Passage 4
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
63. In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was_____ .
[A] under aimless development
[B] a positive example
[C] a rival to the West
[D] on the decline
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第一段第一句話"Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe"（戰(zhàn)后日本的生產(chǎn)率和社會(huì)的和諧為美國(guó)和歐洲所稱羨，因此很難說迷茫是戰(zhàn)后日本的特征），同時(shí)第三段的第一句話"While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics"（雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng)）也是西方人對(duì)戰(zhàn)后日本的正面評(píng)價(jià)，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。A、C、D選項(xiàng)的意思都與原文相反，可以很容易排除。
[題目譯文]
在西方人的眼里，戰(zhàn)后的日本是 。
[A] 處于盲目的發(fā)展中
[B] 一個(gè)積極的例子
[C] 西方的一個(gè)對(duì)手
[D] 處于衰落狀態(tài)
64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?
[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.
[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.
[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題需要將選項(xiàng)與原文作一一比較。A選項(xiàng)關(guān)于婦女就業(yè)的問題對(duì)應(yīng)于第二段的第一句"The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs"（戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期的到來及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，找好工作，攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過程中所做出的沉重的個(gè)人犧牲是否值得），可見A選項(xiàng)不僅本身表述不符合原文，而且也與題干的moral decline無關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第二段的最后一句話"In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed"（此外，與被調(diào)查的其他10個(gè)國(guó)家的工人相比，對(duì)自身工作表示不滿的日本工人要多得多），其表面意思是正確的，但卻同樣與moroal decline無關(guān)。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段第一句話"While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression"（雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng)，但是它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)而忽視了創(chuàng)造性和自我表現(xiàn)），但選項(xiàng)中excessive一詞在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)，且沒有直接提到這種教育對(duì)于道德下降的影響。D選型對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段最后一句話"Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents.""（去年，時(shí)任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出責(zé)難，他認(rèn)為二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)占領(lǐng)*引進(jìn)的自由改革削弱了"日本人尊敬父母的道德觀"）和第四段第一句話"But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles"（但是，那也許與日本人的生活方式關(guān)系更大），可見的因素是日本人生活方式的西化導(dǎo)致了道德水準(zhǔn)的下滑。
[題目譯文]
作者認(rèn)為日本社會(huì)的道德敗壞主要是由于什么原因？
[A] 婦女對(duì)社會(huì)活動(dòng)的參與受到了限制。
[B] 更多的工人對(duì)他們的工作不滿意。
[C] 過分重視打基礎(chǔ)。
[D] 生活方式受到了西方價(jià)值觀的影響。
65. Which of the following is true according to the author?
[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder
[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題應(yīng)把各選項(xiàng)與原文一一對(duì)應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第二段的第一句話"The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs"（戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期的到來及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，找好工作，攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過程中所做出的沉重的個(gè)人犧牲是否值得），但選項(xiàng)表述卻與原文相反。B選型的說法與第三段的第一句話"While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression"（雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng)，但是它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)而忽視了創(chuàng)造性和自我表現(xiàn)）矛盾，因?yàn)槿毡窘逃奶攸c(diǎn)不是強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力。D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段第三句話"Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild"（由此產(chǎn)生的受挫感致使孩子輟學(xué)、放蕩不羈），而選項(xiàng)正好顛倒了因果關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段第一句話，這說明作者認(rèn)為在培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力方面需要下更大的功夫，因此C是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
下列哪一項(xiàng)符合作者的意思？
[A] 日本教育應(yīng)為幫助年輕人爬上社會(huì)階梯而受到了贊賞。
[B] 日本教育的特色包括機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)造力。
[C] 應(yīng)該更加強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造能力的培養(yǎng)。
[D] 中途退學(xué)導(dǎo)致對(duì)于考試的挫敗感。
66. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____ .
[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in the fact that_____ .
[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.
[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before
[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life
[答案] A
[解題思路]
關(guān)于life-style的表述主要集中在文章的最后一段。通過最后兩句話"Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter"（城市里的日本人長(zhǎng)期忍受著漫長(zhǎng)的上下班來回路程和擁擠不堪的居住條件，隨著舊的群體家庭道德觀的削弱，開始顯現(xiàn)出一些令人擔(dān)憂的結(jié)果。在過去10年中，日本的離婚率，盡管仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于美國(guó)，已經(jīng)上升了50％，而自殺率則上升了近20%），可以推斷A選項(xiàng)符合題意，而B、C、D選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反。
[題目譯文]
日本人生活方式的改變可以通過以下哪項(xiàng)事實(shí)反映出來？
[A] 年輕人對(duì)于生活中的不便更難忍受
[B] 日本的離婚率超過了美國(guó)
[C] 日本人要忍受比以前更多的東西
[D] 日本人更加欣賞現(xiàn)在的生活 2000年P(guān)assage 5
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one’s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, However, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章的第一句話"If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one’s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf"（個(gè)人的雄心如果能被正確看待的話，那么它的回報(bào)--財(cái)富、聲譽(yù)、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌握--則應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是值得為之付出的犧牲），其中A選項(xiàng)returns對(duì)應(yīng)原文的rewards，well compensate of sacrifice對(duì)應(yīng)于well worthy of，因而A為正確選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了這句話前半句的意思，卻沒有抓住全句重點(diǎn)，因而是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。C和D選項(xiàng)則與原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息無關(guān)。
[題目譯文]
人們普遍認(rèn)為擁有抱負(fù)是一件好事，如果 。
[A] 其回報(bào)很好地補(bǔ)償了付出
[B] 可以得到金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力等的回報(bào)
[C] 其目標(biāo)是精神的，而不是物質(zhì)的
[D] 富人和名人分享共同的抱負(fù)
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____ .
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章的第二段第三句話"What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar."（現(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易地、公開地坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想，惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪、庸俗），其中D選項(xiàng)的greedy and comtemptible對(duì)應(yīng)于原文的aquisitive and vulgar，因此D是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
一些人不公開承認(rèn)他們有抱負(fù)是因?yàn)?。
[A] 他們認(rèn)為這樣做是不道德的
[B] 他們追求的東西并不是名利
[C] 抱負(fù)與物質(zhì)利益之間沒有必然聯(lián)系
[D] 他們不想顯得貪婪和可鄙 2001年P(guān)assage 1
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word ’amateur’ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
51. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.
[A] sociology and chemistry
[B] physics and psychology
[C] sociology and psychology
[D] physics and chemistry
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第二段最后一句話的前半句"The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training"（這種趨勢(shì)特別是在以數(shù)學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)內(nèi)自然表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯），可見題目指的那些學(xué)科主要指以數(shù)學(xué)和試驗(yàn)訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然科學(xué)，而不包括社會(huì)科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)中由于sociology和psychology都屬于社會(huì)科學(xué)范疇，因而可以排除A、B、C選項(xiàng)，D為正確答案。
[題目譯文]
19世紀(jì)專業(yè)化的發(fā)展得到更明顯表現(xiàn)的學(xué)科有 。
[A] 社會(huì)學(xué)和化學(xué)
[B] 物理學(xué)和心理學(xué)
[C] 社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)
[D] 物理學(xué)和化學(xué)
54. The direct reason for specialisation is ________.
[A] the development in communication
[B] the growth of professionalisation
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D] the splitting up of academic societies
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章第一段的第一句話"Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge"（專業(yè)分工可以看作是針對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)不斷膨脹這一問題所做出的反應(yīng)），因此答案為C顯而易見，其中選項(xiàng)中的expansion對(duì)應(yīng)于原文的accumulation，都說明了科學(xué)知識(shí)的增加導(dǎo)致了specialization。
[題目譯文]
專業(yè)化的直接理由是 。
[A] 溝通的發(fā)展
[B] 職業(yè)化的發(fā)展
[C] 科學(xué)知識(shí)的擴(kuò)張
[D] 學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體的分裂 2001年P(guān)assage 2
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info（information）rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure （the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
55．Digital divide is something _________.
[A]getting worse because of the Internet
[B]the rich countries are responsible for
[C]the world must guard against
[D]considered positive today
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章的第一段，其中第二句指出，"My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago"（我和我妻子20年前就曾談及這個(gè)隱約顯現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)），因而C選項(xiàng)與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，因?yàn)榈谝欢巫詈笠痪浔砻髯髡叩膽B(tài)度是optimistic。B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及，可以排除。至于D選項(xiàng)，盡管該段最后兩句話用了positive forces和reaasons to be optimistic，但并不認(rèn)為信息化可以被"considered positively"。
[題目譯文]
信息化分化是一種 的東西。
[A] 因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)而變得更壞
[B] 由富國(guó)負(fù)責(zé)
[C] 全世界都要警惕
[D] 現(xiàn)在看來積極
56．Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.
[A]offers economic potentials
[B]can bring foreign funds
[C]can soon wipe out world poverty
[D]connects people all over the world
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本文的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章的第二段，該段先在第二句話中討論互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的商機(jī)"As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are"（隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日趨商業(yè)化，上網(wǎng)普及符合商家的利益--畢竟，上網(wǎng)人數(shù)越多，潛在的客戶就越多），緊接著在第三句話中指出"More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access"（現(xiàn)在越來越多的政府惟恐自己的國(guó)家落后，紛紛推廣互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用范圍），可見各國(guó)政府也不愿錯(cuò)過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)蘊(yùn)含的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的潛力，正確答案相應(yīng)為A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的討論中并沒有談到foreign funds，后者關(guān)系到的是后文討論的infrastructure。而C和D選項(xiàng)都不是各國(guó)政府關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，也可以排除。
[題目譯文]
政府重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的原因在于它 。
[A] 可以提供經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力
[B] 能帶來外資
[C] 能很快消除世界貧困
[D] 可以把全世界的人聯(lián)接在一起
58．It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on _________.
[A] how well developed it is electronically
[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern
[D] how much control it has over foreign corporations
[答案] A
[解題思路]
文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第三句提到"The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be"（你擁有越多的外國(guó)資金去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施），那么你的情況就會(huì)越好），"electronic infrastructure"說明了當(dāng)代社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)在電子產(chǎn)業(yè)，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有，可以排除。C選項(xiàng)有一定干擾性，但文中用美國(guó)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)這個(gè)例子的目的在于說明應(yīng)該利用外國(guó)投資，而不是要各國(guó)盲目效仿美國(guó)的工業(yè)模式。D選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于原文只談及堯?qū)ν馄笥幸欢刂?，但控制程度并不是?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。
[題目譯文]
看起來現(xiàn)在一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)在很大程度上取決于 。
[A] 其在電子方面的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r
[B] 該國(guó)是否對(duì)移民存在偏見
[C] 該國(guó)是否采取了美國(guó)的工業(yè)模式
[D] 該國(guó)是否收到了外國(guó)公司的控制
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
63. In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was_____ .
[A] under aimless development
[B] a positive example
[C] a rival to the West
[D] on the decline
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第一段第一句話"Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe"（戰(zhàn)后日本的生產(chǎn)率和社會(huì)的和諧為美國(guó)和歐洲所稱羨，因此很難說迷茫是戰(zhàn)后日本的特征），同時(shí)第三段的第一句話"While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics"（雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng)）也是西方人對(duì)戰(zhàn)后日本的正面評(píng)價(jià)，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。A、C、D選項(xiàng)的意思都與原文相反，可以很容易排除。
[題目譯文]
在西方人的眼里，戰(zhàn)后的日本是 。
[A] 處于盲目的發(fā)展中
[B] 一個(gè)積極的例子
[C] 西方的一個(gè)對(duì)手
[D] 處于衰落狀態(tài)
64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?
[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.
[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.
[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題需要將選項(xiàng)與原文作一一比較。A選項(xiàng)關(guān)于婦女就業(yè)的問題對(duì)應(yīng)于第二段的第一句"The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs"（戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期的到來及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，找好工作，攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過程中所做出的沉重的個(gè)人犧牲是否值得），可見A選項(xiàng)不僅本身表述不符合原文，而且也與題干的moral decline無關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第二段的最后一句話"In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed"（此外，與被調(diào)查的其他10個(gè)國(guó)家的工人相比，對(duì)自身工作表示不滿的日本工人要多得多），其表面意思是正確的，但卻同樣與moroal decline無關(guān)。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段第一句話"While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression"（雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng)，但是它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)而忽視了創(chuàng)造性和自我表現(xiàn)），但選項(xiàng)中excessive一詞在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)，且沒有直接提到這種教育對(duì)于道德下降的影響。D選型對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段最后一句話"Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents.""（去年，時(shí)任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出責(zé)難，他認(rèn)為二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)占領(lǐng)*引進(jìn)的自由改革削弱了"日本人尊敬父母的道德觀"）和第四段第一句話"But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles"（但是，那也許與日本人的生活方式關(guān)系更大），可見的因素是日本人生活方式的西化導(dǎo)致了道德水準(zhǔn)的下滑。
[題目譯文]
作者認(rèn)為日本社會(huì)的道德敗壞主要是由于什么原因？
[A] 婦女對(duì)社會(huì)活動(dòng)的參與受到了限制。
[B] 更多的工人對(duì)他們的工作不滿意。
[C] 過分重視打基礎(chǔ)。
[D] 生活方式受到了西方價(jià)值觀的影響。
65. Which of the following is true according to the author?
[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder
[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題應(yīng)把各選項(xiàng)與原文一一對(duì)應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第二段的第一句話"The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs"（戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期的到來及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，找好工作，攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過程中所做出的沉重的個(gè)人犧牲是否值得），但選項(xiàng)表述卻與原文相反。B選型的說法與第三段的第一句話"While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression"（雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng)，但是它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)而忽視了創(chuàng)造性和自我表現(xiàn)）矛盾，因?yàn)槿毡窘逃奶攸c(diǎn)不是強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力。D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段第三句話"Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild"（由此產(chǎn)生的受挫感致使孩子輟學(xué)、放蕩不羈），而選項(xiàng)正好顛倒了因果關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段第一句話，這說明作者認(rèn)為在培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力方面需要下更大的功夫，因此C是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
下列哪一項(xiàng)符合作者的意思？
[A] 日本教育應(yīng)為幫助年輕人爬上社會(huì)階梯而受到了贊賞。
[B] 日本教育的特色包括機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)造力。
[C] 應(yīng)該更加強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造能力的培養(yǎng)。
[D] 中途退學(xué)導(dǎo)致對(duì)于考試的挫敗感。
66. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____ .
[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in the fact that_____ .
[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.
[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before
[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life
[答案] A
[解題思路]
關(guān)于life-style的表述主要集中在文章的最后一段。通過最后兩句話"Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter"（城市里的日本人長(zhǎng)期忍受著漫長(zhǎng)的上下班來回路程和擁擠不堪的居住條件，隨著舊的群體家庭道德觀的削弱，開始顯現(xiàn)出一些令人擔(dān)憂的結(jié)果。在過去10年中，日本的離婚率，盡管仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于美國(guó)，已經(jīng)上升了50％，而自殺率則上升了近20%），可以推斷A選項(xiàng)符合題意，而B、C、D選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反。
[題目譯文]
日本人生活方式的改變可以通過以下哪項(xiàng)事實(shí)反映出來？
[A] 年輕人對(duì)于生活中的不便更難忍受
[B] 日本的離婚率超過了美國(guó)
[C] 日本人要忍受比以前更多的東西
[D] 日本人更加欣賞現(xiàn)在的生活 2000年P(guān)assage 5
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one’s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, However, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章的第一句話"If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one’s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf"（個(gè)人的雄心如果能被正確看待的話，那么它的回報(bào)--財(cái)富、聲譽(yù)、對(duì)命運(yùn)的掌握--則應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是值得為之付出的犧牲），其中A選項(xiàng)returns對(duì)應(yīng)原文的rewards，well compensate of sacrifice對(duì)應(yīng)于well worthy of，因而A為正確選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了這句話前半句的意思，卻沒有抓住全句重點(diǎn)，因而是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。C和D選項(xiàng)則與原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息無關(guān)。
[題目譯文]
人們普遍認(rèn)為擁有抱負(fù)是一件好事，如果 。
[A] 其回報(bào)很好地補(bǔ)償了付出
[B] 可以得到金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力等的回報(bào)
[C] 其目標(biāo)是精神的，而不是物質(zhì)的
[D] 富人和名人分享共同的抱負(fù)
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____ .
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)于文章的第二段第三句話"What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar."（現(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易地、公開地坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想，惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪、庸俗），其中D選項(xiàng)的greedy and comtemptible對(duì)應(yīng)于原文的aquisitive and vulgar，因此D是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
一些人不公開承認(rèn)他們有抱負(fù)是因?yàn)?。
[A] 他們認(rèn)為這樣做是不道德的
[B] 他們追求的東西并不是名利
[C] 抱負(fù)與物質(zhì)利益之間沒有必然聯(lián)系
[D] 他們不想顯得貪婪和可鄙 2001年P(guān)assage 1
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word ’amateur’ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
51. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.
[A] sociology and chemistry
[B] physics and psychology
[C] sociology and psychology
[D] physics and chemistry
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第二段最后一句話的前半句"The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training"（這種趨勢(shì)特別是在以數(shù)學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)內(nèi)自然表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯），可見題目指的那些學(xué)科主要指以數(shù)學(xué)和試驗(yàn)訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然科學(xué)，而不包括社會(huì)科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)中由于sociology和psychology都屬于社會(huì)科學(xué)范疇，因而可以排除A、B、C選項(xiàng)，D為正確答案。
[題目譯文]
19世紀(jì)專業(yè)化的發(fā)展得到更明顯表現(xiàn)的學(xué)科有 。
[A] 社會(huì)學(xué)和化學(xué)
[B] 物理學(xué)和心理學(xué)
[C] 社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)
[D] 物理學(xué)和化學(xué)
54. The direct reason for specialisation is ________.
[A] the development in communication
[B] the growth of professionalisation
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D] the splitting up of academic societies
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章第一段的第一句話"Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge"（專業(yè)分工可以看作是針對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)不斷膨脹這一問題所做出的反應(yīng)），因此答案為C顯而易見，其中選項(xiàng)中的expansion對(duì)應(yīng)于原文的accumulation，都說明了科學(xué)知識(shí)的增加導(dǎo)致了specialization。
[題目譯文]
專業(yè)化的直接理由是 。
[A] 溝通的發(fā)展
[B] 職業(yè)化的發(fā)展
[C] 科學(xué)知識(shí)的擴(kuò)張
[D] 學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體的分裂 2001年P(guān)assage 2
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info（information）rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure （the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
55．Digital divide is something _________.
[A]getting worse because of the Internet
[B]the rich countries are responsible for
[C]the world must guard against
[D]considered positive today
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章的第一段，其中第二句指出，"My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago"（我和我妻子20年前就曾談及這個(gè)隱約顯現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)），因而C選項(xiàng)與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，因?yàn)榈谝欢巫詈笠痪浔砻髯髡叩膽B(tài)度是optimistic。B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及，可以排除。至于D選項(xiàng)，盡管該段最后兩句話用了positive forces和reaasons to be optimistic，但并不認(rèn)為信息化可以被"considered positively"。
[題目譯文]
信息化分化是一種 的東西。
[A] 因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)而變得更壞
[B] 由富國(guó)負(fù)責(zé)
[C] 全世界都要警惕
[D] 現(xiàn)在看來積極
56．Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.
[A]offers economic potentials
[B]can bring foreign funds
[C]can soon wipe out world poverty
[D]connects people all over the world
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本文的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章的第二段，該段先在第二句話中討論互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的商機(jī)"As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are"（隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日趨商業(yè)化，上網(wǎng)普及符合商家的利益--畢竟，上網(wǎng)人數(shù)越多，潛在的客戶就越多），緊接著在第三句話中指出"More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access"（現(xiàn)在越來越多的政府惟恐自己的國(guó)家落后，紛紛推廣互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用范圍），可見各國(guó)政府也不愿錯(cuò)過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)蘊(yùn)含的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的潛力，正確答案相應(yīng)為A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的討論中并沒有談到foreign funds，后者關(guān)系到的是后文討論的infrastructure。而C和D選項(xiàng)都不是各國(guó)政府關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，也可以排除。
[題目譯文]
政府重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的原因在于它 。
[A] 可以提供經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力
[B] 能帶來外資
[C] 能很快消除世界貧困
[D] 可以把全世界的人聯(lián)接在一起
58．It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on _________.
[A] how well developed it is electronically
[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern
[D] how much control it has over foreign corporations
[答案] A
[解題思路]
文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第三句提到"The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be"（你擁有越多的外國(guó)資金去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施），那么你的情況就會(huì)越好），"electronic infrastructure"說明了當(dāng)代社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)在電子產(chǎn)業(yè)，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有，可以排除。C選項(xiàng)有一定干擾性，但文中用美國(guó)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)這個(gè)例子的目的在于說明應(yīng)該利用外國(guó)投資，而不是要各國(guó)盲目效仿美國(guó)的工業(yè)模式。D選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于原文只談及堯?qū)ν馄笥幸欢刂?，但控制程度并不是?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。
[題目譯文]
看起來現(xiàn)在一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)在很大程度上取決于 。
[A] 其在電子方面的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r
[B] 該國(guó)是否對(duì)移民存在偏見
[C] 該國(guó)是否采取了美國(guó)的工業(yè)模式
[D] 該國(guó)是否收到了外國(guó)公司的控制