Paper or plastic
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay, and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets, plastic shopping bags have made their __1__ into local waterways, and from there, into the bay, where they can __2__ wildlife. Piles of them – the __3__ takes centuries to decompose – show up in landfills and on city streets. Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis __4__ you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets. Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers __5__ distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland’s capital. Instead, retailers would be required to offer bags __6__ recycled paper and to sell reusable bags. The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure. Opponents of the idea, however, argue that __7__ bags are harmful, too: they cost more to make, they consume more __8__ to transport, and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic. The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is __9__ accepted. Everyone in this __10__ is right about one thing: disposable shopping bags of any type are __11__, and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead. Annapolis’s mayor is investigating how to hand out free, reusable shopping bags to city residents, a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned. A less-expensive __12__ would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers __13__ bring their own, reusable bags, a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place. And this policy would be more __14__ if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags, which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others, is not the __15__.
1. A. track B. path C. way D. road
2. A. harm B. help C. keep D. nurture
3. A. element B. mixture C. matter D. material
4. A.or B. and C. but D. so
5. A.from B. at C. out of D. into
6. A. made out B. made up C. made of D. made into
7. A. cloth B. paper C. plastic D. synthetic
8. A. land B. resources C. oxygen D. water
9. A. on the contrary B. at any rate
C.far from D. by contrast
10. A. competition B. fight C.quarrel D. debate
11. A. durable B. useful C. wasteful D. necessary
12. A. alternative B. mission C. project D. invention
13. A. when B. who C. whom D.what
14. A. effective B. disliked C. expensive D. useless
15. A. suggestion B. statement C. reply D. answer
答案與解析：
1.分析文章主題：
Paper(紙，報紙， 論文， 文件，紙的) or(還是，或者，即) plastic(塑料，塑料制品， 塑料的)?
文章開頭的句子：Take a walk (散步)along(沿著) the Chesapeake Bay(海灣), and you are likely to (可能)see plastic bags floating(漂浮) in the water.
推測文章主題：使用塑料袋還是使用紙袋
文章主題詞：
Paper, plastic
2. 直接解題：
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay, and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water.
1. A. track(軌跡， 路， 追蹤) B. path(小路， 路線，軌道)
C. way(路，路線， 道路， 方法) D. road (路，道路)
2. A. harm(傷害，損害) B. help(幫助)
C. keep(保持，保存) D. nurture(養(yǎng)育，教育)
Ever since(自從) these now(現(xiàn)在) ubiquitous(到處存在的) symbols(符號，記號) of American(美國的) super-consumption(過度消費(fèi)) showed up(顯露) in the supermarkets(超市), plastic(塑料的) shopping bags (購物袋)have made their __1__ into local(當(dāng)?shù)氐? waterways(水道), and from there(那里), into the bay(海灣), where they can __2__ wildlife(野生動植物). 代詞的確定
1. C. make way into (進(jìn)入)是固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.A.前文說塑料袋在河面上漂浮，然后順著水流漂到海灣。 在海灣那兒，塑料袋對wildlife會產(chǎn)生什么影響呢? 眾所周知， 塑料袋污染環(huán)境， 傷害野生動植物，所以在四個選項中只有harm合適。
3. A. element(元素， 成分) B. mixture(混合物)
C. matter(事件，問題，物質(zhì)，要緊 ) D. material(材料，原料)
Piles of (成堆的)them–the __3__ takes(花費(fèi)) centuries(數(shù)個世紀(jì)) to decompose(分解) – show up in landfills(垃圾) and on city streets(街道).
3.D. “空3”所在的句子是一個插入句，起說明作用，說明them(指代plastic bags)要經(jīng)過幾百年才會分解。填入“空3”的詞是一個概括詞，在四個選項中只有material最合適。
Plastic bags also take(需要)an environmental(環(huán)境的) toll(費(fèi)用， 代價)in the form of(以...的形式) millions of (數(shù)百萬的)barrels(桶) of oil expended (被花費(fèi))every year (每年)to produce(生產(chǎn)) them.
4. A.or(或者， 還是) B. and(和，與)
C. but(但是， 除了...以外) D. so(因此， 所以， 如此)
Enter(走進(jìn)， 進(jìn)入) Annapolis __4__ you will see(看見) plastic bags distributed free (被免費(fèi)發(fā)放)in department stores (百貨商店)and supermarkets.
4.B.“命令句+ and + 陳述句”是常用句型， 這個句型中， 命令句和陳述句之間只能用and連接。
5. A.from B. at C. out of D. into
Alderman (市議員)Sam Shropshire has introduced(介紹，引入) a well-meaning(有意義的， 好心的) proposal(提議) to ban (禁止， 禁令)retailers(零售商) __5__ distributing(分發(fā)) plastic shopping bags in Maryland(馬里蘭)’s capital(首府).
5.A. 動詞ban(禁止)還有prevent, protect, keep, stop等， 要求后接介詞from。From后面的詞是禁止的內(nèi)容。
prevent...from.../防止...遭受到...(的損害)
protect...from.../保護(hù)...防止其遭受到... (的損害)
keep ...from.../阻止...
stop...from.../阻止...
6. A. made out(填寫，理解，辨認(rèn)出) B. made up(彌補(bǔ)，虛構(gòu)， 化妝)
C. made of(由...制成) D. made into(把...制成...)
Instead(相反地), retailers(零售商) would be required to (將被要求)offer(提供) bags __6__ recycled paper (再生紙)and to sell(銷售) reusable(可再度使用的) bags.
6.C. 從上下文分析， bags和recycled paper之間缺失的詞應(yīng)該是選項C 的made of (用...制作)。 Offer bags made of recycled paper含義為“提供再生用紙制作的紙袋”。
The city of Baltimore (巴爾的摩市)is considering(考慮) a similar(類似的) measure(方法， 測量).
7. A. cloth(布) B. paper C. plastic D. synthetic(合成的，人造的)
8. A. land(土地， 陸地， 登陸) B. resources(資源)
C. oxygen(氧氣) D. water(水)
Opponents(反對者) of the idea(觀點(diǎn)，想法), however(然而), argue(爭論說) that __7__ bags are harmful(有害的), too(也，太): they cost(花費(fèi)) more to make(制造，成為，構(gòu)成), they consume(消耗) more __8__ to transport(運(yùn)輸), and recycling(再循環(huán)使用) them causes(造成，原因) more pollution(污染) than recycling循環(huán)使用 plastic.
7.B.安納波利斯的市議員Sam Shrophire 主張采用紙袋替代塑料袋， 馬里蘭州也打算仿效?！翱?”所在的句子中出現(xiàn)opponents和harmful too，可以推斷，他們反對改用紙袋， 他們認(rèn)為紙袋也有害。所以空格處應(yīng)該填入paper.
8. B。 在“they (指代 paper bags)consume more __?__ to transport”句子中， 該填入什么呢? 運(yùn)輸紙袋要消耗什么呢?消耗resources(資源)是合適的答案。
9. A. on the contrary(相反) B. at any rate(無論如何)
C.far from (遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有， 遠(yuǎn)非) D. by contrast(形成對比)
The argument for (支持...的觀點(diǎn))depriving Annapolis residents(居民) of(剝奪某人/某物...) their plastic bags is __9__ accepted(被接受).
9.C. 前文說人們在用塑料袋還是用紙袋這個問題上爭論不休。按照上下文的意思，改用紙袋不會被一致接受(accepted)，所以。空格8填的詞應(yīng)該是表達(dá)否定含義的詞，因此選項C(far from/遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有)是答案。
10. A. competition(競爭，競賽) B. fight(打架，戰(zhàn)斗)
C. quarrel(吵架) D. debate(爭論，辯論) (argument)
11. A. durable(耐用的， 持久的) B. useful(有用的)
C. wasteful(浪費(fèi)的) D. necessary(必需的， 必然的)
Everyone(每個人) in this __10__ is right about one thing: disposable(一次性的) shopping bags of any type are __11__, and the best outcome(結(jié)果)would be for customers to reuse bags instead(代替，取而代之).
10.D. 從“空格10”所在的句子分析， 用塑料袋還是用紙袋的這場爭論兩家各對一部份。將這場爭論說成是competition(競爭)，fight(打斗)或quarrel(爭吵)都不符合事實(shí)。
11.C. “空11”所在的句子想要表達(dá)的意思很清楚，用任何材料制成的一次性購物袋都不好， 取而代之的方法是到超級市場的顧客能自備能重復(fù)使用的購物袋。 因此本句缺失的是一個貶義詞， 因此wasteful是答案。
Annapolis’s mayor is investigating(正在調(diào)查) how to hand out (分發(fā))free(自由的，免費(fèi)的), reusable(可一再度使用的) shopping bags to city residents(居民), a proposal(提議，建議) that can proceed(繼續(xù)下去) regardless of whether other bags are banned(被禁止).
12. A. alternative(可供選擇的辦法， 選擇性的) B. mission(任務(wù))
C. project(計劃，使突出) D. invention(發(fā)明)
13. A. when B. who C. whom D.what
A less-expensive(不太昂貴的) __12__ would be to encourage(鼓勵) retailers(零售商) to give discounts(折扣) to customers(顧客) __13__ bring(帶來，引起) their own(自己的) , reusable bags, a policy(政策， 方針) that a spokesman(發(fā)言人) for the supermarket Giant(巨人，龐大的) Food(食物) says its chain(鏈條， 一連串， 連鎖店) already(已經(jīng)) has in place(在合適位置上).
12.A. 上一句說安納波利斯市長正在調(diào)查如何向市民分發(fā)能重復(fù)使用的購物袋。這個代價自然很高?！翱?2”所在的句子說，如果哪個顧客自備能重復(fù)使用的購物袋來超市購物，超市就給他一些優(yōu)惠。 與市長的方案相比， 這是一個較為省錢的辦法。 一查四個選項， 只有選項A alternative(可供選擇的辦法)是最合適的。
13.B. 本句說“誰自備可重復(fù)使用的購物袋，就給誰優(yōu)惠”， 所以， customers之后一定時一個定語從句， 限定哪一種顧客可以得到優(yōu)惠。 在四個選項中只能選擇B。
14. A. effective(有效的，給人印象深刻的) B. disliked(不喜歡)
C. expensive(昂貴的) D. useless(無用的)
And this policy would be more __14__ if stores(商店) imitated(模仿) furniture(家具) mega-retailer(超大零售商) Ikea(宜家) and charged(收費(fèi)， 指控，充電) for因?yàn)?disposable(一次性的) bags at the checkout counter(收款臺) .
14.A. 這個句子的意思是，宜家對購物袋收費(fèi)，其他超市也應(yīng)該效仿， 所以would be后面接的形容詞應(yīng)該是褒義的， 四個選項中只有A(effective/有效的)合適。
15. A. suggestion(建議， 暗示) B. statement(聲明， 陳述)
C. reply(答復(fù)， 回答) D. answer(答案，回答)
A broad(廣泛的) ban on (禁止...)the use(使用) of plastic shopping bags, which would merely(僅僅) replace (代替)some(一些的) forms(形式，形狀，形成) of pollution(污染) with others, is not the __15__.
15.D. “空15”所在的句子要表達(dá)的意思是“禁止使用塑料袋會導(dǎo)致用另一種污染來代替塑料污染，這不是解決問題的辦法。”按照這個思路去選擇答案，必定會選擇D(answer)。
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay, and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets, plastic shopping bags have made their __1__ into local waterways, and from there, into the bay, where they can __2__ wildlife. Piles of them – the __3__ takes centuries to decompose – show up in landfills and on city streets. Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis __4__ you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets. Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers __5__ distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland’s capital. Instead, retailers would be required to offer bags __6__ recycled paper and to sell reusable bags. The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure. Opponents of the idea, however, argue that __7__ bags are harmful, too: they cost more to make, they consume more __8__ to transport, and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic. The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is __9__ accepted. Everyone in this __10__ is right about one thing: disposable shopping bags of any type are __11__, and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead. Annapolis’s mayor is investigating how to hand out free, reusable shopping bags to city residents, a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned. A less-expensive __12__ would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers __13__ bring their own, reusable bags, a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place. And this policy would be more __14__ if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags, which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others, is not the __15__.
1. A. track B. path C. way D. road
2. A. harm B. help C. keep D. nurture
3. A. element B. mixture C. matter D. material
4. A.or B. and C. but D. so
5. A.from B. at C. out of D. into
6. A. made out B. made up C. made of D. made into
7. A. cloth B. paper C. plastic D. synthetic
8. A. land B. resources C. oxygen D. water
9. A. on the contrary B. at any rate
C.far from D. by contrast
10. A. competition B. fight C.quarrel D. debate
11. A. durable B. useful C. wasteful D. necessary
12. A. alternative B. mission C. project D. invention
13. A. when B. who C. whom D.what
14. A. effective B. disliked C. expensive D. useless
15. A. suggestion B. statement C. reply D. answer
答案與解析：
1.分析文章主題：
Paper(紙，報紙， 論文， 文件，紙的) or(還是，或者，即) plastic(塑料，塑料制品， 塑料的)?
文章開頭的句子：Take a walk (散步)along(沿著) the Chesapeake Bay(海灣), and you are likely to (可能)see plastic bags floating(漂浮) in the water.
推測文章主題：使用塑料袋還是使用紙袋
文章主題詞：
Paper, plastic
2. 直接解題：
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay, and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water.
1. A. track(軌跡， 路， 追蹤) B. path(小路， 路線，軌道)
C. way(路，路線， 道路， 方法) D. road (路，道路)
2. A. harm(傷害，損害) B. help(幫助)
C. keep(保持，保存) D. nurture(養(yǎng)育，教育)
Ever since(自從) these now(現(xiàn)在) ubiquitous(到處存在的) symbols(符號，記號) of American(美國的) super-consumption(過度消費(fèi)) showed up(顯露) in the supermarkets(超市), plastic(塑料的) shopping bags (購物袋)have made their __1__ into local(當(dāng)?shù)氐? waterways(水道), and from there(那里), into the bay(海灣), where they can __2__ wildlife(野生動植物). 代詞的確定
1. C. make way into (進(jìn)入)是固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.A.前文說塑料袋在河面上漂浮，然后順著水流漂到海灣。 在海灣那兒，塑料袋對wildlife會產(chǎn)生什么影響呢? 眾所周知， 塑料袋污染環(huán)境， 傷害野生動植物，所以在四個選項中只有harm合適。
3. A. element(元素， 成分) B. mixture(混合物)
C. matter(事件，問題，物質(zhì)，要緊 ) D. material(材料，原料)
Piles of (成堆的)them–the __3__ takes(花費(fèi)) centuries(數(shù)個世紀(jì)) to decompose(分解) – show up in landfills(垃圾) and on city streets(街道).
3.D. “空3”所在的句子是一個插入句，起說明作用，說明them(指代plastic bags)要經(jīng)過幾百年才會分解。填入“空3”的詞是一個概括詞，在四個選項中只有material最合適。
Plastic bags also take(需要)an environmental(環(huán)境的) toll(費(fèi)用， 代價)in the form of(以...的形式) millions of (數(shù)百萬的)barrels(桶) of oil expended (被花費(fèi))every year (每年)to produce(生產(chǎn)) them.
4. A.or(或者， 還是) B. and(和，與)
C. but(但是， 除了...以外) D. so(因此， 所以， 如此)
Enter(走進(jìn)， 進(jìn)入) Annapolis __4__ you will see(看見) plastic bags distributed free (被免費(fèi)發(fā)放)in department stores (百貨商店)and supermarkets.
4.B.“命令句+ and + 陳述句”是常用句型， 這個句型中， 命令句和陳述句之間只能用and連接。
5. A.from B. at C. out of D. into
Alderman (市議員)Sam Shropshire has introduced(介紹，引入) a well-meaning(有意義的， 好心的) proposal(提議) to ban (禁止， 禁令)retailers(零售商) __5__ distributing(分發(fā)) plastic shopping bags in Maryland(馬里蘭)’s capital(首府).
5.A. 動詞ban(禁止)還有prevent, protect, keep, stop等， 要求后接介詞from。From后面的詞是禁止的內(nèi)容。
prevent...from.../防止...遭受到...(的損害)
protect...from.../保護(hù)...防止其遭受到... (的損害)
keep ...from.../阻止...
stop...from.../阻止...
6. A. made out(填寫，理解，辨認(rèn)出) B. made up(彌補(bǔ)，虛構(gòu)， 化妝)
C. made of(由...制成) D. made into(把...制成...)
Instead(相反地), retailers(零售商) would be required to (將被要求)offer(提供) bags __6__ recycled paper (再生紙)and to sell(銷售) reusable(可再度使用的) bags.
6.C. 從上下文分析， bags和recycled paper之間缺失的詞應(yīng)該是選項C 的made of (用...制作)。 Offer bags made of recycled paper含義為“提供再生用紙制作的紙袋”。
The city of Baltimore (巴爾的摩市)is considering(考慮) a similar(類似的) measure(方法， 測量).
7. A. cloth(布) B. paper C. plastic D. synthetic(合成的，人造的)
8. A. land(土地， 陸地， 登陸) B. resources(資源)
C. oxygen(氧氣) D. water(水)
Opponents(反對者) of the idea(觀點(diǎn)，想法), however(然而), argue(爭論說) that __7__ bags are harmful(有害的), too(也，太): they cost(花費(fèi)) more to make(制造，成為，構(gòu)成), they consume(消耗) more __8__ to transport(運(yùn)輸), and recycling(再循環(huán)使用) them causes(造成，原因) more pollution(污染) than recycling循環(huán)使用 plastic.
7.B.安納波利斯的市議員Sam Shrophire 主張采用紙袋替代塑料袋， 馬里蘭州也打算仿效?！翱?”所在的句子中出現(xiàn)opponents和harmful too，可以推斷，他們反對改用紙袋， 他們認(rèn)為紙袋也有害。所以空格處應(yīng)該填入paper.
8. B。 在“they (指代 paper bags)consume more __?__ to transport”句子中， 該填入什么呢? 運(yùn)輸紙袋要消耗什么呢?消耗resources(資源)是合適的答案。
9. A. on the contrary(相反) B. at any rate(無論如何)
C.far from (遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有， 遠(yuǎn)非) D. by contrast(形成對比)
The argument for (支持...的觀點(diǎn))depriving Annapolis residents(居民) of(剝奪某人/某物...) their plastic bags is __9__ accepted(被接受).
9.C. 前文說人們在用塑料袋還是用紙袋這個問題上爭論不休。按照上下文的意思，改用紙袋不會被一致接受(accepted)，所以。空格8填的詞應(yīng)該是表達(dá)否定含義的詞，因此選項C(far from/遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有)是答案。
10. A. competition(競爭，競賽) B. fight(打架，戰(zhàn)斗)
C. quarrel(吵架) D. debate(爭論，辯論) (argument)
11. A. durable(耐用的， 持久的) B. useful(有用的)
C. wasteful(浪費(fèi)的) D. necessary(必需的， 必然的)
Everyone(每個人) in this __10__ is right about one thing: disposable(一次性的) shopping bags of any type are __11__, and the best outcome(結(jié)果)would be for customers to reuse bags instead(代替，取而代之).
10.D. 從“空格10”所在的句子分析， 用塑料袋還是用紙袋的這場爭論兩家各對一部份。將這場爭論說成是competition(競爭)，fight(打斗)或quarrel(爭吵)都不符合事實(shí)。
11.C. “空11”所在的句子想要表達(dá)的意思很清楚，用任何材料制成的一次性購物袋都不好， 取而代之的方法是到超級市場的顧客能自備能重復(fù)使用的購物袋。 因此本句缺失的是一個貶義詞， 因此wasteful是答案。
Annapolis’s mayor is investigating(正在調(diào)查) how to hand out (分發(fā))free(自由的，免費(fèi)的), reusable(可一再度使用的) shopping bags to city residents(居民), a proposal(提議，建議) that can proceed(繼續(xù)下去) regardless of whether other bags are banned(被禁止).
12. A. alternative(可供選擇的辦法， 選擇性的) B. mission(任務(wù))
C. project(計劃，使突出) D. invention(發(fā)明)
13. A. when B. who C. whom D.what
A less-expensive(不太昂貴的) __12__ would be to encourage(鼓勵) retailers(零售商) to give discounts(折扣) to customers(顧客) __13__ bring(帶來，引起) their own(自己的) , reusable bags, a policy(政策， 方針) that a spokesman(發(fā)言人) for the supermarket Giant(巨人，龐大的) Food(食物) says its chain(鏈條， 一連串， 連鎖店) already(已經(jīng)) has in place(在合適位置上).
12.A. 上一句說安納波利斯市長正在調(diào)查如何向市民分發(fā)能重復(fù)使用的購物袋。這個代價自然很高?！翱?2”所在的句子說，如果哪個顧客自備能重復(fù)使用的購物袋來超市購物，超市就給他一些優(yōu)惠。 與市長的方案相比， 這是一個較為省錢的辦法。 一查四個選項， 只有選項A alternative(可供選擇的辦法)是最合適的。
13.B. 本句說“誰自備可重復(fù)使用的購物袋，就給誰優(yōu)惠”， 所以， customers之后一定時一個定語從句， 限定哪一種顧客可以得到優(yōu)惠。 在四個選項中只能選擇B。
14. A. effective(有效的，給人印象深刻的) B. disliked(不喜歡)
C. expensive(昂貴的) D. useless(無用的)
And this policy would be more __14__ if stores(商店) imitated(模仿) furniture(家具) mega-retailer(超大零售商) Ikea(宜家) and charged(收費(fèi)， 指控，充電) for因?yàn)?disposable(一次性的) bags at the checkout counter(收款臺) .
14.A. 這個句子的意思是，宜家對購物袋收費(fèi)，其他超市也應(yīng)該效仿， 所以would be后面接的形容詞應(yīng)該是褒義的， 四個選項中只有A(effective/有效的)合適。
15. A. suggestion(建議， 暗示) B. statement(聲明， 陳述)
C. reply(答復(fù)， 回答) D. answer(答案，回答)
A broad(廣泛的) ban on (禁止...)the use(使用) of plastic shopping bags, which would merely(僅僅) replace (代替)some(一些的) forms(形式，形狀，形成) of pollution(污染) with others, is not the __15__.
15.D. “空15”所在的句子要表達(dá)的意思是“禁止使用塑料袋會導(dǎo)致用另一種污染來代替塑料污染，這不是解決問題的辦法。”按照這個思路去選擇答案，必定會選擇D(answer)。