三、謂語動詞
(一) 謂語動詞的主謂一致來源：考試大 ?、佟⒅髦^分割原則
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為symbolizes。主語謂語用逗號分割開，主語the bald eagle為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
②、與后者一致原則
not…but, 強(qiáng)調(diào)but后面的名詞，來源：考試大 not only…but also來源：考試大 ?、?、與前者一致原則來源：考試大 名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用is,
中心詞在前面，謂語動詞應(yīng)該與前面的名詞保持一致
例：The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，與謂語動詞與the athlete 保持一致，改為is
④、就近原則來源：考試大 or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數(shù)名詞+or+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，也就是把be動詞提到前面，那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點(diǎn)： 如果是陳述句，靠后面近，用復(fù)數(shù)
如果是疑問句，靠前面近，用單數(shù)
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為and。從謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷，主語應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)，or連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)動詞和后面的名詞保持一致，behavior是用單數(shù)形式，因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。
⑤定語從句主語就近原則來源：考試大 There are five apples that are red.
apples是復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語a supply為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。
⑥the +形容詞主謂一致來源：考試大 The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類人，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)
⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯(cuò)題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況：來源：考試大 a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞，那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞，名詞其實(shí)是主語，所以be和名詞保持一致
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析：there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式，society當(dāng)然用單數(shù)，A錯(cuò)，there are 改為there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析：倒裝句，are改為is來源：考試大
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為films , 主語實(shí)際上是名詞，應(yīng)該與謂語動詞保持一致。
⑧、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞來源：考試大 謂語動詞的形式和百分比多少沒有關(guān)系，主要取決于后面的名詞，比如：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)來源：考試大 half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數(shù)名詞 + are
most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is來源：考試大
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為have been。介詞of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語，作主語的中心詞half當(dāng)然表復(fù)數(shù)，相應(yīng)的謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為packages。從謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷出主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意food用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的食品，beverage用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的飲料，故（C）、（D）均沒有錯(cuò)。
(二) 謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)來源：考試大 ①、主要考察時(shí)間狀語
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A B C D
分析：Metal, aluminum同位語，in the nineteenth century為明顯表示過去時(shí)間的狀語, 因此應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)態(tài)，把has been改為was
②、For和since的區(qū)別
區(qū)別一：For 后面使用時(shí)間段，since 后面使用時(shí)間點(diǎn)
區(qū)別二：Since 只能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，F(xiàn)or 最主要用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.來源：考試大 I was a teacher for three years. 這種表達(dá)可以，for three years表示一段時(shí)間，was 表示過去做了三年，現(xiàn)在不是老師了
例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
A B
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改 In. since一般要求主句用完成時(shí)態(tài)，而句中謂語動詞為過去式，其時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)，故改Since為In。
例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為for。since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，主句謂語動詞為一般完成時(shí)；主句謂語動詞為一般過去時(shí)要用介詞for；而且一段時(shí)間用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
A B C D
自然現(xiàn)象和客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，live
(三) 謂語的語態(tài)來源：考試大 語態(tài)主要表示是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。 來源：考試大 有四組動詞是改錯(cuò)題中?？嫉模簛碓矗嚎荚嚧蟆 、?、prove
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建議被證明是錯(cuò)的
盡管是被證明，但習(xí)慣上用主動；
例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming
A
to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be
B C
mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為tricks。并列連詞 or在此連接名詞，如果把D理解為并列句，不僅時(shí)態(tài)不對，語義也有問題，故將整個(gè)句子改為名詞。have proven to be是正確的。
②、Locate，Situate
這兩個(gè)詞可以用作主動，表示把…放置在…地方；確定…的位置
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠確定障礙物的位置
這兩個(gè)詞也可以用作被動來源：考試大 My school was located near the river.
區(qū)分locate的主動和被動比較難，但是有一個(gè)技巧存在：locate如果用作主動，后面必須跟賓語
例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.
(A)locates來源：考試大
(B)locating
(C)to locate
(D)is located 來源：考試大 分析：空格處顯然缺謂語動詞，故首先排除不能作謂語的B和C。動詞locate后面沒有賓語，所以用作被動,表示“位于”，所以D為正確選項(xiàng)。
③、表示需要概念的動詞
need, want, require等
My watch needed repairing
My watch needed to be repaired.
④、表示人的情感的動詞
move, annoy, surprise, please等
He is so moving. 他令人感到感動。來源：考試大 He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感動。
主動和被動技巧總結(jié)：
如果句子中有一個(gè)“過去分詞+by”, 如果斷定它是謂語的話，前面必然有be動詞
例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the
A
United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,
B
power structures, and flood-control works along
C
the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.
D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為has been chartered。由信號詞by可知前面的謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)形式。
(一) 謂語動詞的主謂一致來源：考試大 ?、佟⒅髦^分割原則
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為symbolizes。主語謂語用逗號分割開，主語the bald eagle為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
②、與后者一致原則
not…but, 強(qiáng)調(diào)but后面的名詞，來源：考試大 not only…but also來源：考試大 ?、?、與前者一致原則來源：考試大 名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用is,
中心詞在前面，謂語動詞應(yīng)該與前面的名詞保持一致
例：The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，與謂語動詞與the athlete 保持一致，改為is
④、就近原則來源：考試大 or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數(shù)名詞+or+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，也就是把be動詞提到前面，那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點(diǎn)： 如果是陳述句，靠后面近，用復(fù)數(shù)
如果是疑問句，靠前面近，用單數(shù)
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為and。從謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷，主語應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)，or連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)動詞和后面的名詞保持一致，behavior是用單數(shù)形式，因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。
⑤定語從句主語就近原則來源：考試大 There are five apples that are red.
apples是復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語a supply為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。
⑥the +形容詞主謂一致來源：考試大 The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類人，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)
⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯(cuò)題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況：來源：考試大 a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞，那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞，名詞其實(shí)是主語，所以be和名詞保持一致
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析：there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式，society當(dāng)然用單數(shù)，A錯(cuò)，there are 改為there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析：倒裝句，are改為is來源：考試大
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為films , 主語實(shí)際上是名詞，應(yīng)該與謂語動詞保持一致。
⑧、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞來源：考試大 謂語動詞的形式和百分比多少沒有關(guān)系，主要取決于后面的名詞，比如：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)來源：考試大 half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數(shù)名詞 + are
most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is來源：考試大
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為have been。介詞of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語，作主語的中心詞half當(dāng)然表復(fù)數(shù)，相應(yīng)的謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為packages。從謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷出主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意food用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的食品，beverage用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的飲料，故（C）、（D）均沒有錯(cuò)。
(二) 謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)來源：考試大 ①、主要考察時(shí)間狀語
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A B C D
分析：Metal, aluminum同位語，in the nineteenth century為明顯表示過去時(shí)間的狀語, 因此應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)態(tài)，把has been改為was
②、For和since的區(qū)別
區(qū)別一：For 后面使用時(shí)間段，since 后面使用時(shí)間點(diǎn)
區(qū)別二：Since 只能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，F(xiàn)or 最主要用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.來源：考試大 I was a teacher for three years. 這種表達(dá)可以，for three years表示一段時(shí)間，was 表示過去做了三年，現(xiàn)在不是老師了
例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
A B
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改 In. since一般要求主句用完成時(shí)態(tài)，而句中謂語動詞為過去式，其時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)，故改Since為In。
例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為for。since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，主句謂語動詞為一般完成時(shí)；主句謂語動詞為一般過去時(shí)要用介詞for；而且一段時(shí)間用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
A B C D
自然現(xiàn)象和客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，live
(三) 謂語的語態(tài)來源：考試大 語態(tài)主要表示是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。 來源：考試大 有四組動詞是改錯(cuò)題中?？嫉模簛碓矗嚎荚嚧蟆 、?、prove
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建議被證明是錯(cuò)的
盡管是被證明，但習(xí)慣上用主動；
例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming
A
to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be
B C
mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為tricks。并列連詞 or在此連接名詞，如果把D理解為并列句，不僅時(shí)態(tài)不對，語義也有問題，故將整個(gè)句子改為名詞。have proven to be是正確的。
②、Locate，Situate
這兩個(gè)詞可以用作主動，表示把…放置在…地方；確定…的位置
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠確定障礙物的位置
這兩個(gè)詞也可以用作被動來源：考試大 My school was located near the river.
區(qū)分locate的主動和被動比較難，但是有一個(gè)技巧存在：locate如果用作主動，后面必須跟賓語
例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.
(A)locates來源：考試大
(B)locating
(C)to locate
(D)is located 來源：考試大 分析：空格處顯然缺謂語動詞，故首先排除不能作謂語的B和C。動詞locate后面沒有賓語，所以用作被動,表示“位于”，所以D為正確選項(xiàng)。
③、表示需要概念的動詞
need, want, require等
My watch needed repairing
My watch needed to be repaired.
④、表示人的情感的動詞
move, annoy, surprise, please等
He is so moving. 他令人感到感動。來源：考試大 He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感動。
主動和被動技巧總結(jié)：
如果句子中有一個(gè)“過去分詞+by”, 如果斷定它是謂語的話，前面必然有be動詞
例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the
A
United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,
B
power structures, and flood-control works along
C
the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.
D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為has been chartered。由信號詞by可知前面的謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)形式。