簡(jiǎn)短回答題(Short Answer Questions)在全國(guó)四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試中屬新題型,這種新題型已從1997年元月起在全國(guó)四、六級(jí)考試中陸續(xù)使用。在四、六級(jí)考試卷面上, "簡(jiǎn)短回答"題部分緊接在"閱讀理解"部分之后。位于Paper Two上, 和寫作(Writing)并列為兩道大題, 每次考試為三百字左右的文章, 文章類型的難易度與閱讀理解部分的類似。文章后面有五個(gè)問(wèn)答題或不完整的句子, 要求考生在閱讀文章以后用簡(jiǎn)短的英文句子、單詞或短語(yǔ), 來(lái)回答所提出的問(wèn)題或完成不完整的句子?？荚嚂r(shí)間為15分鐘, 分值為15分, 與寫作部分并重?？梢? 簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)答題做得好與壞、優(yōu)與劣, 直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)卷面的得分。
一. 題型的目的和宗旨
簡(jiǎn)答題是主觀題的一種類型。這種題型不僅可以檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)文章的理解, 同時(shí)還可以測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握程度, 對(duì)語(yǔ)言文字的表達(dá)、駕馭能力, 是一種極好的能夠體現(xiàn)學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的題型。
二. 答題要求和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
簡(jiǎn)答題要求考生在讀懂文章的前提下, 用正確、簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)言回答問(wèn)題。這就要求考生回答問(wèn)題時(shí)要注重"正確、簡(jiǎn)短"這四個(gè)字的含義。
首先, "正確"體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：
1. 回答的內(nèi)容必須正確：考生所運(yùn)用的表達(dá)方式可以多種多樣, 各不相同, 但必須遵循一個(gè)原則, 那就是必須回答得正確, 要準(zhǔn)確到位, 不能問(wèn)東答西, 牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴。
2. 語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)形式必須正確：要用合乎語(yǔ)法規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)清楚。語(yǔ)言出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)便會(huì)扣分。當(dāng)然簡(jiǎn)答題的宗旨是注重內(nèi)容而不太注重形式, 所以即便考生表達(dá)出現(xiàn)多種語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤, 都只扣掉0. 5分。
其次, "簡(jiǎn)短"是很重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？忌卮饐?wèn)題時(shí), 要言簡(jiǎn)意賅, 切忌羅嗦。因此如果考生回答問(wèn)題時(shí)出現(xiàn)無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容時(shí), 便要扣除0. 5分, 而且如果答案中有相互矛盾的內(nèi)容時(shí), 則內(nèi)容矛盾的部分均不得分。
三. 答題技巧
根據(jù)以上的答題宗旨和要求, 我們?cè)谧鲞@種題目時(shí), 就必須要注意一些答題技巧。一般來(lái)講, 作簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)答題應(yīng)遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟來(lái)進(jìn)行：
1. 閱讀要有的放矢?？上扔靡环昼娮笥业臅r(shí)間, 來(lái)大致了解一下文章后面提出的問(wèn)題及其所問(wèn)的內(nèi)容, 做到閱讀文章時(shí)心中有數(shù), 帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀。這樣做的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是避免了閱讀中的盲目性,既節(jié)約了閱讀時(shí)間, 又提高了閱讀效率, 同時(shí)也就把握住了回答問(wèn)題的準(zhǔn)確度。
2. 然后, 用五分鐘左右的時(shí)間來(lái)仔細(xì)閱讀文章, 閱讀速度一般為每分鐘60個(gè)單詞, 不宜過(guò)快過(guò)急, 否則就要影響理解效果, 欲速則不達(dá)。閱讀時(shí)憑借腦中對(duì)各題所問(wèn)內(nèi)容的印象, 捕捉與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息詞。在原文和問(wèn)題有關(guān)短語(yǔ)、句子上做相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。以便做題時(shí)查找。
3. 原則上, 讀一遍原文即可答題, 一般難度的問(wèn)題到此即可獲得圓滿答案。如果有的問(wèn)題較難, 難以立刻找到答案, 可有選擇地再仔細(xì)閱讀原文中與該題有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。切忌考生憑自己的主觀臆斷來(lái)答題。
4. 答題時(shí)盡量使用自己的語(yǔ)言, 不要過(guò)多地照抄文中的語(yǔ)句。答案要簡(jiǎn)潔、扼要, 書寫要工整清晰, 爭(zhēng)取以最簡(jiǎn)單易懂的詞句來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。
5. 答案一定要寫在該題所要求寫的地方, 以避答非所問(wèn)之嫌, 而影響得分。
三. 答題技巧
根據(jù)以上的答題宗旨和要求, 我們?cè)谧鲞@種題目時(shí), 就必須要注意一些答題技巧, 為了能夠直觀地闡述清楚, 我們選取一篇文章為例：
In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour ) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h.. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h.. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drove at whatever speeds they liked. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian (行路人) crossings.
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain, offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
The main controversy (爭(zhēng)論) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise (同樣的), when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (傷亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA. Questions:
1. During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits? From 1930 to 1935. / Between 1930 and 1935.
2. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions? Driving tests and pedestrian crossings.
3. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he_____. Drivers too fast ./ exceeds the speed limit.
4. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws? Speed limits reduce accidents.
5. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents? The increase in traffic density
1. 越簡(jiǎn)單明了越好
一般來(lái)說(shuō), 這種題型得分高的往往都是那些表達(dá)非常簡(jiǎn)短的考生。要學(xué)會(huì)抓住關(guān)鍵字詞, 問(wèn)什么答什么, 不要有任何多余的、拖泥帶水的廢話, 這樣不僅做到了簡(jiǎn)潔, 同時(shí)也避免了寫長(zhǎng)句容易出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的毛博
2. 避免機(jī)械地整句照搬、要靈活變動(dòng)。
考生如果原封不動(dòng)地照搬一句扣0. 5分, 照搬兩句以及兩句以上扣2分, 因此即便是肯定原文中的某句就是正確答案, 也不要完整地抄下來(lái), 而應(yīng)做些變動(dòng)。
一. 題型的目的和宗旨
簡(jiǎn)答題是主觀題的一種類型。這種題型不僅可以檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)文章的理解, 同時(shí)還可以測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握程度, 對(duì)語(yǔ)言文字的表達(dá)、駕馭能力, 是一種極好的能夠體現(xiàn)學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的題型。
二. 答題要求和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
簡(jiǎn)答題要求考生在讀懂文章的前提下, 用正確、簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)言回答問(wèn)題。這就要求考生回答問(wèn)題時(shí)要注重"正確、簡(jiǎn)短"這四個(gè)字的含義。
首先, "正確"體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：
1. 回答的內(nèi)容必須正確：考生所運(yùn)用的表達(dá)方式可以多種多樣, 各不相同, 但必須遵循一個(gè)原則, 那就是必須回答得正確, 要準(zhǔn)確到位, 不能問(wèn)東答西, 牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴。
2. 語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)形式必須正確：要用合乎語(yǔ)法規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)清楚。語(yǔ)言出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)便會(huì)扣分。當(dāng)然簡(jiǎn)答題的宗旨是注重內(nèi)容而不太注重形式, 所以即便考生表達(dá)出現(xiàn)多種語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤, 都只扣掉0. 5分。
其次, "簡(jiǎn)短"是很重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？忌卮饐?wèn)題時(shí), 要言簡(jiǎn)意賅, 切忌羅嗦。因此如果考生回答問(wèn)題時(shí)出現(xiàn)無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容時(shí), 便要扣除0. 5分, 而且如果答案中有相互矛盾的內(nèi)容時(shí), 則內(nèi)容矛盾的部分均不得分。
三. 答題技巧
根據(jù)以上的答題宗旨和要求, 我們?cè)谧鲞@種題目時(shí), 就必須要注意一些答題技巧。一般來(lái)講, 作簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)答題應(yīng)遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟來(lái)進(jìn)行：
1. 閱讀要有的放矢?？上扔靡环昼娮笥业臅r(shí)間, 來(lái)大致了解一下文章后面提出的問(wèn)題及其所問(wèn)的內(nèi)容, 做到閱讀文章時(shí)心中有數(shù), 帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀。這樣做的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是避免了閱讀中的盲目性,既節(jié)約了閱讀時(shí)間, 又提高了閱讀效率, 同時(shí)也就把握住了回答問(wèn)題的準(zhǔn)確度。
2. 然后, 用五分鐘左右的時(shí)間來(lái)仔細(xì)閱讀文章, 閱讀速度一般為每分鐘60個(gè)單詞, 不宜過(guò)快過(guò)急, 否則就要影響理解效果, 欲速則不達(dá)。閱讀時(shí)憑借腦中對(duì)各題所問(wèn)內(nèi)容的印象, 捕捉與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息詞。在原文和問(wèn)題有關(guān)短語(yǔ)、句子上做相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。以便做題時(shí)查找。
3. 原則上, 讀一遍原文即可答題, 一般難度的問(wèn)題到此即可獲得圓滿答案。如果有的問(wèn)題較難, 難以立刻找到答案, 可有選擇地再仔細(xì)閱讀原文中與該題有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。切忌考生憑自己的主觀臆斷來(lái)答題。
4. 答題時(shí)盡量使用自己的語(yǔ)言, 不要過(guò)多地照抄文中的語(yǔ)句。答案要簡(jiǎn)潔、扼要, 書寫要工整清晰, 爭(zhēng)取以最簡(jiǎn)單易懂的詞句來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。
5. 答案一定要寫在該題所要求寫的地方, 以避答非所問(wèn)之嫌, 而影響得分。
三. 答題技巧
根據(jù)以上的答題宗旨和要求, 我們?cè)谧鲞@種題目時(shí), 就必須要注意一些答題技巧, 為了能夠直觀地闡述清楚, 我們選取一篇文章為例：
In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour ) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h.. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h.. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drove at whatever speeds they liked. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian (行路人) crossings.
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain, offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
The main controversy (爭(zhēng)論) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise (同樣的), when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (傷亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA. Questions:
1. During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits? From 1930 to 1935. / Between 1930 and 1935.
2. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions? Driving tests and pedestrian crossings.
3. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he_____. Drivers too fast ./ exceeds the speed limit.
4. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws? Speed limits reduce accidents.
5. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents? The increase in traffic density
1. 越簡(jiǎn)單明了越好
一般來(lái)說(shuō), 這種題型得分高的往往都是那些表達(dá)非常簡(jiǎn)短的考生。要學(xué)會(huì)抓住關(guān)鍵字詞, 問(wèn)什么答什么, 不要有任何多余的、拖泥帶水的廢話, 這樣不僅做到了簡(jiǎn)潔, 同時(shí)也避免了寫長(zhǎng)句容易出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的毛博
2. 避免機(jī)械地整句照搬、要靈活變動(dòng)。
考生如果原封不動(dòng)地照搬一句扣0. 5分, 照搬兩句以及兩句以上扣2分, 因此即便是肯定原文中的某句就是正確答案, 也不要完整地抄下來(lái), 而應(yīng)做些變動(dòng)。