A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (語(yǔ)聲), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.
Let’s look at this __1__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.
Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by __4__ of cries: for example, many birds utter __5__ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter __6__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. __7__ these various means of communication differ in important ways __8__ human language. For instance, animals’ cries do not __9__ thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that __10__ us to divide a human utterance into __11__.
We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __14__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, __15__ means “danger!”
This is why the number of __16__ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case __17__ point; it has about twenty different calls, __18__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __19__. It also explains why animal cries are very __20__ in meaning.
1.A) classification B) definition C) function D) perception
2.A) that B) it C) as D) what
3.A) native B) human C) physical D) animal
4.A) ways B) means C) methods D) approaches
5.A) mating B) exciting C) warning D) boring
6.A) identical B) similar C) different D) unfamiliar
7.A) But B) Therefore C) Afterwards D) Furthermore
8.A) about B) with C) from D) in
9.A) infer B) explain C) interpret D) express
10.A) encourages B) enables C) enforces D) ensures
11.A) speeches B) sounds C) words D) voices
12.A) replacing B) spelling C) pronouncing D) saying
13.A) ours B) theirs C) another D) others
14.A) so B) and C) but D) or
15.A) this B) that C) which D) it
16.A) signs B) gestures C) signals D) marks
17.A) in B) at C) of D) for
18.A) whereas B) since C) anyhow D) somehow
19.A) boundless B) changeable C) limitless D) ceaseless
20.A) ordinary B) alike C) common D) general
1,When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了這種心理).
2,Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（擋路了）.
3,How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很強(qiáng)的影響) the character of the children.
4,Mark often____________________________(試圖逃脫罰款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
5,In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起著不可缺少的作用) in raising children.
答案解析：
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D
1,語(yǔ)境題.本題的解答需要對(duì)文章的第一段進(jìn)行理解.第一段主要講到了聲音的作用,注意到本句中的more detail,即更多的細(xì)節(jié),這說明本句話是對(duì)上一段的補(bǔ)充說明,所以應(yīng)該選擇表示作用意思的function.
2,語(yǔ)法題.分析本句話Let’s look at this __1__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.將本句中的主句及插入結(jié)構(gòu)拿開不管,本題所考察的句子應(yīng)該是it is language__2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.分析可知本句話是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句.由此本題應(yīng)該選擇that.
3,詞匯搭配題.分析本句話it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.本句話的意思是是語(yǔ)言,而不是別的什么東西,把人和...世界區(qū)別開來.考察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),根據(jù)常理,應(yīng)該選擇animal,即動(dòng)物世界.
4,詞匯搭配題.本題主要考查的是固定搭配by means of...意思為以...方式.而其他三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的搭配為:way ＋ to do/of doing sth. ,method ＋of,approach to＋名詞.這四個(gè)詞組都表示...的方法,方式的意思. 5,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話many birds utter __5__ calls at the approach of danger.由句中的標(biāo)志詞danger可知應(yīng)該選擇warning.
6,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話monkeys utter __66__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.猴子的叫聲所表達(dá)的是生氣,恐懼,高興三種情緒,所以應(yīng)該選擇different.
7,語(yǔ)境題.本題考查兩句話之間的邏輯關(guān)系.前一個(gè)句子講鳥和猴子用叫聲表達(dá)情緒,后一個(gè)句子講交流的多種方法在方式上不同于人類的語(yǔ)言.
8,詞匯搭配題.本題考查固定搭配differ...from...意思為與...不同.
9,語(yǔ)境題.本題運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法解題.在前面已經(jīng)提到monkeys utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.本句中animals’ cries do not __9__ thoughts and feelings clearly.前面講猴子用不同的叫聲表達(dá)生氣,恐懼,高興,這一句又講動(dòng)物的叫聲不能清楚的...想法和感覺.由此可知應(yīng)該選擇表達(dá)的動(dòng)詞形式express.
10,詞匯搭配題.本題所填詞匯需要滿足兩個(gè)條件,首先滿足結(jié)構(gòu)*(動(dòng)詞) sb.to do sth.,另外要符合上下文的意思.由此可以確定應(yīng)該選擇enable,enable sb.to do sth.的意思是使某人能...
11,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話divide a human utterance into __11__.意思是將人類語(yǔ)言劃分為...,由divide...into...這個(gè)詞組可以知道所填入的詞語(yǔ)與human utterance是相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ).考察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),speech的意思是說話,說話方式或演講,由此可以排除該選項(xiàng),因?yàn)閮烧咭馑枷嗤?sound的意思是聲音,word的意思是字,話,消息,詞,諾言,命令,代碼,voice的意思是聲音,由此可以確定應(yīng)該選擇word.
12,語(yǔ)境題.本題應(yīng)用到復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)解答本題.分析本句話,We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__,由by引導(dǎo)的部分是文章的方式狀語(yǔ),其實(shí)是與主句所表達(dá)意思是相近的.根據(jù)主句中的詞語(yǔ)change,可以確定應(yīng)該選擇與其意思相近的replace,意思為代替.
13,搭配題.首先分析句子We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__,注意到文章中的one word,并且分析后面的內(nèi)容可知,后面主要是講人們的某一表達(dá)中,用一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)代替另一個(gè)詞語(yǔ).由one可知,本題答案為another,即另一個(gè).
14,語(yǔ)境題.本題是考查兩句話之間的邏輯關(guān)系.分析句子a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __14__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north”句中含有兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句,而兩個(gè)從句之間的意思是相近的,所以應(yīng)該選擇and.
15,語(yǔ)法題.本題考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句.分析句子a bird has a single alarm cry, __75__ means “danger!”由句中的逗號(hào),以及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,由此可以確定選擇which.
16,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話,This is why the number of __16__ that an animal can make is very limited.本題所要求填入的詞語(yǔ)是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,由定語(yǔ)從句分析可知,從句所表達(dá)的意思與文章第二段所表達(dá)的動(dòng)物的特殊的表達(dá)方式很有限意思是相同的.所以本題應(yīng)該選擇符合文章意思的表示動(dòng)物特殊的表達(dá)方式,也就是信號(hào)的意思,由此確定選擇signal.
17,詞匯搭配題.本題考查固定搭配in point,意思為相關(guān)的,適用的.
18,語(yǔ)境題.本句主要考查兩個(gè)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系.分析本句話it has about twenty different calls, __18__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __19__.由分析可知,前半句是講大山雀的,后半句話是將人的,本文的大意就是比較人類和動(dòng)物語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別.由此可以確定選擇表示然而意思的whereas.
19,語(yǔ)境題.本題的解答需要理解本文的大意.本文主要講動(dòng)物的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)很有限,只能表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的意思,而人類的語(yǔ)言很豐富,可以表達(dá)特定的意思.而本句前半句講大山雀的20種叫聲,而含半句是與前半句形成強(qiáng)對(duì)比的,所以應(yīng)該選擇含有無限的意思的limitless.
20,語(yǔ)境題.本句話是文章的最后一句話,又總結(jié)全文的意思.所以本題的解答依舊需要根據(jù)全文的大意來解題.由上一題分析可知人的語(yǔ)言可以表達(dá)具體特定的意思,而動(dòng)物發(fā)出了聲音只能表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的意思.所以本題應(yīng)該選擇general.
1,overcame it/got over it
2,in the way
3,has a strong influence on
4,attempts to escape being fined
5,play indispensable roles
Let’s look at this __1__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.
Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by __4__ of cries: for example, many birds utter __5__ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter __6__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. __7__ these various means of communication differ in important ways __8__ human language. For instance, animals’ cries do not __9__ thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that __10__ us to divide a human utterance into __11__.
We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __14__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, __15__ means “danger!”
This is why the number of __16__ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case __17__ point; it has about twenty different calls, __18__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __19__. It also explains why animal cries are very __20__ in meaning.
1.A) classification B) definition C) function D) perception
2.A) that B) it C) as D) what
3.A) native B) human C) physical D) animal
4.A) ways B) means C) methods D) approaches
5.A) mating B) exciting C) warning D) boring
6.A) identical B) similar C) different D) unfamiliar
7.A) But B) Therefore C) Afterwards D) Furthermore
8.A) about B) with C) from D) in
9.A) infer B) explain C) interpret D) express
10.A) encourages B) enables C) enforces D) ensures
11.A) speeches B) sounds C) words D) voices
12.A) replacing B) spelling C) pronouncing D) saying
13.A) ours B) theirs C) another D) others
14.A) so B) and C) but D) or
15.A) this B) that C) which D) it
16.A) signs B) gestures C) signals D) marks
17.A) in B) at C) of D) for
18.A) whereas B) since C) anyhow D) somehow
19.A) boundless B) changeable C) limitless D) ceaseless
20.A) ordinary B) alike C) common D) general
1,When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了這種心理).
2,Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（擋路了）.
3,How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很強(qiáng)的影響) the character of the children.
4,Mark often____________________________(試圖逃脫罰款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
5,In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起著不可缺少的作用) in raising children.
答案解析：
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D
1,語(yǔ)境題.本題的解答需要對(duì)文章的第一段進(jìn)行理解.第一段主要講到了聲音的作用,注意到本句中的more detail,即更多的細(xì)節(jié),這說明本句話是對(duì)上一段的補(bǔ)充說明,所以應(yīng)該選擇表示作用意思的function.
2,語(yǔ)法題.分析本句話Let’s look at this __1__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.將本句中的主句及插入結(jié)構(gòu)拿開不管,本題所考察的句子應(yīng)該是it is language__2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.分析可知本句話是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句.由此本題應(yīng)該選擇that.
3,詞匯搭配題.分析本句話it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.本句話的意思是是語(yǔ)言,而不是別的什么東西,把人和...世界區(qū)別開來.考察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),根據(jù)常理,應(yīng)該選擇animal,即動(dòng)物世界.
4,詞匯搭配題.本題主要考查的是固定搭配by means of...意思為以...方式.而其他三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的搭配為:way ＋ to do/of doing sth. ,method ＋of,approach to＋名詞.這四個(gè)詞組都表示...的方法,方式的意思. 5,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話many birds utter __5__ calls at the approach of danger.由句中的標(biāo)志詞danger可知應(yīng)該選擇warning.
6,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話monkeys utter __66__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.猴子的叫聲所表達(dá)的是生氣,恐懼,高興三種情緒,所以應(yīng)該選擇different.
7,語(yǔ)境題.本題考查兩句話之間的邏輯關(guān)系.前一個(gè)句子講鳥和猴子用叫聲表達(dá)情緒,后一個(gè)句子講交流的多種方法在方式上不同于人類的語(yǔ)言.
8,詞匯搭配題.本題考查固定搭配differ...from...意思為與...不同.
9,語(yǔ)境題.本題運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法解題.在前面已經(jīng)提到monkeys utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.本句中animals’ cries do not __9__ thoughts and feelings clearly.前面講猴子用不同的叫聲表達(dá)生氣,恐懼,高興,這一句又講動(dòng)物的叫聲不能清楚的...想法和感覺.由此可知應(yīng)該選擇表達(dá)的動(dòng)詞形式express.
10,詞匯搭配題.本題所填詞匯需要滿足兩個(gè)條件,首先滿足結(jié)構(gòu)*(動(dòng)詞) sb.to do sth.,另外要符合上下文的意思.由此可以確定應(yīng)該選擇enable,enable sb.to do sth.的意思是使某人能...
11,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話divide a human utterance into __11__.意思是將人類語(yǔ)言劃分為...,由divide...into...這個(gè)詞組可以知道所填入的詞語(yǔ)與human utterance是相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ).考察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),speech的意思是說話,說話方式或演講,由此可以排除該選項(xiàng),因?yàn)閮烧咭馑枷嗤?sound的意思是聲音,word的意思是字,話,消息,詞,諾言,命令,代碼,voice的意思是聲音,由此可以確定應(yīng)該選擇word.
12,語(yǔ)境題.本題應(yīng)用到復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)解答本題.分析本句話,We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__,由by引導(dǎo)的部分是文章的方式狀語(yǔ),其實(shí)是與主句所表達(dá)意思是相近的.根據(jù)主句中的詞語(yǔ)change,可以確定應(yīng)該選擇與其意思相近的replace,意思為代替.
13,搭配題.首先分析句子We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__,注意到文章中的one word,并且分析后面的內(nèi)容可知,后面主要是講人們的某一表達(dá)中,用一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)代替另一個(gè)詞語(yǔ).由one可知,本題答案為another,即另一個(gè).
14,語(yǔ)境題.本題是考查兩句話之間的邏輯關(guān)系.分析句子a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __14__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north”句中含有兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句,而兩個(gè)從句之間的意思是相近的,所以應(yīng)該選擇and.
15,語(yǔ)法題.本題考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句.分析句子a bird has a single alarm cry, __75__ means “danger!”由句中的逗號(hào),以及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,由此可以確定選擇which.
16,語(yǔ)境題.分析本句話,This is why the number of __16__ that an animal can make is very limited.本題所要求填入的詞語(yǔ)是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,由定語(yǔ)從句分析可知,從句所表達(dá)的意思與文章第二段所表達(dá)的動(dòng)物的特殊的表達(dá)方式很有限意思是相同的.所以本題應(yīng)該選擇符合文章意思的表示動(dòng)物特殊的表達(dá)方式,也就是信號(hào)的意思,由此確定選擇signal.
17,詞匯搭配題.本題考查固定搭配in point,意思為相關(guān)的,適用的.
18,語(yǔ)境題.本句主要考查兩個(gè)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系.分析本句話it has about twenty different calls, __18__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __19__.由分析可知,前半句是講大山雀的,后半句話是將人的,本文的大意就是比較人類和動(dòng)物語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別.由此可以確定選擇表示然而意思的whereas.
19,語(yǔ)境題.本題的解答需要理解本文的大意.本文主要講動(dòng)物的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)很有限,只能表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的意思,而人類的語(yǔ)言很豐富,可以表達(dá)特定的意思.而本句前半句講大山雀的20種叫聲,而含半句是與前半句形成強(qiáng)對(duì)比的,所以應(yīng)該選擇含有無限的意思的limitless.
20,語(yǔ)境題.本句話是文章的最后一句話,又總結(jié)全文的意思.所以本題的解答依舊需要根據(jù)全文的大意來解題.由上一題分析可知人的語(yǔ)言可以表達(dá)具體特定的意思,而動(dòng)物發(fā)出了聲音只能表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的意思.所以本題應(yīng)該選擇general.
1,overcame it/got over it
2,in the way
3,has a strong influence on
4,attempts to escape being fined
5,play indispensable roles