形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)
1.原級(jí)：表示A與B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 謂 + as + 原級(jí) + as + B
2) A + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級(jí) + as + B
A與B在某方面不同
注意：not as / so… as = less than 不及；不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比較級(jí)：兩者進(jìn)行比較（常與than連用）
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書更有趣，這本還是那本？
3.高級(jí)：三者（或三者以上）進(jìn)行比較（常與表范圍的in , of短語(yǔ)連用）
( 注意：of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比較等級(jí)的其他用法
1) “比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)” 表示 “越來(lái)越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越來(lái)越懶
(但注意：如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越來(lái)越漂亮
2) “the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)” “越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懶，收獲越少。
3) “the比較級(jí)of +二者” “二者中較……的一個(gè)”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級(jí)”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……幾倍”時(shí)用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價(jià)錢是那本書的兩倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have 他擁有的書是我擁有的四倍。
6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older（年齡較老的）
elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比較等級(jí)還應(yīng)注意
1.比較級(jí)前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“……一點(diǎn)兒；……得多 ； 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點(diǎn)兒
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比較級(jí)前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比較級(jí)必須是同類事物相比（即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)是同類事物），注意常用漏的代詞有：that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3.個(gè)體與整體相比，不能包括個(gè)體，常用“any other + 單數(shù)名詞”來(lái)進(jìn)行比較。
eg.1）Betty(是個(gè)體) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整體). ( × )
正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特別注意以上三種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中國(guó)比非洲的任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中國(guó)比亞洲的任何一個(gè)其他國(guó)家大。
*4.使用高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)包括在范圍內(nèi)。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”時(shí)，可在高級(jí)前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first）
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改錯(cuò)：________________
附：形、副比較級(jí)和高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則
A、規(guī)則變化
1.“輔 + y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞除外)
2.雙寫加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音詞前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞也在前加more , most)
B、不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí)比較級(jí)高級(jí)
good/well
better
best
many/much
more
most
bad/ill/badly
worse
worst
little
less
least
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
另外：
1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2) tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容詞的高級(jí)前一般加the, 副詞的高級(jí)前一般不加the (但當(dāng)形容詞高級(jí)前有物主代詞、所有格時(shí)則不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改錯(cuò)) ________
5)形容詞作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語(yǔ)，只能表語(yǔ)：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞。
練 習(xí)
一、寫出下列詞的比較級(jí)和高級(jí)
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、選擇填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
附Ⅰ——?jiǎng)釉~的四種形式
A、動(dòng)三單的變法
1) “輔+y”結(jié)尾, 變y為i加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o結(jié)尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法
1)去e加ing (e不發(fā)音)
2)雙寫加ing (“輔元輔”結(jié)尾且重讀,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
（一）不規(guī)則變化（見(jiàn)課本不規(guī)則變化表P255）
（二）規(guī)則變化
1) “輔+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加ed
2)雙寫加ed
3)直接加ed
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
附Ⅱ——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+動(dòng)原
1.must(必須)——needn’t(不必)
may(可以)——mustn’t(不許；不準(zhǔn)；不可以)
2.注意幾個(gè)題：
1)—May I go with you?
—No, you _________.
2)—Must I turn off the light now?
—Yes, you ______/ No, you _________
附Ⅲ——?jiǎng)釉~不定式與動(dòng)名詞
A、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)
1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________
否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do __________
____________________
2)省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)
即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel
但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2)在改作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)省去的to應(yīng)還原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing
1.原級(jí)：表示A與B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 謂 + as + 原級(jí) + as + B
2) A + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級(jí) + as + B
A與B在某方面不同
注意：not as / so… as = less than 不及；不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比較級(jí)：兩者進(jìn)行比較（常與than連用）
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書更有趣，這本還是那本？
3.高級(jí)：三者（或三者以上）進(jìn)行比較（常與表范圍的in , of短語(yǔ)連用）
( 注意：of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比較等級(jí)的其他用法
1) “比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)” 表示 “越來(lái)越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越來(lái)越懶
(但注意：如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越來(lái)越漂亮
2) “the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)” “越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懶，收獲越少。
3) “the比較級(jí)of +二者” “二者中較……的一個(gè)”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級(jí)”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……幾倍”時(shí)用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價(jià)錢是那本書的兩倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have 他擁有的書是我擁有的四倍。
6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older（年齡較老的）
elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比較等級(jí)還應(yīng)注意
1.比較級(jí)前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“……一點(diǎn)兒；……得多 ； 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點(diǎn)兒
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比較級(jí)前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比較級(jí)必須是同類事物相比（即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)是同類事物），注意常用漏的代詞有：that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3.個(gè)體與整體相比，不能包括個(gè)體，常用“any other + 單數(shù)名詞”來(lái)進(jìn)行比較。
eg.1）Betty(是個(gè)體) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整體). ( × )
正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特別注意以上三種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中國(guó)比非洲的任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中國(guó)比亞洲的任何一個(gè)其他國(guó)家大。
*4.使用高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)包括在范圍內(nèi)。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”時(shí)，可在高級(jí)前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first）
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改錯(cuò)：________________
附：形、副比較級(jí)和高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則
A、規(guī)則變化
1.“輔 + y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞除外)
2.雙寫加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音詞前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞也在前加more , most)
B、不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí)比較級(jí)高級(jí)
good/well
better
best
many/much
more
most
bad/ill/badly
worse
worst
little
less
least
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
另外：
1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2) tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容詞的高級(jí)前一般加the, 副詞的高級(jí)前一般不加the (但當(dāng)形容詞高級(jí)前有物主代詞、所有格時(shí)則不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改錯(cuò)) ________
5)形容詞作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語(yǔ)，只能表語(yǔ)：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞。
練 習(xí)
一、寫出下列詞的比較級(jí)和高級(jí)
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、選擇填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
附Ⅰ——?jiǎng)釉~的四種形式
A、動(dòng)三單的變法
1) “輔+y”結(jié)尾, 變y為i加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o結(jié)尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法
1)去e加ing (e不發(fā)音)
2)雙寫加ing (“輔元輔”結(jié)尾且重讀,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
（一）不規(guī)則變化（見(jiàn)課本不規(guī)則變化表P255）
（二）規(guī)則變化
1) “輔+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加ed
2)雙寫加ed
3)直接加ed
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
附Ⅱ——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+動(dòng)原
1.must(必須)——needn’t(不必)
may(可以)——mustn’t(不許；不準(zhǔn)；不可以)
2.注意幾個(gè)題：
1)—May I go with you?
—No, you _________.
2)—Must I turn off the light now?
—Yes, you ______/ No, you _________
附Ⅲ——?jiǎng)釉~不定式與動(dòng)名詞
A、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)
1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________
否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do __________
____________________
2)省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)
即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel
但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2)在改作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)省去的to應(yīng)還原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing