和現(xiàn)在分詞及短語(yǔ)一樣，過(guò)去分詞（past participles）或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)（past participial phrases）也可以充當(dāng)副詞，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)可以表達(dá)下列四種意思：
㈠方法或活動(dòng)方式，如：
● He walked up and down, lost in thought.
● I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.
● Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.
㈡原因，如：
● Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.
● Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.
㈢時(shí)間，如：
● Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.
● Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.
㈣條件，如：
● Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.
● Criticised by someone else, Tony would not have flared up like that.
除了直接修飾動(dòng)詞之外，過(guò)去分詞或短語(yǔ)也可以和連詞合組成短語(yǔ)，表示下列四種意思：
⒈由 when, whenever, while, until 等連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“ 時(shí)間”，如：
● When asked about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.
● Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.
⒉由 where, wherever 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“地點(diǎn)”，如：
● Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.
● Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.
⒊由 if, unless 引導(dǎo)，表示“條件”，如：
● If kept for too long, some medicines will lose their effectiveness.
● We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.
⒋由 though, although, even though 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“讓步 ”，如：
● Though warned of the danger, they still went mountaineering.
● Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.
此外，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)還可以和介詞“with”或“without”連用，具副詞作用。如：
● With the water pipe choked, there wasn't any more water for use.
● Without anything left in the kitchen, the Wangs decided to eat out.
最后，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，在適當(dāng)情況下，可以有自己的主語(yǔ)而變成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)（the absolute construction），如：
● The old man listened, his head inclined to one side.
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)可以表達(dá)下列四種意思：
㈠方法或活動(dòng)方式，如：
● He walked up and down, lost in thought.
● I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.
● Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.
㈡原因，如：
● Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.
● Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.
㈢時(shí)間，如：
● Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.
● Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.
㈣條件，如：
● Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.
● Criticised by someone else, Tony would not have flared up like that.
除了直接修飾動(dòng)詞之外，過(guò)去分詞或短語(yǔ)也可以和連詞合組成短語(yǔ)，表示下列四種意思：
⒈由 when, whenever, while, until 等連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“ 時(shí)間”，如：
● When asked about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.
● Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.
⒉由 where, wherever 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“地點(diǎn)”，如：
● Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.
● Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.
⒊由 if, unless 引導(dǎo)，表示“條件”，如：
● If kept for too long, some medicines will lose their effectiveness.
● We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.
⒋由 though, although, even though 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“讓步 ”，如：
● Though warned of the danger, they still went mountaineering.
● Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.
此外，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)還可以和介詞“with”或“without”連用，具副詞作用。如：
● With the water pipe choked, there wasn't any more water for use.
● Without anything left in the kitchen, the Wangs decided to eat out.
最后，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，在適當(dāng)情況下，可以有自己的主語(yǔ)而變成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)（the absolute construction），如：
● The old man listened, his head inclined to one side.