4.反意疑問句
反意疑問句由兩個部分組成:陳述句加簡短一般疑問句。這種疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)類型:
一是“肯定陳述+否定疑問”,一是“否定陳述+肯定疑問”。如:
He smokes, doesn‘t he?
They have come back home, haven‘t they?
He isn‘t listening, is he?
It isn‘t a fine day, is it?
注意有些否定詞或半否定詞(如:barely, seldom, few, little, nobody, nothing, never等)出現(xiàn)在陳述部分時,附加部分的動詞應(yīng)用肯定形式。如:
He seldom drinks, does he?
Few people visited there, did they?
祈使句
祈使句是表示命令、請求、建議、祝愿或邀請的句子。
祈使句的主語通常用第二人稱,但一般不出現(xiàn);謂語動詞多用原形;口語中一般用降調(diào),表示請示或邀請時可用升調(diào),并可加上please 一詞;表示強調(diào)或加強勸說語氣時,可在肯定祈使句的謂語動詞前加do;否定祈使句的謂語動詞前加don‘t或do not,如:
Tell me the truth.
Open the door, please.
Do get up early.
Don‘t open the door.
為了加強說話的語氣或明確說話的對象時,主語可以出現(xiàn),而且可以是第三人稱主語,如:
You show me what to do.
Nobody move.
祈使句的另一種結(jié)構(gòu)是“Let+ (第一、三人稱)賓語+賓語補語”,如:
Let me have a look.
Let‘s enjoy ourselves.
Let us have a party.
注意let us和let‘s用法上的區(qū)別:let us不包括聽話人,let’s包括聽話人。
感嘆句
用于抒發(fā)喜悅、驚奇、贊賞、憤怒等強烈感情的句子叫感嘆句。感嘆句通常由what或how引導(dǎo),主語和謂語動詞不倒裝。
1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句用來修飾名詞,名詞前可以有不定冠詞或形容詞,如:
What a time we‘ve had today!
What a clever boy I have seen!
2.how用來修飾形容詞、副詞和動詞,如:
How wonderful this girl sings!
How fast they are running!
反意疑問句由兩個部分組成:陳述句加簡短一般疑問句。這種疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)類型:
一是“肯定陳述+否定疑問”,一是“否定陳述+肯定疑問”。如:
He smokes, doesn‘t he?
They have come back home, haven‘t they?
He isn‘t listening, is he?
It isn‘t a fine day, is it?
注意有些否定詞或半否定詞(如:barely, seldom, few, little, nobody, nothing, never等)出現(xiàn)在陳述部分時,附加部分的動詞應(yīng)用肯定形式。如:
He seldom drinks, does he?
Few people visited there, did they?
祈使句
祈使句是表示命令、請求、建議、祝愿或邀請的句子。
祈使句的主語通常用第二人稱,但一般不出現(xiàn);謂語動詞多用原形;口語中一般用降調(diào),表示請示或邀請時可用升調(diào),并可加上please 一詞;表示強調(diào)或加強勸說語氣時,可在肯定祈使句的謂語動詞前加do;否定祈使句的謂語動詞前加don‘t或do not,如:
Tell me the truth.
Open the door, please.
Do get up early.
Don‘t open the door.
為了加強說話的語氣或明確說話的對象時,主語可以出現(xiàn),而且可以是第三人稱主語,如:
You show me what to do.
Nobody move.
祈使句的另一種結(jié)構(gòu)是“Let+ (第一、三人稱)賓語+賓語補語”,如:
Let me have a look.
Let‘s enjoy ourselves.
Let us have a party.
注意let us和let‘s用法上的區(qū)別:let us不包括聽話人,let’s包括聽話人。
感嘆句
用于抒發(fā)喜悅、驚奇、贊賞、憤怒等強烈感情的句子叫感嘆句。感嘆句通常由what或how引導(dǎo),主語和謂語動詞不倒裝。
1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句用來修飾名詞,名詞前可以有不定冠詞或形容詞,如:
What a time we‘ve had today!
What a clever boy I have seen!
2.how用來修飾形容詞、副詞和動詞,如:
How wonderful this girl sings!
How fast they are running!