動名詞考試要點詳解

字號:

1.動名詞主語
    1) 名詞直接放在句首作主語。例如:
    Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.
    用右手握手是許多國家的一種習俗。
    2) 動名詞在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing”結構中作主語,it為形式主語。例如:
    It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
    寫信給他不妥,他從來不回信。
    It is no use your complaining; the company won't do anything about it.
    抱怨是沒有用的,公司是不會管的。
    3) 動名詞在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容詞 + doing”結構中作主語。例如:
    It is good playing chess after supper.
    晚飯后弈棋挺好。
    It is useless speaking.
    光說是沒有用的。
    4) 動名詞在“There is(was) no + doing”結構中作主語。例如:
    There is no denying that she is very efficient.
    她效率高是不容否認的。
    There is no telling what he is going to do.
    他要做什么一點消息都沒有。
    2. 動名詞作賓語
    1) 有些動詞后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞有:
    admit 承認 ; excuse 原諒 ; postpone 拖延 ;anticipate 期望; fancy 想象
    practise 練習; appreciate 欣賞; finish 完成; prevent 防止; avoid 避免;
    forbid 禁止; propose 建議; consider 考慮; forgive 寬??; recollect 回憶;
    delay 耽擱; imagine 想象; resent 厭惡; deny 否認; involve 涉及;
    resist 抵制; detest 厭惡; keep 保留; risk 冒險; dislike 討厭;
    mind 在意; save 挽救; dread 害怕; miss 錯過; suggest 建議;
    enjoy 喜歡; pardon 原諒;understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允許
    例如:
    I recommend buying the dictionary.
    我建議買這本詞典。
    I don't anticipate meeting any opposition.
    我估計不會遇到任何反對意見。
    Will you admit having broken the window?
    你承認不承認打破了窗戶?
    2) 有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞短語有:
    can't stand 忍不住; can't help 忍不??; feel like 想,欲;
    give up 放棄; put off 推遲
    例如:
    He put off making a decision till he had more information.
    在獲得詳情之前,他沒有急于作出決定。
    Do you feel like taking a walk?
    你要不要去散步?
    3) 動名詞常跟在介詞或介詞短語后做賓語。常這樣用的介詞短語有:instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
    例如:
    We are looking forward to coming to China.
    我們期待著來中國。
    We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.
    我們終于克服了所有的困難。
    4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 動名詞; be busy (in) + 動名詞;waste time (in) + 動名詞;lost time (in) + 動名詞;There is no point (in) + 動名詞”等結構中,動名詞做介詞賓語,in常要省去。例如:
    The children are busy doing their homework.
    孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。
    There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.
    再做一次這種簡單的實驗是毫無意義的。
    5) 在復合賓語中,用it作形式賓語,將動名詞短語放在后面。例如:
    I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.
    我認為辯論這事是很浪費時間的。
    6) 在“there be”結構當中,be為動名詞時,該結構也是一種帶邏輯主語的動名詞形式。例如:
    We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.
    我們可以想象到人們對此大驚小怪。
    Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?
    你對沒有更多的禮物感到失望嗎?
    3. 動名詞的被動式
    1) 動詞need, require, want, deserve后,用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。其用法相當于不定式的被動結構。例如:
    The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)
    這塊表需要修理。
    The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)
    這個問題值得考慮。
    2) 在(be)worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。例如:
    His suggestion is worth considering.
    他的提議值得考慮。