題目:
"In our time, specialists of all kinds are highly overrated. We need more generalists -- people who can provide broad perspectives."
對(duì)題目的分析:
This claim raises several related questions: What does it mean to be a generalist or a specialist, and what value do they have for society? Does society actually need more generalists, and are specialists, in fact, "highly overrated"?看到?jīng)]有這里就是the complexity of the issue.也就是說(shuō)我們寫的issue covers these points的話,那么我們就會(huì)insightful analysis, and in-depth analysis咯.大家好好好想想.
There are several basic positions you could take on this issue: Yes, society needs more generalists and places too high a value on specialists.
No, the opposite is true. Or, it depends on various factors. Or, both /group/s are important in today culture; neither is overvalued.給出了我們可以說(shuō)的方向,也就是要么肯定,要么否定,要么看具體情況(這個(gè)我個(gè)人認(rèn)為中國(guó)學(xué)生很難說(shuō)清楚,所以建議大家不要這樣寫.),要么兩者都要(這個(gè)雖然很好湊字?jǐn)?shù),但是我認(rèn)為文章中的連接很難做到,下面又范文和我的分析.大家看看).Your analysis might draw examples from a particular society or country, from one or more areas of society, or from various situations. It might focus on the role of generalists and specialists in relation to communications, transportation, politics, information, or technology.可以看到他要你句的例子都是很正經(jīng)的,所以大家要句一些具有普遍性的例子喲Any of these approaches is valid, so long as you use relevant reasons and examples to support your position.
Before you stake out a position, take a few moments to reread the claim. To analyze it, consider questions such as these:
?What are the main differences between specialists and generalists?這點(diǎn)比較難,也是我們喜歡回避的一點(diǎn),就是通常當(dāng)我們遇到a和b矛盾的問(wèn)題(在我們的一般理解中是矛盾的),我們總是不去談他們間的關(guān)系. What are the strong points of each? Do these differences always hold in various professions or situations?
Could there be some specialists, for example, who also need to have very broad knowledge and general abilities to perform their work well?這是上面的延伸,也難想到.
?How do generalists and specialists function in your field?這點(diǎn)也能考慮到What value do you think society places on specialists and generalists? Are specialists overvalued in some situations, and not in others?容易考慮Does society really need more generalists than it has? If so, what needs would they serve?這點(diǎn)很好考慮到Now you can organize your thoughts /into/ two /group/s:
1) reasons and examples to support the claim
2) reasons and examples to support an opposing point of view
可以看到,說(shuō)理和舉例子同樣重要.很多同學(xué)只是光舉例子(特別是對(duì)于自己不熟悉的題目),這樣不是特別好,需要改進(jìn),我也一樣。
If you find one view clearly more persuasive than the other, consider developing an argument from that perspective. As you build your argument, keep in mind the other points, which you could argue against.看到?jīng)]有,可以反駁自己的假設(shè)相反觀點(diǎn),是湊字?jǐn)?shù)和增加說(shuō)服力的好方法.
If both /group/s have compelling points, consider developing a position supporting, not the stated claim, but a more limited or more complex claim.
Then you can use reasons and examples from both sides to justify your position.
6分范文,太漂亮了,怎么說(shuō)呢,ft,我是不可能寫出這樣bt的issue.在心里有點(diǎn)harvard的味道.神了.
首先大家注意文章的格式,段和段間要空格,第一句話要空格.
In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement,說(shuō)了背景both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists.一句話開頭一點(diǎn)也不羅嗦,大家學(xué)學(xué),別總想著怎么開頭,關(guān)鍵是里面有沒(méi)有貨.
Specialists are necessary in order to allow society as a whole to properly and usefully assimilate the masses of new information and knowledge that have come out of research and have been widely disseminated through mass global media. As the head of Pharmacology at my university once said (and I paraphrase):"I can only research what I do because there are so many who have come before me to whom I can turn for basic knowledge. It is only because of each of the narrowly focussed individuals at each step that a full and true understanding of the complexities of life can be had. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder, but together we can climb to the moon." This illustrates the point that our societies level of knowledge and technology is at a stage in which there simply must be specialists in order for our society to take advantage of the information available to us.很清楚,一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)+例子(大學(xué)里的人說(shuō)的有普遍性吧)+把例子里的意思集中一下.最后一句話里的must和第一句的necessary搖相互應(yīng),說(shuō)specialist的作用和必要性.不就反映了前面的紅色的字里的東東嗎.漂亮.
Simply put, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso sea of information overload. While it was fine for early physicists to learn and understand the few laws and ideas that existed during their times, now, no one individual can possibly digest and assimilate all of the knowledge in any given area.觀點(diǎn)加舉例,是對(duì)上面那段的延伸.說(shuō)沒(méi)有specialist會(huì)怎么樣,舉了physicist的例子,多有學(xué)術(shù)氣息.
好戲上來(lái)了,筆封一轉(zhuǎn):
On the other hand, Over specialization means narrow focii in which people can lose the larger picture.No one can hope to understand the human body by only inspecting one's own toe-nails. What we learn from a narrow focus may be internally logically coherent but may be irrelevant or fallacious within the framework of a broader perspective. Further, if we inspect only our toe-nails, we may conclude that the whole body is hard and white. Useful conclusions and thus perhaps useful inventions must come by sharing among specialists. Simply throwing out various discovieries means we have a pile of useless discoveries, it is only when one can make with them a mosaic that we can see that they may form a picture.看到?jīng)]有他是怎么說(shuō)specialist和generalist間的關(guān)系的連貫吧.用,the larger picture, by sharing among specialists, and a mosaic把generalist的定義還有作用引出來(lái)了.佩服ing.鞠一躬.
下面的這2段大家好好想想,是不是表面上是在說(shuō)over-speicalization的壞處,而實(shí)際是在說(shuō)
generalist的作用,多神奇的東東.
Not only may over-specialization be dangerous in terms of the truth, purity and cohesion of knowledge, but it can also serve to drown moral or universall issues. Generalists and only generalists can see a broad enough picture to realize and introduce to the world the problems of the environment. With specialization, each person focusses on their research and their goals. Thus, industrialization, expansion, and new technologies are driven ahead. Meanwhile no individual can see the wholisitc view of our global existence in which true advancement may mean stifling individual specialists for the greater good of all.舉了個(gè)環(huán)境的例子,又是舉例,但是,朋友,人家可不是光舉例,例子里可有自己的分析,好好琢磨琢磨先.看到a broad enough picure和wholisitc view是不是很親切?對(duì)了,這里和上面那段不是又搖相呼應(yīng)了嗎?佩服ing.再鞠一躬.
Finally, over-specialization in a people's daily lives and jobs has meant personal and psychological compartmentalization. People are forced /into/ pigeon holes early in life (at least by university) and must conciously attempt to consume external forms of stimuli and information in order not to be lost in their small and isolated universe. Not only does this make for narrowly focussed and generally pooprly-educated individuals, but it guarantees a sense of loss of community, often followed by a feeling of psychological displacement and personal dissatisfaction.這段是說(shuō)over-specialization對(duì)個(gè)人精神世界的壞作用,同時(shí)你看到loss of community沒(méi)有,是不是有g(shù)eneralist的影子?再有pigeon holes和small and isolated universe不也就是說(shuō)沒(méi)有g(shù)eneralist的話會(huì)怎么樣嗎?
Without generalists, society becomes inward-looking and eventually inefficient. Without a society that recongnizes the impotance of braod-mindedness and fora for sharing generalities, individuals become isolated.
Thus, while our form of society necessitates specialists, generalists are equally important. Specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field and know
what the stakes are.很多人不知道結(jié)尾怎么寫,大家看看這個(gè).第一句和倒數(shù)3,4段呼應(yīng).第2句和倒數(shù)第2段呼應(yīng),和我在上段的分析一樣的,不要懷疑,就是這樣的,好好想想吧.
第3句是對(duì)前兩句的小結(jié).接下來(lái)最后一句是對(duì)全文的總結(jié).沒(méi)有提到任何前面文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的概念.
"In our time, specialists of all kinds are highly overrated. We need more generalists -- people who can provide broad perspectives."
對(duì)題目的分析:
This claim raises several related questions: What does it mean to be a generalist or a specialist, and what value do they have for society? Does society actually need more generalists, and are specialists, in fact, "highly overrated"?看到?jīng)]有這里就是the complexity of the issue.也就是說(shuō)我們寫的issue covers these points的話,那么我們就會(huì)insightful analysis, and in-depth analysis咯.大家好好好想想.
There are several basic positions you could take on this issue: Yes, society needs more generalists and places too high a value on specialists.
No, the opposite is true. Or, it depends on various factors. Or, both /group/s are important in today culture; neither is overvalued.給出了我們可以說(shuō)的方向,也就是要么肯定,要么否定,要么看具體情況(這個(gè)我個(gè)人認(rèn)為中國(guó)學(xué)生很難說(shuō)清楚,所以建議大家不要這樣寫.),要么兩者都要(這個(gè)雖然很好湊字?jǐn)?shù),但是我認(rèn)為文章中的連接很難做到,下面又范文和我的分析.大家看看).Your analysis might draw examples from a particular society or country, from one or more areas of society, or from various situations. It might focus on the role of generalists and specialists in relation to communications, transportation, politics, information, or technology.可以看到他要你句的例子都是很正經(jīng)的,所以大家要句一些具有普遍性的例子喲Any of these approaches is valid, so long as you use relevant reasons and examples to support your position.
Before you stake out a position, take a few moments to reread the claim. To analyze it, consider questions such as these:
?What are the main differences between specialists and generalists?這點(diǎn)比較難,也是我們喜歡回避的一點(diǎn),就是通常當(dāng)我們遇到a和b矛盾的問(wèn)題(在我們的一般理解中是矛盾的),我們總是不去談他們間的關(guān)系. What are the strong points of each? Do these differences always hold in various professions or situations?
Could there be some specialists, for example, who also need to have very broad knowledge and general abilities to perform their work well?這是上面的延伸,也難想到.
?How do generalists and specialists function in your field?這點(diǎn)也能考慮到What value do you think society places on specialists and generalists? Are specialists overvalued in some situations, and not in others?容易考慮Does society really need more generalists than it has? If so, what needs would they serve?這點(diǎn)很好考慮到Now you can organize your thoughts /into/ two /group/s:
1) reasons and examples to support the claim
2) reasons and examples to support an opposing point of view
可以看到,說(shuō)理和舉例子同樣重要.很多同學(xué)只是光舉例子(特別是對(duì)于自己不熟悉的題目),這樣不是特別好,需要改進(jìn),我也一樣。
If you find one view clearly more persuasive than the other, consider developing an argument from that perspective. As you build your argument, keep in mind the other points, which you could argue against.看到?jīng)]有,可以反駁自己的假設(shè)相反觀點(diǎn),是湊字?jǐn)?shù)和增加說(shuō)服力的好方法.
If both /group/s have compelling points, consider developing a position supporting, not the stated claim, but a more limited or more complex claim.
Then you can use reasons and examples from both sides to justify your position.
6分范文,太漂亮了,怎么說(shuō)呢,ft,我是不可能寫出這樣bt的issue.在心里有點(diǎn)harvard的味道.神了.
首先大家注意文章的格式,段和段間要空格,第一句話要空格.
In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement,說(shuō)了背景both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists.一句話開頭一點(diǎn)也不羅嗦,大家學(xué)學(xué),別總想著怎么開頭,關(guān)鍵是里面有沒(méi)有貨.
Specialists are necessary in order to allow society as a whole to properly and usefully assimilate the masses of new information and knowledge that have come out of research and have been widely disseminated through mass global media. As the head of Pharmacology at my university once said (and I paraphrase):"I can only research what I do because there are so many who have come before me to whom I can turn for basic knowledge. It is only because of each of the narrowly focussed individuals at each step that a full and true understanding of the complexities of life can be had. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder, but together we can climb to the moon." This illustrates the point that our societies level of knowledge and technology is at a stage in which there simply must be specialists in order for our society to take advantage of the information available to us.很清楚,一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)+例子(大學(xué)里的人說(shuō)的有普遍性吧)+把例子里的意思集中一下.最后一句話里的must和第一句的necessary搖相互應(yīng),說(shuō)specialist的作用和必要性.不就反映了前面的紅色的字里的東東嗎.漂亮.
Simply put, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso sea of information overload. While it was fine for early physicists to learn and understand the few laws and ideas that existed during their times, now, no one individual can possibly digest and assimilate all of the knowledge in any given area.觀點(diǎn)加舉例,是對(duì)上面那段的延伸.說(shuō)沒(méi)有specialist會(huì)怎么樣,舉了physicist的例子,多有學(xué)術(shù)氣息.
好戲上來(lái)了,筆封一轉(zhuǎn):
On the other hand, Over specialization means narrow focii in which people can lose the larger picture.No one can hope to understand the human body by only inspecting one's own toe-nails. What we learn from a narrow focus may be internally logically coherent but may be irrelevant or fallacious within the framework of a broader perspective. Further, if we inspect only our toe-nails, we may conclude that the whole body is hard and white. Useful conclusions and thus perhaps useful inventions must come by sharing among specialists. Simply throwing out various discovieries means we have a pile of useless discoveries, it is only when one can make with them a mosaic that we can see that they may form a picture.看到?jīng)]有他是怎么說(shuō)specialist和generalist間的關(guān)系的連貫吧.用,the larger picture, by sharing among specialists, and a mosaic把generalist的定義還有作用引出來(lái)了.佩服ing.鞠一躬.
下面的這2段大家好好想想,是不是表面上是在說(shuō)over-speicalization的壞處,而實(shí)際是在說(shuō)
generalist的作用,多神奇的東東.
Not only may over-specialization be dangerous in terms of the truth, purity and cohesion of knowledge, but it can also serve to drown moral or universall issues. Generalists and only generalists can see a broad enough picture to realize and introduce to the world the problems of the environment. With specialization, each person focusses on their research and their goals. Thus, industrialization, expansion, and new technologies are driven ahead. Meanwhile no individual can see the wholisitc view of our global existence in which true advancement may mean stifling individual specialists for the greater good of all.舉了個(gè)環(huán)境的例子,又是舉例,但是,朋友,人家可不是光舉例,例子里可有自己的分析,好好琢磨琢磨先.看到a broad enough picure和wholisitc view是不是很親切?對(duì)了,這里和上面那段不是又搖相呼應(yīng)了嗎?佩服ing.再鞠一躬.
Finally, over-specialization in a people's daily lives and jobs has meant personal and psychological compartmentalization. People are forced /into/ pigeon holes early in life (at least by university) and must conciously attempt to consume external forms of stimuli and information in order not to be lost in their small and isolated universe. Not only does this make for narrowly focussed and generally pooprly-educated individuals, but it guarantees a sense of loss of community, often followed by a feeling of psychological displacement and personal dissatisfaction.這段是說(shuō)over-specialization對(duì)個(gè)人精神世界的壞作用,同時(shí)你看到loss of community沒(méi)有,是不是有g(shù)eneralist的影子?再有pigeon holes和small and isolated universe不也就是說(shuō)沒(méi)有g(shù)eneralist的話會(huì)怎么樣嗎?
Without generalists, society becomes inward-looking and eventually inefficient. Without a society that recongnizes the impotance of braod-mindedness and fora for sharing generalities, individuals become isolated.
Thus, while our form of society necessitates specialists, generalists are equally important. Specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field and know
what the stakes are.很多人不知道結(jié)尾怎么寫,大家看看這個(gè).第一句和倒數(shù)3,4段呼應(yīng).第2句和倒數(shù)第2段呼應(yīng),和我在上段的分析一樣的,不要懷疑,就是這樣的,好好想想吧.
第3句是對(duì)前兩句的小結(jié).接下來(lái)最后一句是對(duì)全文的總結(jié).沒(méi)有提到任何前面文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的概念.