ be more accurate. (精確的)
A. can B. must C. ought to D. might
5. --- Are you still going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?
--- Yes, but I really ____ because I have a lot of things to deal with.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
6. –Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.
-- Actually you ____ it here. You were not allowed to use it.
A. needn’t bring B. needn’t have brought
C. didn’t need to bring D. don’t have to bring
7. --- Shall I book the table for the dinner?
---Yes, you____. The restaurant is always full of people.
A. can B. will C. must d. need
8. The poor boy ____ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.
a. must have failed B. might fail C. could have failed D. should fail
9. --- Why ____ it rain now? I ___ go to the concert at 7.
--- What a pity!
A. can; might not B. should; needn’t C. must; can’t D. need; mustn’t
10. -- We need some fresh air, but the window open.
-- _____I help you ?
A. didn't; Will B. shan't; Need C. mustn't ; May D. won't; Shall
11. -- What do you think of your nephew?
-- He be very naughty but at the same time you __ help liking him.
A. will; will b. won’t ; can’t C. may; may D. can; can’t
12. It was not possible that she____ go down, step by step down the unexpected stairs into the dark below.
A. should dare B. should dare to C. must dare D. must dare to
13. --- I am told that John had another car accident this morning.
--- I believe not. He ____ so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been
C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
14. ---You ought to have given them some advice.
---____, but who cared what I said?
A. So I ought B. So ought I C. So I did D. So did I
15． ---Write to me when you get home.
--______.
A.I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
16. Shut your mouth. Nothing ___ stop me once I have made up my mind.
A. will B. ought to C. shall D. must
17. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _____fail plenty of times.
A. must B. will C. can D. should
18. The policeman told the pupils. “You ____ play football in the street.”
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. If you ___ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager.
A. can B. should C. will D. must
20. Don’t believe him. His story ___ be true.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. may not
情態(tài)動詞：CDBCD CCBCD DBCCC CDCCD
【要點點撥】
1. 表示請求和允許: can, could , may, might. 過去式使語氣更委婉，答語應(yīng)用原形。
--- Could I use your computer tomorrow morning?
--- Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)
2．表示推測：
理論可能性 can
可能性
肯定句 must, may ,might, could
疑問句 can
否定句 can’t (不可能)，may not (可能不)
1)can表示理論上的可能性，指某事或情況可能發(fā)生，但并不說明實際上真的發(fā)生.
Children can be very tiring.
2)反意問句。 He may know the plan, doesn’t he?
You must have studied English before, haven’t you?
You can’ t have been caught in the rain last night, were you?
3．could & be able to
在肯定句中could表示過去有“能力”做，was / were able to表示過去有能力而且確實做成了某一件事， 相當(dāng)于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth.
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
4. may / might as well do sth “還是…好”、“不妨”
You might as well tell me the truth. 你還是把真相告訴我的好。
5. must和have to
1) must表示的是說話人的主觀看法, 而have to強調(diào)客觀需要。
2）否定形式含義不同。mustn’t禁止，不許可，don’t have to不必
3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）eg. Must you shout so loudly?
6. shall和should
1) 表示說話人征求對方意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵荆糜诘谝?、三人稱。
When shall my father be able to leave hospital?
shall 2)表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅以及說話人的決心。
You shall go with me (命令) / You shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）
He shall be punished （威脅）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (決心)
1) 表示勸告和建議“應(yīng)該”
2) “按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)”“估計”(=ought to)
They should be there by now, I think.
3） 用于第一人稱表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。
I should advise you not do that.我倒是勸你別這樣做。
should 4） 在條件句中表示“萬一”，主句不一定用虛擬語氣。
Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come.
5） Why / How + should 結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思， 意為“竟然”，也用在某些從句中。
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.這種事竟然發(fā)生在我身上真不公平。
7. will 和would
1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。
If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice.
2) 表示請求、建議，would比will委婉、客氣。Will (Would ) you please pass me the book?
3) 表示習(xí)慣性動作，“總是”“慣于”，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。
Fish will die without water.
Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.
4). 表示功能， 意為“能” 或“行” The machine won’t work.
5) 表示預(yù)料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他離開家時大約十點。
8. would & used to
1) 表示過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)和情況用used to; would不與表示狀態(tài)的動詞連用。
There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( ×)
2) would 常與often, sometimes, for hours等表示時間的副詞（短語）連用。
We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.
3) used to 強調(diào)過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義. eg. He will not spend the money on books as he used to.
9. dare 和need
兩者作為情態(tài)動詞都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中。習(xí)慣用語I dare say（可能，或許，我揣測）除外。實義動詞用法同于一般動詞。但在否定句中，dare 后的to可省略，即：don’t / doesn’t dare (to ) do…. need 作為實義動詞時，用在否定句中時，其后的to不能省略。
He dare go there alone. ( ×) He dares to go there.
He dares not go there alone. ( ×) He dare not go there alone . / He doesn’t dare ( to ) go there alone.
He stood there without daring lift his head.(×) He stood there without daring to lift his head.
10．情態(tài)動詞+ have done,表示過去 比較： 情態(tài)動詞+ do , 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?BR> cf. needn’t have done & didn’t need to do…
She need not have come yesterday. 她昨天本不必要來的。（但卻來了）
She didn’t need to come yesterday. 她昨天不必來。（實際上也沒來）
【各個擊破】
1. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ____ save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able to D. should
2. --- Look , John’s fallen asleep.
--- Oh, he ______ too late last night.
A. might sit up b. should have sat up c. could sit up D. must have sat up
3. On Sundays when I was a child , Father and I ____ get up early and go fishing.
A. could B. would C. might D. should
4. --- Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.
--- Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers ___ be more accurate. (精確的)
A. can B. must C. ought to D. might
5. --- Are you still going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?
--- Yes, but I really ____ because I have a lot of things to deal with.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
6. –Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.
-- Actually you ____ it here. You were not allowed to use it.
A. needn’t bring B. needn’t have brought
C. didn’t need to bring D. don’t have to bring
7. --- Shall I book the table for the dinner?
---Yes, you____. The restaurant is always full of people.
A. can B. will C. must d. need
8. The poor boy ____ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.
a. must have failed B. might fail C. could have failed D. should fail
9. --- Why ____ it rain now? I ___ go to the concert at 7.
--- What a pity!
A. can; might not B. should; needn’t C. must; can’t D. need; mustn’t
10. -- We need some fresh air, but the window open.
-- _____I help you ?
A. didn't; Will B. shan't; Need C. mustn't ; May D. won't; Shall
11. -- What do you think of your nephew?
-- He be very naughty but at the same time you __ help liking him.
A. will; will b. won’t ; can’t C. may; may D. can; can’t
12. It was not possible that she____ go down, step by step down the unexpected stairs into the dark below.
A. should dare B. should dare to C. must dare D. must dare to
13. --- I am told that John had another car accident this morning.
--- I believe not. He ____ so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been
C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
14. ---You ought to have given them some advice.
---____, but who cared what I said?
A. So I ought B. So ought I C. So I did D. So did I
15． ---Write to me when you get home.
--______.
A.I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
16. Shut your mouth. Nothing ___ stop me once I have made up my mind.
A. will B. ought to C. shall D. must
17. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _____fail plenty of times.
A. must B. will C. can D. should
18. The policeman told the pupils. “You ____ play football in the street.”
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. If you ___ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager.
A. can B. should C. will D. must
20. Don’t believe him. His story ___ be true.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. may not
情態(tài)動詞：CDBCD CCBCD DBCCC CDCCD