Unit15（第44講—第46講）
Text A How TV Violence Affects Kids
本課主要單詞
1.violence n. 暴力；強烈
violent adj. 暴力的；強烈的
1） Preschool children suffer most from TV violence. （學齡前兒童受暴力電視節(jié)目的危害深。）
2） People in that country hated the king to the marrow as he ruled the country with violence.（那個國家的人民對國王恨之入骨，因為他用暴力進行統(tǒng)治。）
3）He flung open the door with violence.?。ㄋ脛诺孛腿话验T打開。）
4）The violent blow sent him down on his knees. （那猛烈的一擊使他跪倒在地。）
5）The doctor told him not to do any violent exercise. （ 醫(yī)生囑咐他不要進行劇烈運動。）
2.exposure n. 暴露；揭露；曝光
expose v. 暴露；使曝光；使遭受；使處于…影響之下；展出
1）Too much exposure to sunlight will burn your skin.（過度曬太陽會曬傷皮膚。）
2）The exposure of corruption by the media caught the attention of the public.（傳媒對腐敗的揭露引起了公眾的注意。）
3）She concealed the secret from her parents， fearing the exposure would stun them.（她對父母隱瞞了這個秘密，擔心秘密暴露會令父母震驚。）
4）How many exposures have you made？?。闩牧藥讖堈掌?？）
5）His shirt was open， exposing the tattoo on his chest. （他的襯衣敞開了，露出了刺在胸部的文身。）
6）His fatness exposed him to a lot of joking at the office.?。ㄋL得肥胖，因此在辦公室常受取笑。）
7）He was exposed to music when he was a child. （他自幼受音樂薰陶。）
8）Parents should expose their children to good books. （父母應讓孩子們讀好書。）
9）He is going to expose all his collections at the auction.?。ㄋ蛩闩馁u時把收藏品全部陳列出來。）
3.allocate v. 分配；把…撥給；把…劃歸
allocation n. 分配；劃撥的款項
1）Some doctors and teachers will be allocated to the villagers to help the people there.（一些醫(yī)生和教師將被派往那些村子幫助那兒的人們。）
2）They were dissatisfied with the way resources were allocated.（他們對資源分配的方式不滿意。）
3）One third of the money has been allocated to the public services.（三分之一的經(jīng)費已撥給了公用事業(yè)。）
4）They said the allocation of seats was unfair.（他們說席位的分配不公平。）
5）He has a $5000 allocation to cover the expenses.（他有一筆5000美元的撥款以應付各項支出。）
4. significantly adv. considerably （相當數(shù)量地）；meaningfully （有意義地）
significant adj. important，meaningful （意義重大的）
marked，considerable （不必忽略的；相當數(shù)量的）
significance n. consequence （意義；影響） implication（含義）
1）Their opinions don't differ significantly from each other. （他們倆的看法沒有明顯差別。）
2）He said to us significantly that education of the youth would be vital to the future of a country. （他意味深長地對我們說年輕人的教育對于一個國家的未來至關重要。）
3）July 4 is a significant date for Americans.?。▽γ绹藖碚f七月四日是一個意義重大的日子。）
4）There has been a significant increase in juvenule crime in recent years.（近年來，青少年犯罪活動有了相當大的增加。）
5）This is an event of great significance.?。ㄟ@是一個非常重大的事件。）
6）It is necessary to attach great significance to environmental protection.（重視環(huán)境保護是必要的。）
5.per prep. 每一，每
1）He earns $3000 per month.（他每月掙3000美元。）
2）We drove at the speed of 70miles per hour.（我們以每小時70英里的速度行駛。）
3）Take the medicine 3times per day.（這藥每日服三次。）
4）They spent more than 20million pounds per year.（他們每年花費兩千萬英鎊。）
6.given prep. considering （考慮到）
1）Given their inexperience， they have done a good job.（考慮到他們缺乏經(jīng)驗，這工作他們做得不錯。）
2）Given his age， the old man is in good condition.?。紤]到老人的年齡，他的身體狀況很不錯了。）
3）Given my interest in oil painting， this is the best place to study.（考慮到我對油畫的興趣，這是學習的好地方。）
4）It seems unreasonable to send him away， given that he is doing quite well.（考慮到他的工作干得很不錯，把他解雇是不合理的。）
7.adopt v. take up （采?。?； accept （收養(yǎng)）； officially pass （正式通過）
1）I don't know if I should adopt a positive attitude towards the whole happening.（我不知道我是否應該對整個事件采取積極態(tài)度。）
2）Their country adopted press censorship. （他們國家采取了新聞檢查制度。）
3）They adopted an orphan as they had no child of their own.（他們自己沒孩子，所以收養(yǎng)了一個孤兒。）
4）The boy was happy as anything when his parents decided to adopt a puppy.（當爸爸媽媽決定收養(yǎng)一條小狗時，那個男孩高興極了。）
5）Congress adopted the new measures. （國會通過了新措施。）
6）The National Congress adopted the government report.（全國人大通過了政府工作報告。）
請注意區(qū)別adopt和adapt
adapt vi. adjust （調節(jié)；改變…以適應）
vt. revise（校準；調整；改編）
1）He had to adapt himself to the new condition.（他不得不使自己適應新的情況。）
2）Mr. Wang could not adapt himself to the new climate.?。ㄍ跸壬荒苓m應新的氣候。）
3）He is adapting the novel for television.（他正把那部小說改編為電視劇。）
8.distinguish v. separate （區(qū)別，辨別）； identify （認出）
1）You have to distinguish facts from rumours if you want to form a correct opinion.（如果想有一個正確的觀點，你得分辨事實和傳聞。）
2）He was distinguished from other boys by his height.（他的身高顯出他與其它男孩的不同。）
3）Some children were unable to distinguish between the letters b and p.?。ㄓ行┖⒆硬荒芊直孀帜竍和p.）
9.fantasy n. 想像；幻想
1）He is always having fantasies about becoming rich.（他總是抱著發(fā)財?shù)幕孟?。?BR> 2）To a small child， fantasy and reality are very close to each other .（對幼兒來說，幻想和現(xiàn)實靠得很近。）
請注意區(qū)別fancy，fantasy，imagination
fancy和fantasy多指無事實依據(jù)的憑空想像。Fancy的內容多是虛構的，幻想的；fantasy的內容更是荒誕古怪的。
Imagination的想像多依據(jù)所見所聞或現(xiàn)實內容一般是合理的。
1）She went wherever the fancy took her. （她隨興致所至想去哪里就去哪里。）
2）These fantasies are sometimes very dangerous to school children. （對學齡兒童來說這些古怪念頭是很危險的。）
3）Poets， artists and inventors need imagination.?。ㄔ娙耍囆g家和發(fā)明家都需要想像力。）
10.underlying adj. 在下面的；根本的；潛在的
1）There are underlying similarities between all human beings.?。ㄈ伺c人之間有著潛在的相似之處。）
2）The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. （這本小說的潛在主題是極其嚴肅的。）
3）Can you understand the underlying meaning of what he said？?。隳芾斫馑f的話的含義嗎？）
4）The underlying structure of this building is no doubt very firm. （這座樓的底層結構無疑是牢固的。）
11.motive n. reason， purpose （動機，目的）
1）Greed was his only motive for receiving bribery. （貪婪是他受賄的原因。）
2）His motive in coming was a wish to achieve mutual understanding. （他來的動機是想達成相互理解。）
3）The little boy opened his sister's mail through motives of curiosity. （那個小男孩出于好奇打開了姐姐的郵件。）
4）You should question his motive before you approve his conduct. （在你贊同他的所作所為之前應該先質詢他的動機。）
12.subtlety n. delicacy；sensitivity 微妙之處，細微之處；敏銳
subtle adj. 隱約的；微妙的
1）Nobody noticed the subtlety of his remarks. （沒有人聽出他話中的微妙含義。）
2）They can sense each other's intentions with great subtlety. （他們能敏銳地感覺到彼此的意圖。）
3）It is difficult for people from other cultures to master the subtleties of the American joke.?。▽τ趤碜云渌幕娜藖碚f掌握美國笑話的微妙之處是困難的。）
4）His whole attitude has undergone a subtle change. （他的整個態(tài)度已經(jīng)有了微妙的變化。）
5）He dwelt on the subtle distinction between the two words.（他詳述兩個詞詞義的細微差別。）
13.moral adj. 有道德的 n. 道德；寓意
1）He complained that he had witnessed a fall in moral standards.（他抱怨說他目睹了道德標準的衰落。）
2）Parents are responsible for the children's moral welfare.（父母應對孩子道德上的健康成長負責。）
3）The moral of the story was “A friend in need is a friend indeed ”。（這個故事的教益是“患難之交見真情。”）
4）I don't know what moral to draw from all this. （我不知道從所有這一切中應得出何種教訓。）
5）He has no morals and will do anything for money. （他毫無道德，為了錢什么都干得出來。）
14.recovery n. 康復；收回
recover v. 恢復；收復；挽回
1）He is recovered from his illness.?。ㄋ鸦謴土私】怠＃?BR> 2）She recovered her strength after two days'rest.?。ń?jīng)過兩天的休息，她恢復了力氣。）
3）The police recovered the stolen watch. （警察追回了失竊的手表。）
4）He said he had to work hard to recover the lost time. （他說他得努力工作，把失去的時間補回來。）
5）Mr. Wang insisted that the economic recovery was still slow.?。ㄍ跸壬鷪猿终J為經(jīng)濟復蘇還太緩慢。）
6）She made a remarkable recovery from the illness.?。ㄋ钊梭@異地從那場疾病中康復了。）
7）The recovery of the lost wallet thrilled the whole family.?。ㄊ溴X包的復得使全家人興奮不已。）
15.unrealistic adj. impractical （不切實際的）
1）It is unrealistic to expect better conditions in the near future.（在不遠的將來指望有更好的形勢是不現(xiàn)實的。）
2）This demand proved unrealistic and unworkable. （這個要求證明是不切實際且不可行的。）
3）You have unrealistic expectations. （你的期望不切實際。）
16.imitate v. 模仿
imitation n. 模仿
imitative adj. 模仿的；仿制的
1）Many writers imitate the language of Shakespeare. （許多作家模仿莎士比亞的語言。）
2）His handwriting is difficult to imitate. （他的筆跡很難模仿。）
3）Children learn many things by imitation. （兒童通過模仿學會許多東西。）
4）Acting is an imitative art. （表演是一種模仿性藝術。）
5）Monkeys are imitative （猴兒愛模仿。）
17.undermine vt. weaken （侵蝕…基礎；暗中破壞；逐漸損害）
1）Many severe colds undermined the old man's health.（多次嚴重的感冒損害了老人的健康。）
2）Failures undermined her confidence. （一再的失敗使她漸漸喪失了信心。）
3）The foundations of the house have been undermined by groundwater.（地下水侵蝕了這座房屋的地基。）
18.jeopardize vt. threaten endanger （使處于危險境地；危及，損害）
1）He jeopardized his life to save the drowning child. （他冒著生命危害救護那個溺水兒童。）
2）He jeopardized his fortune by making bad investments.（他由于投資不當而危及自己的財產(chǎn)。）
3）I didn't want to jeopardize my relationship with my new friend. （我不想損害我和新朋友的關系。）
19.interpret vt. 解釋；口譯
interpretation n. 解釋；口譯
interpreter n. 口譯者
1）Literature helps to interpret life. （文學有助于闡明人生的意義。）
2）His silence was interpreted as consent. （他的沉默被認為是同意。）
3）People often give different interpretations of the past. （人們往往對過去作出不同的解釋。）
4）He is talking to the foreign guest through an interpreter. （他正通過譯員與外國客人交談。）
20.monitor n. 監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)控器；監(jiān)聽員；班長 v. 監(jiān)聽；監(jiān)視；監(jiān)控
1）The patient was connected to the monitor. （一臺監(jiān)控器連接到病人身上。）
2）He is the monitor of our class. （他是我們班班長。）
3）The police monitored all the phone calls of the suspect. （警察監(jiān)聽了疑犯的所有電話通話。）
4）Water flow will be monitored by computer. （水流將由計算機來監(jiān)測。）
Text A How TV Violence Affects Kids
本課主要單詞
1.violence n. 暴力；強烈
violent adj. 暴力的；強烈的
1） Preschool children suffer most from TV violence. （學齡前兒童受暴力電視節(jié)目的危害深。）
2） People in that country hated the king to the marrow as he ruled the country with violence.（那個國家的人民對國王恨之入骨，因為他用暴力進行統(tǒng)治。）
3）He flung open the door with violence.?。ㄋ脛诺孛腿话验T打開。）
4）The violent blow sent him down on his knees. （那猛烈的一擊使他跪倒在地。）
5）The doctor told him not to do any violent exercise. （ 醫(yī)生囑咐他不要進行劇烈運動。）
2.exposure n. 暴露；揭露；曝光
expose v. 暴露；使曝光；使遭受；使處于…影響之下；展出
1）Too much exposure to sunlight will burn your skin.（過度曬太陽會曬傷皮膚。）
2）The exposure of corruption by the media caught the attention of the public.（傳媒對腐敗的揭露引起了公眾的注意。）
3）She concealed the secret from her parents， fearing the exposure would stun them.（她對父母隱瞞了這個秘密，擔心秘密暴露會令父母震驚。）
4）How many exposures have you made？?。闩牧藥讖堈掌?？）
5）His shirt was open， exposing the tattoo on his chest. （他的襯衣敞開了，露出了刺在胸部的文身。）
6）His fatness exposed him to a lot of joking at the office.?。ㄋL得肥胖，因此在辦公室常受取笑。）
7）He was exposed to music when he was a child. （他自幼受音樂薰陶。）
8）Parents should expose their children to good books. （父母應讓孩子們讀好書。）
9）He is going to expose all his collections at the auction.?。ㄋ蛩闩馁u時把收藏品全部陳列出來。）
3.allocate v. 分配；把…撥給；把…劃歸
allocation n. 分配；劃撥的款項
1）Some doctors and teachers will be allocated to the villagers to help the people there.（一些醫(yī)生和教師將被派往那些村子幫助那兒的人們。）
2）They were dissatisfied with the way resources were allocated.（他們對資源分配的方式不滿意。）
3）One third of the money has been allocated to the public services.（三分之一的經(jīng)費已撥給了公用事業(yè)。）
4）They said the allocation of seats was unfair.（他們說席位的分配不公平。）
5）He has a $5000 allocation to cover the expenses.（他有一筆5000美元的撥款以應付各項支出。）
4. significantly adv. considerably （相當數(shù)量地）；meaningfully （有意義地）
significant adj. important，meaningful （意義重大的）
marked，considerable （不必忽略的；相當數(shù)量的）
significance n. consequence （意義；影響） implication（含義）
1）Their opinions don't differ significantly from each other. （他們倆的看法沒有明顯差別。）
2）He said to us significantly that education of the youth would be vital to the future of a country. （他意味深長地對我們說年輕人的教育對于一個國家的未來至關重要。）
3）July 4 is a significant date for Americans.?。▽γ绹藖碚f七月四日是一個意義重大的日子。）
4）There has been a significant increase in juvenule crime in recent years.（近年來，青少年犯罪活動有了相當大的增加。）
5）This is an event of great significance.?。ㄟ@是一個非常重大的事件。）
6）It is necessary to attach great significance to environmental protection.（重視環(huán)境保護是必要的。）
5.per prep. 每一，每
1）He earns $3000 per month.（他每月掙3000美元。）
2）We drove at the speed of 70miles per hour.（我們以每小時70英里的速度行駛。）
3）Take the medicine 3times per day.（這藥每日服三次。）
4）They spent more than 20million pounds per year.（他們每年花費兩千萬英鎊。）
6.given prep. considering （考慮到）
1）Given their inexperience， they have done a good job.（考慮到他們缺乏經(jīng)驗，這工作他們做得不錯。）
2）Given his age， the old man is in good condition.?。紤]到老人的年齡，他的身體狀況很不錯了。）
3）Given my interest in oil painting， this is the best place to study.（考慮到我對油畫的興趣，這是學習的好地方。）
4）It seems unreasonable to send him away， given that he is doing quite well.（考慮到他的工作干得很不錯，把他解雇是不合理的。）
7.adopt v. take up （采?。?； accept （收養(yǎng)）； officially pass （正式通過）
1）I don't know if I should adopt a positive attitude towards the whole happening.（我不知道我是否應該對整個事件采取積極態(tài)度。）
2）Their country adopted press censorship. （他們國家采取了新聞檢查制度。）
3）They adopted an orphan as they had no child of their own.（他們自己沒孩子，所以收養(yǎng)了一個孤兒。）
4）The boy was happy as anything when his parents decided to adopt a puppy.（當爸爸媽媽決定收養(yǎng)一條小狗時，那個男孩高興極了。）
5）Congress adopted the new measures. （國會通過了新措施。）
6）The National Congress adopted the government report.（全國人大通過了政府工作報告。）
請注意區(qū)別adopt和adapt
adapt vi. adjust （調節(jié)；改變…以適應）
vt. revise（校準；調整；改編）
1）He had to adapt himself to the new condition.（他不得不使自己適應新的情況。）
2）Mr. Wang could not adapt himself to the new climate.?。ㄍ跸壬荒苓m應新的氣候。）
3）He is adapting the novel for television.（他正把那部小說改編為電視劇。）
8.distinguish v. separate （區(qū)別，辨別）； identify （認出）
1）You have to distinguish facts from rumours if you want to form a correct opinion.（如果想有一個正確的觀點，你得分辨事實和傳聞。）
2）He was distinguished from other boys by his height.（他的身高顯出他與其它男孩的不同。）
3）Some children were unable to distinguish between the letters b and p.?。ㄓ行┖⒆硬荒芊直孀帜竍和p.）
9.fantasy n. 想像；幻想
1）He is always having fantasies about becoming rich.（他總是抱著發(fā)財?shù)幕孟?。?BR> 2）To a small child， fantasy and reality are very close to each other .（對幼兒來說，幻想和現(xiàn)實靠得很近。）
請注意區(qū)別fancy，fantasy，imagination
fancy和fantasy多指無事實依據(jù)的憑空想像。Fancy的內容多是虛構的，幻想的；fantasy的內容更是荒誕古怪的。
Imagination的想像多依據(jù)所見所聞或現(xiàn)實內容一般是合理的。
1）She went wherever the fancy took her. （她隨興致所至想去哪里就去哪里。）
2）These fantasies are sometimes very dangerous to school children. （對學齡兒童來說這些古怪念頭是很危險的。）
3）Poets， artists and inventors need imagination.?。ㄔ娙耍囆g家和發(fā)明家都需要想像力。）
10.underlying adj. 在下面的；根本的；潛在的
1）There are underlying similarities between all human beings.?。ㄈ伺c人之間有著潛在的相似之處。）
2）The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. （這本小說的潛在主題是極其嚴肅的。）
3）Can you understand the underlying meaning of what he said？?。隳芾斫馑f的話的含義嗎？）
4）The underlying structure of this building is no doubt very firm. （這座樓的底層結構無疑是牢固的。）
11.motive n. reason， purpose （動機，目的）
1）Greed was his only motive for receiving bribery. （貪婪是他受賄的原因。）
2）His motive in coming was a wish to achieve mutual understanding. （他來的動機是想達成相互理解。）
3）The little boy opened his sister's mail through motives of curiosity. （那個小男孩出于好奇打開了姐姐的郵件。）
4）You should question his motive before you approve his conduct. （在你贊同他的所作所為之前應該先質詢他的動機。）
12.subtlety n. delicacy；sensitivity 微妙之處，細微之處；敏銳
subtle adj. 隱約的；微妙的
1）Nobody noticed the subtlety of his remarks. （沒有人聽出他話中的微妙含義。）
2）They can sense each other's intentions with great subtlety. （他們能敏銳地感覺到彼此的意圖。）
3）It is difficult for people from other cultures to master the subtleties of the American joke.?。▽τ趤碜云渌幕娜藖碚f掌握美國笑話的微妙之處是困難的。）
4）His whole attitude has undergone a subtle change. （他的整個態(tài)度已經(jīng)有了微妙的變化。）
5）He dwelt on the subtle distinction between the two words.（他詳述兩個詞詞義的細微差別。）
13.moral adj. 有道德的 n. 道德；寓意
1）He complained that he had witnessed a fall in moral standards.（他抱怨說他目睹了道德標準的衰落。）
2）Parents are responsible for the children's moral welfare.（父母應對孩子道德上的健康成長負責。）
3）The moral of the story was “A friend in need is a friend indeed ”。（這個故事的教益是“患難之交見真情。”）
4）I don't know what moral to draw from all this. （我不知道從所有這一切中應得出何種教訓。）
5）He has no morals and will do anything for money. （他毫無道德，為了錢什么都干得出來。）
14.recovery n. 康復；收回
recover v. 恢復；收復；挽回
1）He is recovered from his illness.?。ㄋ鸦謴土私】怠＃?BR> 2）She recovered her strength after two days'rest.?。ń?jīng)過兩天的休息，她恢復了力氣。）
3）The police recovered the stolen watch. （警察追回了失竊的手表。）
4）He said he had to work hard to recover the lost time. （他說他得努力工作，把失去的時間補回來。）
5）Mr. Wang insisted that the economic recovery was still slow.?。ㄍ跸壬鷪猿终J為經(jīng)濟復蘇還太緩慢。）
6）She made a remarkable recovery from the illness.?。ㄋ钊梭@異地從那場疾病中康復了。）
7）The recovery of the lost wallet thrilled the whole family.?。ㄊ溴X包的復得使全家人興奮不已。）
15.unrealistic adj. impractical （不切實際的）
1）It is unrealistic to expect better conditions in the near future.（在不遠的將來指望有更好的形勢是不現(xiàn)實的。）
2）This demand proved unrealistic and unworkable. （這個要求證明是不切實際且不可行的。）
3）You have unrealistic expectations. （你的期望不切實際。）
16.imitate v. 模仿
imitation n. 模仿
imitative adj. 模仿的；仿制的
1）Many writers imitate the language of Shakespeare. （許多作家模仿莎士比亞的語言。）
2）His handwriting is difficult to imitate. （他的筆跡很難模仿。）
3）Children learn many things by imitation. （兒童通過模仿學會許多東西。）
4）Acting is an imitative art. （表演是一種模仿性藝術。）
5）Monkeys are imitative （猴兒愛模仿。）
17.undermine vt. weaken （侵蝕…基礎；暗中破壞；逐漸損害）
1）Many severe colds undermined the old man's health.（多次嚴重的感冒損害了老人的健康。）
2）Failures undermined her confidence. （一再的失敗使她漸漸喪失了信心。）
3）The foundations of the house have been undermined by groundwater.（地下水侵蝕了這座房屋的地基。）
18.jeopardize vt. threaten endanger （使處于危險境地；危及，損害）
1）He jeopardized his life to save the drowning child. （他冒著生命危害救護那個溺水兒童。）
2）He jeopardized his fortune by making bad investments.（他由于投資不當而危及自己的財產(chǎn)。）
3）I didn't want to jeopardize my relationship with my new friend. （我不想損害我和新朋友的關系。）
19.interpret vt. 解釋；口譯
interpretation n. 解釋；口譯
interpreter n. 口譯者
1）Literature helps to interpret life. （文學有助于闡明人生的意義。）
2）His silence was interpreted as consent. （他的沉默被認為是同意。）
3）People often give different interpretations of the past. （人們往往對過去作出不同的解釋。）
4）He is talking to the foreign guest through an interpreter. （他正通過譯員與外國客人交談。）
20.monitor n. 監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)控器；監(jiān)聽員；班長 v. 監(jiān)聽；監(jiān)視；監(jiān)控
1）The patient was connected to the monitor. （一臺監(jiān)控器連接到病人身上。）
2）He is the monitor of our class. （他是我們班班長。）
3）The police monitored all the phone calls of the suspect. （警察監(jiān)聽了疑犯的所有電話通話。）
4）Water flow will be monitored by computer. （水流將由計算機來監(jiān)測。）